The AGATA

spectrometer

John Simpson
Nuclear Physics Group
Daresbury Laboratory
ECT* Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy in Europe, Present and Future Challenges 8-12th May 2006
 AGATA
(Advanced GAmma Tracking Array)
4π γ-array for Nuclear Physics Experiments at European accelerators
providing radioactive and high-intensity stable beams

Main features of AGATA

Efficiency: 43% (Mγ =1) 28% (Mγ =30)
today’s arrays ~10% (gain ~4) 5% (gain ~1000)
Peak/Total: 58% (Mγ=1) 49% (Mγ=30)
today ~55% 40%
Angular Resolution: ~1º Æ
FWHM (1 MeV, v/c=50%) ~ 6 keV !!!
today ~40 keV
Rates: 3 MHz (Mγ=1) 300 kHz (Mγ =30)
today 1 MHz 20 kHz

• 180 large volume 36-fold segmented Ge crystals in 60 triple-clusters

• Digital electronics and sophisticated Pulse Shape Analysis algorithms allow
• Operation of Ge detectors in position sensitive mode Æ γ-ray tracking
 Idea of γ-ray tracking
Compton Shielded Ge large opening angle
εph ~ 10% means poor energy
resolution at high
Ndet ~ 100
Ω ~40% θ ~ 8º recoil velocity.

Previously we had to waste scattered gammas.

Technology is available now to track them..
θ ~ 3º
Ge Tracking Array Combination of:
•segmented detectors
εph ~ 50% •digital electronics
Ndet ~ 100 •pulse processing
Ω ~80% θ ~ 1º •tracking the γ-rays
 Idea of γ-ray tracking
Large Gamma Arrays based on Tracking Arrays based on
Compton Suppressed Spectrometers Position Sensitive Ge Detectors

EUROBALL GAMMASPHERE AGATA GRETA

ε ∼ 10 — 5 % ε ∼ 40 — 20 %
( Mγ=1 — Mγ=30) ( Mγ=1 — Mγ=30)

Exogam, Miniball, SeGa: optimized for Doppler correction at low γ-multiplicitiy Æ ε up to 20%
 Future Developments in Spectroscopy Instrumentation in Europe

Euroball

JUROGAM, GREAT, JYFL

RISING, GSI
CLARA, LNL

Radioactive beam spectroscopy

EXOGAM, SPIRAL, Ganil MINIBALL, RexIsolde
Segmentation
Encapsulation
Position
determination from
pulse shape analysis
•Gamma-ray tracking
TMR EU collaboration
AGATA
Tracking requires:
Good position determination from
Digital pulse processing

Previous/current projects:

EU Vth Framework TMR `Development of γ–ray tracking detectors’ (6 EU countries)

Miniball and Exogam (European collaborations)

Mars, Italy

UK Instrumentation grant ‘Digital Pulse Processing and γ–ray tracking’ (Liverpool, Surrey, Daresbury)

GRETA, USA

Proved that position resolution can be achieved, tracking algorithms developed,

Highly segmented detectors developed

Next step

Build a sub array of few highly segmented detectors, prove tracking in real situations
Scale up to full array, fund full array

AGATA Europe 12 countries, 46 laboratories Research and Development Phase

Funding approved in France, Germany, Italy, UK, Sweden and turkey.

GRETA U.S.A. Funded for development modules GRETINA U.S.A. Funded for 30 crystals
 The AGATA Collaboration
MoU 2003 Research and Development

Bulgaria: Sofia
Denmark: Copenhagen
Finland: Jyväskylä
France: GANIL, Lyon, Orsay, Saclay, Strasbourg
Germany: Berlin, Bonn, GSI, Darmstadt, Jülich, Köln, München
Hungary: Debrecen
Italy: Padova, Milano, LNL, Firenze, Camerino, Napoli, Genova
Poland: Krakow, Swierk, Warsaw
Romania: Bucharest
Sweden: Lund, Stockholm, Uppsala
Turkey:
Turkey Ankara, Istanbul
UK: Daresbury, Brighton, Liverpool, Manchester,
Paisley, Surrey, York
 AGATA Organisation
AGATA Steering Committee
Chairperson J.Gerl, Vice Chairperson, W.Korten (and EURONS)
G.deAngelis, A.Atac, F. Azaiez, D.Balabanski, D.Bucurescu, B.Cederwall,
J.Jolie, R.Julin, W.Meczynski, P.J.Nolan, M.Pignanelli, G.Sletten, P.M.Walker

AGATA Management Board

J.Simpson (Project Manager)
D.Bazzacco, G.Duchêne, J.Eberth, A.Gadea, R.Krücken, J.Nyberg

AGATA Working Groups

Detector Ancillary
Detector Data Design and Simulation and
Performance detectors
module Processing Infrastructure Data Analysis
R.Krücken and integration
J.Eberth D.Bazzacco G. Duchêne J.Nyberg
A.Gadea
AGATA Teams

