Shounter Volume III, Section - 4

Shounter HPP Tender Documents
Volume-III, Section-4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
4. ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................... 1

4.1. SCOPE ............................................................................................................ 1
4.2. RELATED SECTIONS .................................................................................... 1
4.3. GENERATOR AND EXCITATION SYSTEM................................................... 1
4.3.1 General.............................................................................................. 1
4.3.2 Standards and Characteristics .......................................................... 2
4.3.3 General Description of Synchronous Machines ................................ 3
4.3.3.1 Frame ............................................................................... 3
4.3.3.2 Stator ................................................................................ 4
4.3.3.3 Rotor ................................................................................. 5
4.3.3.4 Bearings and Oil Lubrication System................................ 6
4.3.3.5 Air Cooler .......................................................................... 6
4.3.3.6 MV Terminal Box .............................................................. 6
4.3.3.7 Accessories ...................................................................... 7
4.3.4 Excitation System.............................................................................. 7
4.3.4.1 General Requirements...................................................... 7
4.3.4.2 Thyristor Converter ........................................................... 8
4.3.4.3 Field Supression Equipment ........................................... 10
4.3.4.4 Excitation Control............................................................ 10
4.3.4.5 Excitation System Cubicles............................................. 12
4.3.4.6 Main Excitation Connections........................................... 12
4.3.4.7 Excitation Auxiliary Equipment........................................ 13
4.3.4.8 Excitation Power Transformer......................................... 14
4.4. GENERATOR MV EQUIPMENT ................................................................... 15
4.4.1 General............................................................................................ 15
4.4.2 Scope of Works ............................................................................... 15
4.4.3 Design and Manufacture ................................................................. 16
4.4.3.1 Technical Recommendations and Standards ................. 16
4.4.3.2 General Characteristics .................................................. 16
4.5. POWER TRANSFORMERS.......................................................................... 18
4.5.1 General............................................................................................ 18
4.5.2 Characteristics................................................................................. 18
4.5.2.2 Insulation ........................................................................ 19
4.5.3 Oil Storage ...................................................................................... 19
4.5.4 Installation and Connection ............................................................. 19
4.5.5.1 Technical Recommendations and Standards ................. 20
4.5.5.2 Details ............................................................................. 21
4.6. 132 kV SWITCHGEAR .................................................................................. 25
4.6.1 General............................................................................................ 25
4.6.2 132 KV Circuit Breakers .................................................................. 25
4.6.2.1 Standards and Codes.................................................................................... 32
4.6.3 Surge Arresters ............................................................................... 32
4.6.4 Tests................................................................................................ 32
4.7. STATION AUXILIARY TRANSFORMERS .................................................... 33
4.7.1 General............................................................................................ 33
4.7.1.2 Accessories .................................................................... 33
4.8. LOW VOLTAGE AC DISTRIBUTION SWITCHBOARD ................................ 34
4.8.1 Description ...................................................................................... 34
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4.8.2.1 Standards and Codes ..................................................... 34
4.8.2.3 Operation ........................................................................ 35
4.9. LOW VOLTAGE DC CHARGER RECTIFIER, BATTERIES AND
SWITCHBOARDS ......................................................................................... 36
4.9.1 General............................................................................................ 36
4.9.2 Description ...................................................................................... 36
4.9.3 General Characteristics................................................................... 36
4.9.3.1 Batteries.......................................................................... 36
4.9.3.2 Battery Chargers............................................................. 36
4.9.3.3 Switchboards, Sub-distribution Boards & Panel Boards . 37
4.9.4 Batteries & Battery Chargers in General ......................................... 37
4.9.5 Chargers / Rectifiers........................................................................ 38
4.9.5.1 Normal Automatic Operation........................................... 39
4.9.5.2 Direct Operation without Battery ..................................... 39
4.9.6 Inverter ............................................................................................ 39
4.9.6.1 Main Technical Data ....................................................... 39
4.9.7 Distribution Boards .......................................................................... 40
4.9.7.1 Equipment....................................................................... 40
4.9.7.2 Components ................................................................... 41
4.9.7.3 Metering and Signaling ................................................... 41
4.10. ELECTRICAL AUXILIARIES ......................................................................... 41
4.10.1 Lighting............................................................................................ 41
4.10.1.1 Normal and Emergency Lighting..................................... 41
4.10.1.2 Safety Lighting ................................................................ 42
4.10.1.3 Principle of Lighting Apparatus energizing...................... 42
4.10.1.4 Lighting Apparatus .......................................................... 42
4.10.1.5 Illumination Levels .......................................................... 42
4.10.1.6 Socket Outlets ................................................................ 43
4.10.1.7 Earthing .......................................................................... 43
4.10.1.8 Cabling............................................................................ 43
4.10.2 Fire Alarm and Protection System................................................... 44
4.10.2.1 Step-up Transformer Fire Protection System ................. 44
4.10.2.2 Fire Alarm and Protection System .................................. 45
4.10.2.3 Fire Extinguishers ........................................................... 46
4.11. POWER STATION CONTROL...................................................................... 46
4.11.1 General............................................................................................ 46
4.11.2 Power Plant Control System, Architecture ...................................... 46
4.11.2.1 Control Levels ................................................................. 46
4.11.2.2 Control Level Redundancy, Generating Units................. 47
4.11.2.3 Local Control................................................................... 48
4.11.2.4 Station Control System (SCS) ........................................ 48
4.11.2.5 Power Supply Systems ................................................... 48
4.11.2.6 Engineering..................................................................... 48
4.11.2.7 References ..................................................................... 49
4.11.3 Extent of Supply .............................................................................. 49
4.11.3.1 Local Control Units (LCUs) for Generating Units ............ 49
4.11.3.2 Local Control Unit for Station Supply System and
Auxiliaries ....................................................................... 52
4.11.3.3 Other Equipment............................................................. 53
4.11.3.4 Station Control System ................................................... 53
4.11.4 Technical Requirements.................................................................. 55
4.11.4.1 Location .......................................................................... 55
4.11.4.2 Documentation................................................................ 56
4.11.4.3 Over Voltage Protection.................................................. 57
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4.11.4.4 Local Control Units.......................................................... 57

