Modul 1 Test Philosophy For Group 1

REModul Name: RAHAMAN SAJIDUL Group:01 (Note: each mistakes value is 3
points, pass mark is 60, maximum mark is 100)
1. Each of the following passages contains a single argument. Using the letters "P" and "C," identify the
Premises and Conclusion of each argument (put the part you believe is conclusion in round brackets
and write above “C” and write “P” above premise part in squire brackets)
b) P - [Punishment, when speedy and specific, may suppress undesirable behavior, but it cannot teach
or encourage desirable alternatives.]
C – ( Therefore, it is crucial to use positive techniques to model and reinforce appropriate behavior
that the person can use in place of the unacceptable response that has to be suppressed. )
c) P – [ An agreement cannot bind unless both parties to the agreement know what they are doing and
freely choose to do it.]
C – ( This implies that the seller who intends to enter a contract with a customer has a duty to
disclose exactly what the customer is buying and what the terms of the sale are.)
e) C – ( The fact that there was never a land bridge between Australia and mainland Asia is
evidenced by the fact that the animal species in the two areas are very different.)
P – [ Asian placental mammals and Australian marsupial mammals have not been in contact
in the last several million years. ]
d) C – ( Expectant mothers should never use recreational drugs, )
P – [ since the use of these drugs can jeopardize the development of the fetus.]
2. Determine which of the following passages are arguments. For those that are, identify the conclusion.
a) Watch out that you don’t slip on the ice. (conclusion)

b) Whatever you do, never conﬁde personal secrets to Blabbermouth Bob. (conclusion)
c) Whenever a force is exerted on an object, the shape of the object can change. For
example, when you squeeze a rubber ball or strike a punching bag with your
ﬁst, the objects are deformed to some extent. ( arguments)
3. Answer "true" or "false" to the following statements:

a) TRUE - Any passage that contains an argument must contain a claim that something is supported by evidence or
reasons.
b) FALSE - Part of an argument that contains indicator words such as "thus," "so" and "hence" are always
conclusions.
4. Determine whether the following arguments are best interpreted as being inductive or deductive.
1. DEDUCTIVE - Because triangle A is congruent with triangle B, and triangle A is isosceles, it follows that
triangle B is isosceles.
2. INDUCTIVE - The snowfall in Bishkek has been more than 5 inches every year for the past 20 years.
Therefore, the rainfall next year will be more than 5 inches.
5. INDUCTIVE - Ben is taller than Joan, and Joan is taller thon then Bob. Hence Ben is taller then Bob.
6. INDUCTIVE - This food is nourishing for horses' and horses are similar to humans in many ways. So, This
food is nourishing for horses' and horses are similar to humans in many ways
7. DEDUCTIVE - Since only plants undergo the process of photosynthesis' and Cacti are a plant, it follows that
Cacti undergoes the process of photosynthesis.
8. INDUCTIVE - The Encyclopedia Britannica has an article on symbiosis. The Encyclopedia

Americana, like the Britannica, is an excellent reference work. Therefore,
the Americana probably also has an article on symbiosis.
1
5. Answer True or False.
1. True - An argument that predicts what will happen in the future, based on what has happened in the past, is an
inductive argument.
2. False - Inductive arguments always proceed from the particular to the general.
3. True - Deductive arguments present closed system and inductive open system.
4. True - The purpose of the premise or premises is to set forth the reasons or evidence given in support of the
conclusion.
6. Define rule of inference (write in front of example one of them: M.P., M.T., Dilemma, H.S., S.C.D., S.D.D.,
C.C.D., C.D.D.)
1. If today is sunny, then she goes shopping. She does not go shopping.
Therefore, today is not sunny…. M.T.
2. If I cannot understand four topics on logic, then I am not capable to become a doctor
I cannot understand four topics on logic, therefore, I am not capable to become a doctor….M.P.
4. The pen is either in the right hand or in the left hand. It is not in the right hand, thus it is in the left hand…M.P
5. If it rains, we will stay inside, If it is sunny, we will go for a walk.
Either we will not stay inside, or we will not go for a walk
Therefore, either it will not rain, or it will not be sunny……. C D. D
6. Apple is a fruit and banana is a fruit. You asked to sell you bananas in a store and got an answer that fruits were
not there. You made a conclusion that it is pointless to ask about apples. Basing on what rule of inference you made
such a conclusion?.....H.S
7. Define the argumentation fallacies.
a) Assuming that a claim is true because it has not been or cannot be proven false is……Argument to
ignorance………….
b) ……False Dilemma………………….is sometimes referred as “simplification of a problem”, or
“black-and-white false arguments” when the reader is asked to choose one of two positions,
offering him no other options.
c) Technique of misrepresenting someone’s argument to make it easier to attack is called…………
Strawman …….
8. Which of the bellow sentences is a not statement?
Aluminum is attacked by hydrochloric acid.
Broccoli is a good source of vitamin A.
Argentina is located in North America.
Napoleon prevailed at Waterloo.
We suggest that you travel by bus. ( Not Statement )
Turn to the left at the next corner ( Not Statement )
Rembrandt was a painter and Shelley was a poet.
8. Which of the bellow words are conclusion indicators and which are premise indicators?
Consequently - Conclusive Therefore - Conclusive

we may infer - Conclusive Since - Premise
it must be that - Conclusive Because - Premise
so - Conclusive For - Premise
it follows that - Conclusive in that - Premise
2
implies that - Conclusive may be inferred from - Premise
hence - Conclusive as - Premise
thus - Conclusive given that - Premise
entails that - Conclusive we may conclude - Conclusive

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REModul Name: RAHAMAN SAJIDUL Group:01 (Note: each mistakes value is 3

points, pass mark is 60, maximum mark is 100)

a) Watch out that you don’t slip on the ice. (conclusion)

3. Answer "true" or "false" to the following statements:

8. INDUCTIVE - The Encyclopedia Britannica has an article on symbiosis. The Encyclopedia

Consequently - Conclusive Therefore - Conclusive

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