Detector and PSA Digitisation Mechanical Elec. and DAQ Gamma-ray

Cryostat R.Gernhaeuser/ P.Medina design integration Tracking
A. Linnemann P.Desesquelles K.Fayz/J.Simpson Ch. Theisen A.Lopez-Martens
Preamplifiers Detector Pre-processing Infrastructure Devices for key Physics & expt.
A.Pullia Characterisation I.Lazarus P.Jones Experiments simulation
A.Boston N.Redon E.Farnea
Global clock and R & D on gamma Impact on Detector
Trigger Detectors performance data base
M.Bellato D.Curien M.Palacz K.Hauschild

Data acquisition Mechanical Data analysis

X.Grave Integration O.Stezowski
J. Valiente Dobon

Run Control
& GUI
G.Maron
 The First Step:
The AGATA Demonstrator
Objective of the final R&D phase 2003-2008

1 symmetric triple-cluster
5 asymmetric triple-clusters
36-fold segmented crystals
540 segments
555 digital-channels
Eff. 3 – 8 % @ Mγ = 1
Eff. 2 – 4 % @ Mγ = 30
Full ACQ
with on line PSA and γ-ray tracking

Cost ~ 7 M €
 The AGATA
RESEARCH and DEVELOPMENT PHASE
•Develop 36 fold segmented encapsulated detector of right shape

•Develop cryostat for groups “clusters” of these detectors

•Develop digital electronics (700 channels)

•Finalise signal algorithms for energy, position and time

•Develop tracking algorithms

•Build demonstration unit to prove tracking in real situations

•Write technical proposal for full array

 Ingredients of γ-Tracking
4
1
Identified Reconstruction of tracks
Highly segmented interaction e.g. by evaluation of
HPGe detectors points permutations
(x,y,z,E,t)i of interaction points
γ
·

Pulse Shape Analysis 3 e3

·

to decompose
e1
θ1
·

Eγ Eγ
recorded waves 0 1 2 2
Eγ
1 θ2
e2

2 3
Digital electronics
to record and
process segment
signals

reconstructed γ-rays
AGATA Detectors

Hexaconical Ge crystals
90 mm long
80 mm max diameter
36 segments
Al encapsulation 3 encapsulated crystals
0.6 mm spacing 111 preamplifiers with cold FET
0.8 mm thickness ~230 vacuum feedthroughs
37 vacuum feedthroughs LN2 dewar, 3 litre, cooling power ~8 watts
 AGATA Prototypes
• Symmetric detectors
– 3 ordered, Italy, Germany
– 3 delivered
– Acceptance tests in Koln
– work very well
Results very good:

36 outer contacts
0.9-1.1keV at 60keV and 1.9-2.1keV
at 1.3MeV

Core
1.2keV at 60keV and 2.1keV at 1.3MeV

Cross talk less than 10-3

 Acceptance tests on prototypes
2,50

GSI 002 Core FWHM:

Mean(1.3MeV)=1.98keV at 1.3MeV : 2.08keV
2,00 at 122keV : 1.19keV

1,50

Reihe1
FWHM at 1.3MeV
Reihe2
FWHM at 60keV
1,00

0,50
Mean(60keV)=1.07keV

0,00
 AGATA Prototypes
Scan of first in Liverpool done
Assembly of triple cryostat (CTT)
Cluster in beam test Cologne
Second Scan in progress at Liverpool

First triple
cryostat
in Cologne
Asymmetric detectors for the 180 geometry
– 9 ordered in 2004
– 6 to be ordered in 2006
– 4 delivered, 2 specification not reached
– 1 accepted, 1 to be tested
In-beam test
University of Cologne 29th August-11th September 2005
d(47Ti,48Ti)p @ 2.3 MeV
48Ti at 6%

Triple symmetric cluster plus annular Si detector set-up

Goal: Validation of pulse-shape

analysis codes under realistic
experimental conditions
AGATA Design and Construction
Segment level processing: energy, time
Detector level processing: trigger, time, PSA
Global level processing: event building, tracking, software trigger, data storage
 Digitiser module
36+1 channels, 100 Mhz, 14 bits
(Strasbourg - Daresbury – Liverpool)

• Mounted close to the Detector 5-10 m

• Power Dissipation around 400W
• Water Cooling

2 boxes per crystal Prototype Segment Board

 Data Link Test

- Pseudo Random Sequence using 16 bits. All six channels operating.