4.11.4.5 Programmable Logical Controllers (PLC) ....................... 58
4.11.4.6 Manual Control Board ..................................................... 59
4.11.4.7 Signal Interface ............................................................... 60
4.11.4.8 Measuring Converters .................................................... 61
4.11.4.9 LCU 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 for the Generating Units............. 62
4.11.4.10 Station Supply System (LCU 7) ...................................... 64
4.11.4.11 Station Control Systems ................................................. 65
4.11.4.12 Process Computers ........................................................ 68
4.11.4.13 Workstations ................................................................... 68
4.11.4.14 Printers ........................................................................... 69
4.11.4.15 Personal Computer (PC)................................................. 69
4.11.4.16 Fiber Optical Communication System............................. 70
4.11.4.17 Fiber Optical Cables ....................................................... 70
4.11.5 Tests................................................................................................ 71
4.11.5.1 General ........................................................................... 71
4.11.5.2 Factory Tests .................................................................. 71
4.11.5.3 Site Tests, Commissioning and Test on Completion ...... 71
4.12. PROTECTION SYSTEM ............................................................................... 71
4.12.1 General............................................................................................ 71
4.12.2 References ...................................................................................... 72
4.12.3 Extent of Supply .............................................................................. 72
4.12.3.1 Generator Protection ...................................................... 72
4.12.3.2 Main Transformer Protection .......................................... 73
4.12.3.3 132 kV Lines / Feeder Protection.................................... 73
4.12.3.4 Auxiliary Transformer Protections................................... 74
4.12.3.5 Tools and Accessories.................................................... 74
4.12.4.1 Protection Equipment ..................................................... 74
4.12.4.2 Fault Clearance Time ..................................................... 75
4.12.4.3 Overcurrent Relays ......................................................... 75
4.12.4.4 Differential Current Relays.............................................. 75
4.12.4.5 Reverse Power Relay ..................................................... 76
4.12.4.6 Negative Sequence Relay .............................................. 76
4.12.4.7 Overvoltage Relay .......................................................... 76
4.12.4.8 Rotor Earth Fault Relay .................................................. 76
4.12.4.9 Transformer Neutral Earth Fault Relay ........................... 76
4.12.4.10 Loss of Excitation Relay (Field Failure Relay) ................ 76
4.12.4.11 Stator Earth Fault Relay.................................................. 77
4.12.4.12 Over-Excitation Relay ..................................................... 77
4.12.4.13 Overcurrent and Earth Fault Relays for 132 kV Line
Protection........................................................................ 77
4.12.4.14 Hydraulic Detectors......................................................... 77
4.12.4.15 Miscellaneous Apparatus................................................ 78
4.13. CABLES, CABLES TRAYS, GROUNDING................................................... 78
4.13.1 Power and Control Cables .............................................................. 78
4.13.1.1 General ........................................................................... 78
4.13.1.2 Main Technical Characteristics ....................................... 78
4.13.2 Medium Voltage Cable 11 kV.......................................................... 79
4.13.3 Medium Voltage Cable 3.3 kV (if required) ..................................... 79
4.13.4 Low Voltage Cable .......................................................................... 80
4.13.5 Control Cable .................................................................................. 80
4.13.6 Metering and Protection Circuits Cable........................................... 81
4.13.7 Measuring Cable ............................................................................. 81
4.13.8 Telephone Cable ............................................................................. 81
4.13.9 Cable Trays ..................................................................................... 82
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4.13.9.1 Technical Description ..................................................... 82

4.13.10 Admissible Loads ............................................................................ 83
4.13.11 Grounding........................................................................................ 83
4.13.11.1 General ........................................................................... 83
4.13.11.2 Technical Description ..................................................... 84
4.14. TELEPHONE SYSTEM ................................................................................. 85
4.14.1 General............................................................................................ 85
4.14.2 Operational Requirements .............................................................. 86
4.14.4 DPABX Configuration...................................................................... 87
4.14.5 System Interface for Remote Administration................................... 87
4.14.6 Software Features ........................................................................... 88
4.14.7 Call Recording and Billing System .................................................. 90
4.14.8 Uninterruptible Power Supply System............................................. 91
4.14.9 Attendant Console........................................................................... 92
4.14.10 Digital Telephones (Option)............................................................. 92
4.14.11 Voice Mail/Automated Attendant System (Option) .......................... 93
4.14.12 Provision to Connect with External Applications ............................. 93
4.14.13 Equipment Installation ..................................................................... 94
4.14.14 System Commissioning and Testing ............................................... 94
4.14.15 Training ........................................................................................... 94
4.14.16 Documentation ................................................................................ 94
4.14.17 Cables, Conduits and Accessories.................................................. 95
4.14.18 Installation ....................................................................................... 95
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4. ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1. SCOPE
This section of the specifications covers the technical requirements for the
design, manufacture, supply, erection, testing and commissioning of six
generators and all associated auxiliaries, electrical, protection, metering,
instrumentation and control equipment, complete in all respects for Shounter
Hydropower Project.
4.2. RELATED SECTIONS
Except as otherwise specified the works under this section shall comply with the
requirements of the following:
• Volume I, Section VI: Special Provisions
• Volume III, Section 1: General Structural and Mechanical Requirements
• Volume III, Section 2: General Electrical Requirements
4.3. GENERATOR AND EXCITATION SYSTEM
4.3.1 General
The generator shall be suitable for direct connection to a vertical axis Francis
turbine.
The generators, excitation equipment and auxiliaries shall be designed,

constructed and tested in accordance with IEC Standards unless otherwise
stated herein.
All parts of the generators and the connections there to shall be designed to
withstand the mechanical and electrical forces due to a rated voltage 3-phase
short circuit at the generator terminals, without incurring any damage.
Each generator shall be furnished as follows:
• one generator including stator with frame
• a rotor
• two generator guide bearings
• one flywheel, to be sized to fit the required total inertia
• one generator rotor shaft
• one excitation and voltage regulation system
• one MV terminal box
1
• one permanent magnet generator for measuring rotation speed for governor
• one generator neutral grounding transformer with resistor and CT.
The fly wheel shall be sized to fit the required total inertia.
Turbine-generator shaft shall be designed in order that the first critical speed
of the shaft shall be atleast 10 % greater than over-speed. Calculation of the
generator-turbine shaft shall be provided by the Contractor during Project
Execution.
The generator and the guide bearings shall be bolted on a baseplates

anchored in the concrete.
4.3.2 Standards and Characteristics
Applicable Standard IEC 60034

