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    SP 2.3c - Dissection of A Mammalian Heart

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    Pinu Catto
    This document provides instructions for dissecting a mammalian heart. It begins with an introduction to the heart's four chambers and circulation. The dissection procedure involves external and internal examination of the heart's chambers, valves and blood vessels. Precautions are outlined for safe use of sharp tools. Labelled diagrams of the external and internal heart structure are a required part of the dissection.

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    SP 2.3c - Dissection of A Mammalian Heart

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    Pinu Catto
    30 views4 pages
    This document provides instructions for dissecting a mammalian heart. It begins with an introduction to the heart's four chambers and circulation. The dissection procedure involves external and internal examination of the heart's chambers, valves and blood vessels. Precautions are outlined for safe use of sharp tools. Labelled diagrams of the external and internal heart structure are a required part of the dissection.

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    SP 2.3c - Dissection of a Mammalian Heart

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    This document provides instructions for dissecting a mammalian heart. It begins with an introduction to the heart's four chambers and circulation. The dissection procedure involves external and internal examination of the heart's chambers, valves and blood vessels. Precautions are outlined for safe use of sharp tools. Labelled diagrams of the external and internal heart structure are a required part of the dissection.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views4 pages

    SP 2.3c - Dissection of A Mammalian Heart

    Uploaded by

    Pinu Catto
    This document provides instructions for dissecting a mammalian heart. It begins with an introduction to the heart's four chambers and circulation. The dissection procedure involves external and internal examination of the heart's chambers, valves and blood vessels. Precautions are outlined for safe use of sharp tools. Labelled diagrams of the external and internal heart structure are a required part of the dissection.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    WJEC Wales Biology A Level

    SP 2.3c: Dissection of a mammalian


    heart
    Practical notes

    www.pmt.education
    Introduction

    The mammalian heart is a ​muscular pump​ that pushes blood around the body. It consists of ​four
    chambers​ and associated ​blood vessels​. The left and right side of the heart is separated by a
    muscular wall, the ​septum​. Recall the structure of the heart in the diagram below:

    Dissections are essential to the understanding of​ internal processes​ within organs such as the
    heart.

    Equipment

    ● Mammalian heart
    ● Dissection board
    ● Scalpel
    ● Mounted needle
    ● Scissors
    ● Fine forceps
    ● Glass rod
    ● Paper towels
    ● Disinfectant
    ● Non-latex disposable gloves

    www.pmt.education
    Risk assessment

    Hazard Risk Precaution Emergency

    Sharp tools Cuts Direction of cut away from Elevate cuts and
    e.g. scalpel, the body; do not attempt to apply pressure; wash
    scissors change blade; keep minor cuts in cold
    scalpel away from the water; seek medical
    edge of the desk assistance

    Mounted Pricking skin Hold with pointed end Seek medical advice
    needle downwards; keep away
    from the edge of the desk

    Biohazard Contamination Cover any cuts; wear Seek medical advice


    disposable gloves
    (optional); wash hands
    after handling heart; use
    disinfectant

    Disinfectant Flammable Make sure that there are Put out small fires
    no naked flames in the with a damp cloth;
    room evacuate the building

    Method

    External examination

    1. Place your fingers inside of the ​four chambers​ of the heart. Note the differences in the wall
    thicknesses. ​The left ventricle is much thicker than the right ventricle because it must pump
    blood a further distance - it must generate a greater force of contraction so that blood can
    be pumped at a higher pressure. The ventricle walls are also thicker than those of the atria.

    2. Identify the ​associated blood vessels​: aorta, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, inferior
    and superior vena cava. ​Arteries are thicker and more rubbery than veins​.

    3. Look into the arteries and try to identify the ​semilunar valves​. ​These are located at their
    bases. ​Use forceps to locate the ​atrioventricular valves​.

    4. Locate the ​coronary artery​ on the external surface. ​This is highly branched and runs
    diagonally across the surface​. Identify where it joins the ​aorta​.

    5. Draw a labelled scientific diagram of the ​external​ structure.

    www.pmt.education
    Internal examination

    1. Using scissors, cut through the wall of the left atrium down to the ​apex​ of the left ventricle.

    2. Open up the left atrium and left ventricle. Identify the ​bicuspid valve​ (​bi - two flaps) ​and
    observe the heart strings, ​chordae tendinae​. ​These are attached to the muscular wall of
    the left ventricle and prevent the inversion of the bicuspid valve​. Locate the ​semi-lunar
    valve​.

    3. Use a glass rod to follow the path of ​blood flow​: via the pulmonary vein, left atrium and
    through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle; via the left ventricle through the semilunar
    valve and out of the aorta.

    4. Note the muscular surface of the ventricle chambers which ensures smooth blood flow.

    5. Repeat steps 1 to 3 for the ​right​ side. Identify the ​tricuspid valve​ (​tri - three flaps).

    6. Draw a labelled scientific diagram of the ​internal​ structure.

    Tips for labelled scientific drawings

    ● Drawing should fill at least half of the provided space


    ● Only draw what you can see
    ● Use a ​sharp pencil
    ● Ensure lines are ​single​, ​complete​ and ​non-overlapping
    ● Do ​not​ use shading or colour
    ● Create ​straight lines​ for labels using a ruler
    ● Lines should ​not​ intersect
    ● Label lines should ​not​ have arrow heads
    ● Include a ​scale
    ● Include a ​magnification
    ● Include a ​title

    www.pmt.education

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