- Transmit Alignment data, then start sequence. Each channel different start.
- Receive using XC2VP20 board. Alignment, load first word, then shift
and check against new data. Output statistics and status to terminal every 5 seconds.
- All six channels run well. Average two data faults per channel per 24 hours over
Five days. Sensitive to clock distribution from LeCroy generators.
 Pre-processing modules (E,T, hits, …)
(Orsay – Daresbury)
3 X 2 Carriers 3 X 2 Carriers ATCA standard :
1 cluster 1 cluster “full mesh” communication
with Gbit Ethernet or
1,5U
PCIexpress switches

8U 1513 11 9 7 5 3 1 2 4 6 8 101214 16

14U

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

4,5U

21’’ Segment preprocessing

1 ATCA crate for 2 clusters
mezzanine for 6 channels
(6 Ge crystals, 222 channels)
 TOOLS

Clock Distribution Trial Laser Board

Slow Control Waveform Generator

TNT2 FADC
Comunication Tests Board 6x16 bits 400MHz (2006)
 Global Trigger System (GTS)
(Padova – Legnaro)

GTS Pre-Proc. mezzanine

One per detector Trigger processor layout
(also for ancillaries) For up to 12 detectors
 Status of the AGATA project

• Next steps
– General discussion at the next AGATA week:
Liverpool, June 6-9
– Characterising the first prototype Ge detectors
– Testing the first electronics and DAQ prototype
boards
• Milestones and deliverables for 2006
– Ge detector prototype characterized
– Pulse-shape analysis algorithms optimised
– Gamma-ray tracking algorithms optimised
– Electronics and DAQ prototypes
• Ready for Demonstrator by fall 2007
 Status and Evolution
• Demonstrator ready in 2007
• Next phases discussion 2005-2006
• New LoI for construction phase 2005
• New MoU and bids for funds in 2007
• Start construction in 2008
• Rate of construction depends on
production capability
• Stages of physics exploitation, facility
development
The Phases of AGATA-180

55 πClusters
1π
54Clusters
Array
3
 The Phases of AGATA 1
5 Clusters 2007
Demonstrator
Peak efficiency
3 – 8 % @ Mγ = 1
2 – 4 % @ Mγ = 30

Replace/Complement

Main issue is Doppler GSI FRS RISING

correction capability LNL PRISMA CLARA
Æ coupling to beam and GANIL VAMOS EXOGAM
recoil tracking devices JYFL RITU JUROGAM
ILL
Improve resolution at higher recoil velocity
Extend spectroscopy to more exotic nuclei
 The Phases of AGATA 2
15 Clusters
1π
50

Efficiency (%)
Solid Angle (%)
45
Efficiency M = 1

40 Efficiency M = 10
Efficiency M = 20
35 Efficiency M = 30

30

25

20

15

10

0
β = 10 β =2 0.5
The first “real” tracking array
Used at FAIR-HISPEC, SPIRAL2, SPES, ECOS
Coupled to spectrometer, beam tracker, LCP arrays …
Spectroscopy at the N=Z (100Sn), n-drip line nuclei, …
 The Phases of AGATA 3
45 Clusters
3π

Efficient as a 120-ball (~20 % at high γ-multiplicity)

Ideal instrument for FAIR / EURISOL
Also used as partial arrays in different labs
Higher performance by coupling with ancillaries
 The Phases of AGATA 4
60 Clusters
4π

Full ball, ideal to study extreme deformations

and the most exotic nuclear species
Most of the time used as partial arrays
Maximum performance by coupling to ancillaries
Commissioning and first phases
• Bids to host demonstrator presented to community at
IReS in November 2005
• ASC in January 2006 accepted these bids.
• Decision to site demonstrator at Legnaro for
commissioning in 2007
• First physics campaign at Legnaro in 2008
• Further campaigns (from 2009) at GANIL, GSI, ILL, …
• LoI for construction phase signed in 2005
to allow bids for new funds from 2006 (D, …)
• MoU for AGATA construction ready in 2007
• Start construction in 2008, 1π in possible in 2011
• Support in FP7?
 Commissioning of the Demonstrator
Peak efficiency
3 – 8 % @ Mγ = 1
2nd half of 2007
2 – 4 % @ Mγ = 30

AD + PRISMA (ADP)
LEGNARO
6 weeks beam time agreed with LNL
Collaborative effort
Followed by a physics programme
 AGATA + VAMOS + EXOGAM
GANIL

Range of beams, Fragmentaion, SPIRAL I, II, direct beam

N-rich nuclei, high spins, SHE
Experimental opportunities for in-beam spectroscopy at GSI-FAIR:
Intermediate energies (50-200 MeV/u):

AGATA demonstrator -> 1 π (+RISING) ~2010

FRS-SFRS

Experimental methods:
- Coulomb excitation
- knock-out
- fragmentation

Beam intensities: 101...105 particle/s

(target: ~300 mg/cm2)

Concentrate on the unique features of GSI-FAIR

 AGATA @ ILL

Fission fragment, n-γ spectroscopy

Huge number of nuclei (many new)

γ-γ-γ coincs,
n-rich A 80-95 nuclei, nuclei near 132Sn, fission process
 The Fourth AGATA Week

6-9th June 2006

Liverpool

http://ns.ph.liv.ac.uk/agata/

All welcome
Talks from last AGATA week:
http://ireswww.in2p3.fr/ires/workshops/agata_week/

AGATA web page

http://www.gsi.de/agata/
The Management
Thanks