Max. ambient temperature 30° C
Min. ambient temperature -3° C
Insulation class:
Stator / Rotor / Excitation F/ F / F
Temperature rise class:
Stator /Rotor /Excitation B/ B/ B
Enclosure protection IP 23
Cooling system water cooled
Type of rotor Cylindrical +laminated damping
Excitation system Static UPS controlled with TCRs
AVR accuracy ± 0.5 %
AVR set point adjustment ±10 %
Shaft end 1 flange
Coupling type Direct
Bearings 2 guide bearings
Lubrication Oil Self lubricated + Water coil cooling
Terminal box 11 kV
Number of units 6
Rated power, kW / kVA 8000/9412
Max over capacity 10% of rated power
Rated voltage, kV 11
2
Voltage variation ± 10%

Rated frequency 50 Hz
Power factor 0.85
Rated speed, rpm 750
Over speed, rpm -
Over speed duration min 10
Moment of Inertia kg m2
a. Generator to be specified
b. Flywheel to be specified
c. Turbine to be specified
Total (kg m2 ) a+b+c
Stator Weight (kg) to be specified

Rotor with shaft (heaviest part) kg to be specified
Auxiliaries (kg) to be specified
Flywheel (kg) to be specified
External bearing shaft (kg) to be specified
Total weight all of the above
4.3.3 General Description of Synchronous Machines
4.3.3.1 Frame
The frame shall be a fabricated rigid unit which positions and protects the
sheeting and the stator winding, and which centres and fastens the end
shields. The frame shall be made up of an armature constituted of thick flat
sheets set perpendicular to the central axis, the end sheets being cut and
machined in order to allow fitting of the end shields and of the cross-bars
connecting these sheets. They take the centering rings of the stator sheeting.
Thin partition plates shall leave room for the ventilation chambers on each side
of the stator. An outer casing shall ensure rigidity and shall protect the unit.
Openings shall be provided for cables, reinforcements for fixing the terminal
boxes and various accessories.
3
The fixation lugs shall be made out of thick plates located longitudinally on the
lower part of the frame. These lugs shall allow the fixation of the machines on
its base plate with the help of fixing screws and shall be provided for
positioning pins. One of the fixing lugs shall have a threaded hole for
earthing.
4.3.3.2 Stator
The magnetic circuit of the stator shall be made of thin low loss silicon steel
sheets varnish-coated. The steel sheets shall be stacked up and separated
by cooling channels. They shall be press-fitted and firmly maintained with the
help of tightening plates located at both ends.
Evenly distributed slots opening towards the bore of the sheeting shall be
designed in order to receive the stator coil. After they have been cut, sheets
shall be fettled and varnish-coated so as to avoid short-circuits at the level of
the sheets, thus reducing additional losses.
Sheets shall be divided into bundles and separated by spacers in order to

leave room for ventilation channels; the later shall be numerous enough to
avoid the creation of hot-spots. The sheet-bundles / spaces unit shall be
pressed between two tightening plates.
These two tightening-plates shall be linked with the help of bars distributed
around their circumference and welded into the plates.
The stator winding shall be made of the high-conduction copper and divided
into elementary conductors of the size which shall be the smallest possible, so
that additional losses at the level of slots are negligible.
Winding insulation shall be realised with the help of class F quality materials
adopted to the thermo-hardening insulation process. A tape-winding process
shall be provided for the insulation process. A tape-winding process shall also
be provided for the insulation of inductors.
The stator winding shall receive an anti-flash-discharge protection. When the

inductors have been placed, the magnetic-circuit / stator-winding unit shall be
treated under vacuum before it is impregnated with varnish. Varnish
impregnation shall be improved shortly after when the unit is pressure fed with
nitrogen; such improved varnish impregnation especially at the level of the
windings. After impregnation and polymerisation, the stator winding is coated
with a finish-varnish.
The inlet of the various phases shall be concentrated in a terminal box.

Neutral can be brought to the terminal box.
4
The extinguishing water tubes shall be provided near the front and rear ends of
the stator coil, and it can auto-extinguish or hand- extinguish when there is fire
alarm. Two coils for temperature measuring shall be embedded in stator core
slots for each phase respectively for measuring temperature of stator cores
and coils.
4.3.3.3 Rotor
The rotor shall consist of main shaft, magnetic yoke, poles, fans, etc. The
main shaft shall be made of steel forging. The shaft and magnetic yoke will be
shrunken into an integral part for transmitting torque. The main shaft shall be
of enough strength and rigidity to operate safely at any speed up to the
maximum runaway speed without detrimental vibration or objectionable
deformation and to operate at the rated speed and maximum output without
exceeding the maximum allowable stresses specified.
The cores of pole shall be laminated with stamping of 1.5 mm thick high
strength steel plate. The field coil shall be wound with flat copper wires and
shall be thermoset into an integral part in definite shape after epoxy glass
tapes are set between turns. There shall be enough insulation dielectric
strength for coils even though under the effect of centrifugal force at limit
runaway speed. The coil supporting blocks shall be fixed between poles when
the tangential force of coils bearing is bigger in order to prevent any damage
of pole coils by excessive deformation. Axial and peripheral damping
windings shall be provided on the pole shoes. F grade insulation shall be
adopted for rotor coils and maximum allowable temperature rise shall be
limited to class B temperature rise.
Axial flow fan blades shall be installed on front and rear side of magnetic yoke.
Cold air will get into fans from front and rear covers. Some part shall cool the
end part of coils directly, other will be pressed into poles then to go into the
ventilation ducts and cool stator core and middle part of stator coils. The hot air
will enter into the air cooler by means of the outlet in the bottom of frame. After
cooled, the cold air will divide into two paths to go into the interior of generator
through the air passage at two ends of generator.
Piston type brakes shall be provided for the generator. When putting the
machine into a stoppage, and when the speed drops to approx 35% of the
rated speed, the brakes shall automatically put into continuous operation.
Brakes shall be fixed on the bottom frame.
5
4.3.3.4 Bearings and Oil Lubrication System
The two pedestal type guide bearings shall be installed on the same common
bottom frame to support the generator rotating part. Both of them shall be of
compound type lubrication. The circulation oil path in bearings shall be
smooth enough for cooling and lubricating. Oil condition can be viewed
through the plexiglass observing hole fixed on bearing cover. Oil quantity and
pressure can be regulated by throttle valve connected to the pipe line and
pressure gauge with electric contacts. Oil cooler, pump unit and sump are to
be provided for the oil circulation. After the hot oil returns to sump, it will be
cooled by coolers and again pumped up to the pipe line, then forced into the
two bearings. It will lubricate the bearings and bring away the heat while
circulating. The thermometers shall be provided in the front and rear bearing,
each with three electric contacts. They will be used to indicate bearing
temperatures and give out stopping and protective signals.
Both pedestal type bearings shall be insulated against ground to prevent

bearing pad metals from being burnt by shaft current.
4.3.3.5 Air Cooler
Spring type air cooler shall consist of several rows of wing tubes. After the
radiating windings are heated, its heat will be transferred by the cooling water
within the cooling tubes. The temperature of air shall not exceed 35°C after
cooled.
The maximum admitting temperature of cooling water for air cooler shall not
exceed 25°C, and the pressure of cooling water shall not be more than
0.2 MPa.
The air admitting port of air cooler shall be provided with a resistance
temperature detector (RTD) and a temperature transmitter for measuring
temperature of the cooling air. A RTD and a temperature transmitter shall be
provided for the air exhausting port of air cooler, used for measuring
temperature of the hot air.
Air cooler shall be fixed to the bottom of stator frame. There shall be 4 wheels
in the air cooler. When overhauling, it shall be capable of being moved over
to the pit manhole along the slideway and for lifting out from here.
4.3.3.6 MV Terminal Box
The MV terminal box shall be designed and manufactured to include the

following:
• A terminal casing secured by bolts to a boss of the frame, with interposition

of an intermediate frame.
6
• A cover secured by bolts to the casing.
• A seal to insure tightness between cover and casing.
• An outlet plate for adaptation of the stuffing boxes for the supply cables; this
plate shall be secured by screws on the casing, with interposition of a seal.
• An earthing terminal.
• Three connection bars and insulators.
4.3.3.7 Accessories
The generator shall be fitted with the control accessories as tachometer

system, anti condensation heaters, bearing RTD's and winding RTD's.
1. Tachometer system
A permanent magnet generator shall be provided for monitoring speed and
detecting set values for stopping, synchronising and over-speed. The system
shall include set of electronic modules with 220 V DC power supply. Wiring
between permanent generator magnet and modules shall be shielded and
earthed at the module.
2. Heating
Heating shall be provided under the stator to prevent condensation when the
generator is shutdown for prolonged periods. They shall be supplied with
three phase AC power and shall be automatically switched on by a thermostat
device when the generating set is stationary.
3. Temperature detectors
The number of RTDs used for stator winding and bearing temperature
measurement for each generator shall be 6 RTDs for stator winding and 1
RTD for each bearing.
4.3.4 Excitation System
4.3.4.1 General Requirements
The excitation system shall be static SCR type and shall be composed of:
• Static exciter.
• Excitation cubicle, complete with all the necessary equipment.
• Voltage regulating equipment with all necessary operating, control and

protective devices.
• Power supply / excitation transformer.
7
Automatic voltage control shall be static, preferably of digital type and

accomplished by the continuous comparison of the average three-phase
voltage of the generator with a reliable and stable reference voltage source
and the measured difference of the average generator terminal voltage from the
reference shall be used for control purpose. The automatic voltage regulator
shall continuously respond quickly to correct any change in generator voltage
and maintain the generator terminal voltage under steady load conditions,
within plus or minus one half percent (± 0.5 %) without hunting for any
excitation value within the normal operation range.
The voltage regulating equipment shall be designed for remote control, from
control room and shall provide the following functions:
• Control of the automatic voltage adjustment.
• Control of power factor adjustment.
• Change-over switching between automatic and manual channel.
• Control of exciter field circuit breaker.
• All necessary indicating equipment.
• All necessary protective and alarm functions/ devices.
It shall be possible to control the generator control voltage manually from the
control panel and automatically through AVR.
The function for parallel operation of hydro-generators shall be furnished. The

automatic voltage adjusting function shall have a range of voltage control from
10% below normal to 10 % above normal with all usual standard features.
Excitation system shall be provided with a follow-up circuit allowing bump less
switching from automatic to manual control and equipped with all usual
standard features.
4.3.4.2 Thyristor Converter
The converter shall comprise 3-phase bridge-connected, fully controlled,

thyristors. The unit shall be rated to provide an excess capacity of not less than
100% of that required for maximum continuous excitation. Converter sizing
calculations shall be furnished to the Engineer for approval.
The equipment shall be designed to withstand the maximum voltage rise on

load rejection.
Thyristors shall be forced air cooled. Filtered air shall be circulated by fans.
The cooling system shall be provided with 100% duplicate circulating fans,
with automatic change-over and all necessary alarms and indications.
8
The minimum protection for each converter shall be as follows:
• Thyristor overcurrent.
• Approved overcurrent protection in the form of specially designed HRC

fuses for each parallel circuit of all arms of the bridge shall be provided. The
overcurrent protection shall protect each thyristor in the event of an internal
thyristor short circuit and a short circuit at the dc load. Fuse failure
indication shall be provided in the cubicle. The Bidder shall include a
statement regarding the operation of the fuses in the event of a short circuit
on the output side of the transformer.
• Thyristor over temperature alarm.
• First thyristor failure (alarm).
• Second thyristor failure in the same.
• Bridge arm (alarm).
• Multiple thyristor failure trip.
• Voltage and current suppression.
• Voltage and current surge suppressors shall be provided. The suppressors

shall be designed and connected into the rectifier circuits in such a way that
the highest values of rate of change of voltage and current with time, to
which the thyristors may be subjected, will not endanger either the thyristors
or any other components of the rectifier. The maximum voltage surge to
which any thyristor may be subjected under any operating or fault condition
shall not exceed 80% of the peak transient inverse rating of the thyristor.
• Transient overvoltage protection
• The equipment shall withstand the maximum transient voltage pole slip
conditions or be fitted with suitable equipment to provide protection in the
form of a "crowbar" circuit which is self resetting. In the event of extended
slip operation, trip protection shall be initiated.
• Thyristor replacement
• Thyristor replacement shall not affect current sharing, and shall not require
more than 15 minutes to complete.
• Firing circuit controls
• The thyristor firing circuits shall be taken from the excitation supply
terminals. They shall be so designed that stable voltage control is
maintained under all normal and fault
• Converter bus-bars
• Bus-bars with phase isolating barriers shall be designed to avoid the

possibility of short circuits.
9
4.3.4.3 Field Supression Equipment
A field suppression device incorporating a non-inductive de-energising resistor,

with a field suppression switch, shall be provided. This field suppression
equipment shall be mounted in a sheet steel cubicle with a lockable door forming
part of the excitation cubicles. The field switch shall be a double-pole air circuit
breaker with arc chutes and shall interrupt the maximum field current of the
generator under all conditions of service, including short-circuit conditions,
without incurring damage which would require component maintenance. The field
switch shall be capable of operation by hand at the field switch cubicle. The
nominal closing and tripping voltage shall be 220 V DC, but the trip coil shall
operate between 50 and 120% of nominal voltage.
In the event of a generator fault the master trip relay shall trip the field switch.
Operation of the field circuit breaker over-current tripping device shall operate the
generator protection. A non-inductive resistor shall be connected across the
generator rotor before the main contacts break the rotor current. This resistor
shall be not more than the hot rotor winding resistance.
Normally the field switch will remain closed, but remote trip and close operation
shall be provided, for automatic restart after a fault.
Contacts shall be provided for remote status indication and interlock.
4.3.4.4 Excitation Control
The excitation control equipment shall maintain stable voltage control under all
conditions of generator operation. The equipment shall consist of a proven
automatic voltage regulator as specified below, (AVR) with manual standby and
local / remote, auto / manual change-over selection.
An underexcited reactive power limiter, manual follow-up device, manual follow-

up limiter, voltage setting control and generator transformer over-fluxing control
device shall also be provided.
An annunciator shall be provided to indicate faulty conditions and to sound an

alarm in the event of a fault.
A continuously acting, no "dead band", static digital dual channel type of

automatic voltage regulator (AVR) of proven design shall be provided. Manual
control shall also be provided whereby the generator voltage shall be capable of
being varied continuously from 80% to 115% of rated voltage under normal
operation, but down to 10% voltage for commissioning.
10
The AVR shall be capable of working over the complete load, voltage, and
frequency range of the generator within the limits defined below:
• Under steady-state load conditions, and over the whole of the operating
range of the excitation system, the generator voltage shall be maintained
within ± 0.50% of the setting value without hunting.
• Under steady-state open-circuit conditions, the generator terminal

voltage rise shall be not more than ± 1% of the setting value for all
speeds between rated speed and 150% of rated speed.
• Under AVR control, the generator open-circuit voltage response shall be

such that for a - 10% step-change, the time for the machine terminal
voltage to return to within ± 0.5% of rated value shall not exceed 0.5
second
Each AVR channel shall include:
(1) Local auto, remote auto (through the DCS) and local manual
switching inside the enclosure.
(2) Automatic following-up when tripping from one channel to the
other or to manual, so that no significant change of excitation
shall occur.
(3) A manual control follow-up limiter. This control shall stop the follow-
up from reducing the manual setting below safe limits, at any output
load.
(4) An under-excitation (VAR) limiter with a setting dependent on MW
loading. The limiter shall prevent the excitation being reduced to such
a level that the machine becomes unstable. The limiter shall be
adjustable so that the range of stability margin can be selected. The
stiffness of the VAR-limiter control shall be independent of the rate of
change of MVAR. When the limiter is in operation, the overshoot
shall not exceed 5% of the VAR setting.
(5) A manual excitation range of 0 to 115% for commissioning.
(6) An adjustable overfl uxing control, to ensure the generator

transformer is not overfluxed.
(7) Voltage drop compensation for the generator main step-up
transformer. The voltage drop shall be adjustable over the range 0 to
120% of the transformer impedance
(8) Parallel running (cross-compounding) and connections to ensure
stable operation and sharing of reactive power with other generators
in the station.
11
(9) Series compounding to ensure satisfactory operation of the AVR for

large voltage dips on the system.
Current and voltage transformers for AVR operation shall be supplied by the
Contractor.
Each of the two AVR channels shall be provided with a three phase voltage
transformer, fed from the generator terminals.
An additional three-phase isolating transformer shall be provided between the

voltage transformer and the voltage comparator (voltage error detector) of the
AVR. The reference voltage shall be unaffected by changes in the ambient
temperature or fluctuations in supply voltage or frequency, including full
load rejection or close-up faults on the 132 kV system.
Unless otherwise agreed, the three-phase auxiliary power supplies for the
AVR shall be taken from the low voltage winding of the excitation transformer via
suitable interposing transformers.
Current transformers required for automatic voltage control shall be

supplied and installed in the generator neutral cubicle.
Permanent monitoring devices shall be supplied to provide comparative

readings of component performance. Fault diagnostic features shall also be
included for maintenance.
4.3.4.5 Excitation System Cubicles
For each unit the equipment consisting of excitation transformer, converter, field
circuit breaker and automatic voltage regulator together with auxiliary equipment
and termination shall be arranged in floor mounted cubicles with access doors at
the front. The cubicles shall be located in the machine hall as shown on the
Specification Drawings.
The cubicles shall be provided with arrangements to allow cable entry, both from
above and bottom, whilst preventing water ingress by suitable sealing glands.
4.3.4.6 Main Excitation Connections
The Contractor shall supply and install all suitably rated connections between
the excitation transformer, the converter, the field breaker and the generator
slip rings.
Power circuit connections shall consist of cables with XLPE insulation,

stranded copper conductors and protected overall with a chlorosulphonated
polyethylene sheath. They shall be constructed in accordance with IEC 60502
and shall have a voltage rating of not less than 1000 V. All cables shall be
armoured.
12
Cable sizes shall be selected according to the maximum current in the circuit,
without any allowance for diversity, load factor or cyclic loading. No cable shall
be less than 2.5 mm2 cross sectional area. Cable sizing calculations shall be
furnished by the Contractor for Engineer's approval.
The complete details of excitation system shall be provided by the Contractor /

Manufacturer for the approval of Engineer during project execution.
4.3.4.7 Excitation Auxiliary Equipment
The following auxiliary equipment shall be provided as part of excitation

system.
Rotor Earth Fault Protection Equipment

Rotor earth fault protection equipment of an approved type shall be included in
the excitation equipment. The protection relay shall provide continuous digital
insulation resistance indication and alarm in the event of a single earth fault on
the generator rotor winding whilst the machine is running or at rest. The device
shall be of the type which continuously monitors the insulation resistance of
the whole of the rotor winding. The level of insulation resistance at which
operation occurs shall be as high as possible, preferably above 10,000 ohms.
Operation of the relay shall be time delayed by 1 to 10 seconds.
The monitoring voltage injected into the generator rotor may be AC or DC.
Any voltage produced by the excitation circuit, appearing across the relay
circuit shall not cause operation. The protection equipment shall be designed
to withstand continuously any voltage development by the excitation circuit in
the event of a rotor earth fault. A second rotor earth fault device shall be
arranged to trip the machine. Provision for testing the alarm and trip settings
shall be incorporated.
Rotor Temperature Indicator

A rotor temperature indicator shall be supplied and installed in the excitation
cubicle. The instrument shall be provided with remote indication and alarm
facilities and be suitably damped to provide stable indication under normal
operation and alarm suppression under field forcing conditions. The rotor
earth fault equipment and temperature indicating instruments shall be
indirectly connected to the main excitation circuits, through isolating
transformers or transducers to avoid polarity reversing equipment. Their
primaries shall be designed to be tested with the voltage appropriate to the
main circuit, and their secondaries at 2 kV.
13
4.3.4.8 Excitation Power Transformer
Three phase excitation transformer suitable for connection via cables shall be
supplied for each unit. The transformer shall be of the dry type, naturally
cooled, and shall meet Class B temperature rise limits when carrying the
design rating with the worst harmonic losses associated with the thyristor unit.
The transformer shall meet the requirements of IEC 60076 and IEC 60726
with non-hydroscopic Class F insulation and insulation levels in accordance
with Table 1 list 2 of IEC 60071-1 and thermal Class 200 to IEC 60085.
Excitation power transformer sizing calculations shall be furnished by the

Contractor for Engineer's approval.
The flux density shall not exceed 1.65 Tesla at rated output condition. Noise
levels shall not exceed 90 dBA at 1 metre from the cubicle.
High voltage terminal bushings shall be supplied and spaced for cable
connection. Low voltage connections to the thyristor equipment shall be either
bus bar or cable provided by the Contractor. An earth connection, rated in
accordance with the short circuit capability in IEC 60076, shall be provided
near the base of the frame.
Current transformers for each excitation transformer shall be provided in the HV

connections for over-current protection. The contractor shall ensure that the
relays and current transformers are compatible.
The cores, framework, clamping arrangements and general structure of the

transformer shall be of a design capable of withstanding any shocks to which
they may be subjected during transportation, installation, service and under any
severe fault condition.
Approved lifting arrangements shall be provided and arranged so that the core
structures are not subjected to unacceptable stresses during lifting and
handling operations.
All structural members of the assembled cores shall be steel except when
conventional core-bolt clamping is replaced by an approved taping or banded-
clamping technique. Clamping of the core and coil assemblies shall be of
approved material and be arranged to prevent deterioration of the core
characteristics.
Each transformer enclosure shall consist of a rigidly constructed steel

framework which shall be completely clad in sheet steel and, if necessary,
with screened openings to provide natural cooling.
14
The degree of enclosure protection shall be IP 21 and IEC 600529.
Internal access shall be by means of lockable hinged doors at the front of the
enclosure and the arrangement shall ensure that the transformer can be
withdrawn easily.
Termination chambers with bushings shall be provided on enclosure to

interface the cables.
Each enclosure shall be provided with anti-condensation heaters and rating

plates.
Each transformer shall be fitted with indicators, alarm and trip facilities as
required which shall be terminated at a junction box in the transformer
enclosure.
4.4. GENERATOR MV EQUIPMENT
4.4.1 General
Each generator shall be synchronised at 11 kV bus-bar which will feed to 3

three-phase transformers via a duct cubicle.
Connections between generators and generator phase and neutral cubicles

shall be via 11 kV cables. The various ancillary equipment such as voltage
transformers and current transformers supplying monitoring circuits, voltage
regulation and various protective devices shall be installed in six cubicles for
each unit as follows:
• one neutral cubicle
• two phase cubicles for voltage transformers.
• one phase cubicle for current transformers.
4.4.2 Scope of Works
The works shall include the supply, installation and testing and commissioning
of the following plant:
1. Cable connections between the generator terminals and the generator

phase and neutral cubicles.
2. One neutral cubicle for each generator, including current transformers for
protection and metering of ratio 600 / 1 A and accuracy class of 5P20 for
protection and class 0.2 for metering.
15
3. One phase cubicle for each generator including.
• 1 set of cables.
• 3 sets of fuses for protection of voltage transformer.
• Voltage transformer:
- Quantity: 3 sets
- Ratio 11000: 110√3: 110√3
4. One phase cubicle for each generator including three (3) sets of current
transformers in generator output cubicle for protection and metering of
proper ratio and accuracy class of 5P20 for protection and class 0.2 for
metering.
5. Cable connections for each unit step-up transformer.
The specified quantities of current and voltage transformers shall be minimum

requirements. However quantities and burden of current and voltage
transformers shall be finalised during project execution stage according to the
requirements of Project and shall be subject to approval of the Engineer.
4.4.3 Design and Manufacture
4.4.3.1 Technical Recommendations and Standards
The following technical recommendations and standards shall be respected for

the appropriate parts of plant:
for voltage transformers IEC standard 60186
for current transformers IEC standard 60185
The latest versions of the above standards, as in force at the time of award of
the Contract, will be applicable.
4.4.3.2 General Characteristics
Cells
• Type Metal clad
• Insulation Air
• Installation Interior
• Degree of enclosure protection IP 32
• Rated Voltage 11 kV
• Network Frequency 50 Hz
• Max. Operating Voltage 15 kV
16
• Rated frequency withstand voltage 10 kV rms, 60 sec
• Lightning impulse withstand voltage 75 kV peak, 1.2/50 µs
• Short circuit withstand current 20 kA *
• Buses Three-phase
*Note: Detailed calculations to check these values shall be done during project
execution stage by the Contractor.
Cell Equipment
All current and voltage transformers shall be of the dry-insulation type:
- insulation voltage 11 kV
- rated frequency withstand voltage 10 kV rms 60 sec
- lightning impulse withstand voltage 40 kV peak 1.2/50 µs to suit
purpose to suit purpose
- winding to suit purpose
- accuracy class to suit purpose
Cell Equipment
1. Cubicle Design
The cubicles containing the various transformers shall be metal clad but shall
be provided with natural ventilation. Buses and insulators shall be designed
to withstand short circuits. Access shall be possible to transformers by
removing the bolted front panel.
2. Voltage Transformers
Voltage transformers shall be connected between phases and earth on the
MV side.
The secondary terminals supply LV to the measuring circuits.
The secondary winding equipment of voltage transformers, i.e. circuit breakers

with signalling contacts, cables and bushings, shall be located in an easily
accessible compartment.
All secondary winding cables shall be physically separated from primary

winding cables by ducts or metal panels.
17
3. Current Transformers
Current transformers shall insulate the high voltage power network from the low
voltage metering circuit, and supply a low voltage alternative signal
proportional to the network current, and intended to supply meters, projection
relays, etc.
4. Tests on Current and Voltage Transformers

The instrument transformers shall be manufactured according to the required
IEC standards; all the routine tests required by the relevant IEC standard shall
be performed on each unit. The results shall be noted in a report. The type
tests should have been passed when qualifying each type of transformer, the
reports should be available on request.
4.5. POWER TRANSFORMERS
4.5.1 General
The works include the design, supply and factory testing, transport to the Site,
erection, connection and on site testing of three unit step-up transformers of
11/132 kV, 20/26 MVA and shall meet the generator output requirements at all
ambient temperatures.
4.5.2 Characteristics
Each step-up transformer, three phase type, shall be supplied for the
connection with 11 kV bus-bar, and shall be located outside the power plant.
Type: Three-phase, step-up.

Installation: Outdoor, roller mounted
Duty: Continuous
Dielectric: Mineral oil conforming to
IEC 60296
Nominal frequency: 50 Hz.
Rated nominal power(continuous operation): 20/26 MVA
Rated high voltage: 132 kV
Rated low voltage: 11 kV
Voltage Ratio: 11/132 kV
Voltage control: On load, tap changer (±5%)
Impedance: 7% (Approx)
Cooling: ONAF
18
Connection: Ynd 11
Power Factor: 0.85
4.5.2.2 Insulation
Primary Secondary
Nominal system voltage (kV) 11 132
Highest voltage for equipment (kV) 15 145
Rated power frequency duration withstand 28 275

minimum voltage (1 mn, kV rms)
Rated lightning impulse withstand

voltage (kV peak) 75 650
The 132 kV neutral of the transformers shall be solidly earthed.
4.5.3 Oil Storage
The transformer tanks shall be the classical type, electrically welded, with a
parallelipipedic shape. The tank shall be constructed of heavy mild steel
plates and shall withstand filling with oil at full vacuum without permanent
distortion. All seams or joints other than those which may have to be broken
shall be welded both inside and outside to assure strong leak-proof joints.
Heavy structural steel members shall be welded to the bottom of the tank to
form a rigid under-supporting base.
In order to prevent tank deformations during operation, a pressure relief

device of sufficient size shall be provided for rapid release of any pressure
that might be generated within the tank, and which might result in damage to
the equipment. The device shall operate at a static pressure of less than the
hydraulic test pressure of the tank. Means shall be provided to prevent the
ingress of rain or dust. Exhausting oil shall be directed downwards into the
transformer's oil collecting pit. A drain valve at the lowest point of the
transformer tank shall be provided.
As required the tank shall be provided with suitable flanges or other approved
means for connection of the sealed cable end boxes.
4.5.4 Installation and Connection
The generator transformers are to be installed outside power house. Fire

resistant walls shall be placed on each side of the transformers.
19
On the 11 kV side, the connection with the 11 kV phase cubicles of the

generator shall be made by means of dry-type three core cable with plug-in
MV terminals.
On the 132 kV side, the connection with the HV switch gear be made by
means of dry-type three core cable with plug-in HV terminals.
The transformer shall be designed, delivered and erected with all the tools,
accessories and associated services required until the scheme is put into
industrial operation, such as: sufficient oil for the first filling, the electrical
control cabinet, the rollers, primary and secondary voltage bushings and lugs
for lifting and handling.
The following moving and handling facilities shall be provided for each
transformer:
• Four (4) jacking lugs to enable raising and lowering the transformers
completely filled with oil by means of hydraulic jacks.
• Lugs for lifting the complete transformer.
• Pulling eyes for moving the transformers in any direction.
• Minimum four (4) bi-directional wheels, as required by the maximum

permissible point load. The individual wheel positions shall be marked
clearly on the carriage.
• One (1) tank cover access ladder.
The scope of supply shall include all material required for fixing of the
transformers in their service position. Rails shall be provided up to the related
roads to allow easy unloading, loading and movement.
4.5.5.1 Technical Recommendations and Standards
The latest versions of the following technical recommendations shall be

followed in the design, manufacture, testing and erection of power
transformers.
Power Transformers
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Recommendation 60076:
Part 1 General
Part 2 Temperature rise
Part 3 Insulating level and dielectric tests
Part 4 Tappings and Connections
20
Part 5 Ability to withstand short circuit
Power Transformer Auxiliaries

Latest versions of applicable IEC Standards.
Voltage Controllers
IEC recommendations 60214 and 60542.
Insulating Mineral Oil

IEC recommendations 60296.
Steel Core Plates

Bushings
Noise Level
IEC Recommendations 60551 and 60651.
4.5.5.2 Details
Transformer Cores
Transformer cores shall be made from extra-high quality high-flux steel
sheeting providing low core loss in accordance with IEC standards.
Adequate and carefully connected copper earth conductors shall link all parts
of the core to an earth terminal.
Windings
Transformer windings shall be of high conductivity electrolytic copper. All due
precautions shall be taken to ensure that the windings are assembled tight
against the core so that winding movement does not compromise short-circuit
resistance; they shall be tightly secured and efficiently connected to their
bushings to avoid short-circuit displacement. Windings shall resist three-
phase short-circuit across the low-voltage bushings with nominal high-voltage
+ 10 % maintained for three seconds, whatever the voltage tap.
Secondary winding for generator transformer shall be uniform of insulation.

All MV and LV windings shall be fully insulated. The insulation of windings
and connections shall be free from insulation compositions likely to soften,
shrink or to collapse during service. None of the materials used shall shrink,
disintegrate, carbonise or become brittle under the action of hot oil at any load
condition.
21
Voltage Regulation
Five voltage tap positions on the 132 kV secondary winding shall allow
variation of the number of windings by ±2 x 5%. The tap changer shall
operate on-load. It shall be located at a convenient height for manual
operation and shall include padlocking facilities.
The selector switch shall be gang-operated by a single handle from the

ground at convenient height when the transformer is de-energized. A dial type
indicator easily legible from the ground with numbers from 1 to N shall be
used, where "1" is related to the position with the minimum number of turns.
Bushings
Bushings shall be free from defects and thoroughly vitrified. The glaze shall not
form a dependence factor from insulation and shall be of uniform shade of
brown, covering completely all exposed parts of the insulator.
The outdoor insulators and fittings shall be unaffected by atmospheric

conditions due to weather, dust or rapid changes in air temperature. The
creepage distance shall be 60% increased compared with those normally
suitable for the appropriate nominal voltage and insulation strength.
Bushings shall be arranged to facilitate easy access for mounting and

dismounting. Where built-in current transformers are provided, bushings shall
be arranged to permit their removal without interfering with the pertinent
current transformer.
Bushings shall be designed to withstand stresses resulting from their weight

and from electro-dynamic and mechanical conductor loads caused by short-
circuit. They shall be such that disassembly and replacement is easy and do
not require oil drainage or removal of the transformer from the tank.
The HV and MV bushings shall be connected to the 132 kV Switchboards and

11 kV generator terminals by dry-type single-phase conductors.
Control and Monitoring

The electrical and / or mechanical control and monitoring equipment shall be
complete in every respect, the associated equipment including contactors
MCBs and all auxiliary devices shall be accommodated in the marshalling
kiosk as specified.
Control equipment shall be fitted with 220 V DC throw-over switches.
22
Gas-operated Relays
A relay shall be installed to protect the transformer. In a transformer with
liquid dielectric, an internal incident always creates a more or less important
release of gas due to the decomposition of insulators under the action of heat
and electric arc. The first function of the system shall be to detect this gas.
The system shall also indicate accidental fall of dielectric level. The system
shall indicate all excessive pressure which might happen inside the tank.
Increase of temperature of the dielectric shall be also indicated.
Two contacts shall be provided for alarm temperature and level, and two
contacts for tripping temperature and over pressure.
Cooling System
The transformer shall be oil natural, forced air (ONAF system).
The heat exchangers shall be connected to the top and bottom of the tank,
with provision made for connection from either side of the tank. Suitable
valves shall be mounted directly on the tank for closure of lines on each side
when the other side is connected.
Pipe systems and radiators shall be perfectly air/oil tight (hot oil).
Wiring and Fittings

All minor fittings required shall be impervious to water and hot oil.
Control boxes and switch cabinets shall be fitted with heating elements on a
separate circuit so that the equipment can be kept at the correct temperature
both during operation and shutdown. No wiring shall be routed through steel
tubing and neither shall rubber-insulated conductors be used.
Cable ends shall be protected by a plastic cap. All relays shall be properly
identified.
Auxiliary circuits and controls shall be housed in cabinets insulated from the
tank.
Accessories
The following accessories shall be supplied with the transformer:
• Isolating valves between tank and cooling.
• 4 lifting lugs.
• 4 pulling eyes and jacking pads.
• 2 earthing terminals.
• 3 lightning arrestors on the 132 kV side.
23
• 1 relay with 2 contacts for alarm temperature and oil level and 2 contacts
for tripping temperature and overpressure.
• 4 flanged type wheels for cross-wise travel of the transformer.
• free thermometer pocket.
• schematic diagram plate
• terminals:
- 4 MV bushings porcelain type.
- 3 MV bushings porcelain type.
Guarantees
The equipment is intended to be operated at constant loads but shall be
designed to withstand overloads according to the loading guide IEC 60354.
All electrical performance figures apply to the rated voltage ratio (principal
tap), rated current, rated frequency and to the reference temperature of 75°C,
except otherwise stated.
Tolerances are in accordance with the reference standard.
Temperatures rises
• Top oil (measured by thermometer) 60°C
• Windings (measured by resistance method) 65°C
• No load losses * kW
• Load losses at 2 MVA * kW
• Total losses * kW
• Impedance voltage HV / LV at 2 MVA *%
• No load current *%
• Acoustic sound level 65 dbA (g)

* The Bidder to provide these values in his Bid.
Tests
The following routine tests and measurements will be performed on each
transformer at the factory:
• Measurement of winding resistance.
• Voltage ratio measurement and check of voltage vector relationship.
• Measurement of impedance voltage (principal tapping).
• Measurement of load loss.
24
• Measurement of no-load loss and current.
• Induced over-voltage withstand test.
• Separate-source power frequency voltage withstand test.
• Power-frequency withstand test (2 kV, 1 minute) on the auxiliary circuits

according to IEC 76-3 par. 9 (all accessories shall be tested according to
the relevant IEC standards).
At site the transformers shall undergo a check program according to the

manufacturer's practice. At least the following tests shall be performed:
• Visual inspection.
• Dielectric test of oil.
• Megger test (all windings against each other and against earth).
• Functional test of all control and protection equipment.
• A static pressure test of the complete assembly, tank and accessories.
4.6. 132 kV SWITCHGEAR
4.6.1 General
The items to be supplied under this section are 132 kV switchyard equipment
and 11/132 kV step-up power transformers complete with protection and
controls.
4.6.2 132 KV Circuit Breakers
General
These Specifications cover the requirements for design, manufacture and testing
of suggested 132 kV circuit breakers.
Circuit breaker shall be designed, manufactured and tested in accordance with

latest edition of IEC 62271-100, IEC 60694 and up-to-date experience
incorporating any latest improvements in design and manufacture as currently
employed in the industry.
The 132 kV circuit breakers shall be of the single pressure Sulphur Hexaflouride
(SF6) type with self contained power operated spring charged operating
mechanism.
The 132 kV circuit breakers shall be three-pole outdoor type suitable for
automatic tripping and automatic reclosing and complete with all necessary
accessories to make a complete operating unit. The circuit breakers shall be
suitable for single shot, 3-pole rapid auto reclosing.
25
The design of the circuit breakers shall be such as to minimize over voltages due
to current chopping. The breaker shall be able to withstand the stresses created
by evolving faults. The circuit breaker, with the contacts in either fully open or
closed position, shall be capable of withstanding without puncture or flashover of
any of its parts, the values specified for low frequency and full wave impulse
voltage, when applied to the terminals of the breakers. The rated lightning
impulse withstand voltage level of all parts shall be based upon a pressure equal
to the minimum pressure of the interrupting medium required for a successful
interruption at the circuit breaker rating.
Standards
The circuit breakers shall be designed, manufactured and tested in accordance
with the latest edition of IEC publications.
In case the requirements laid down herein differ from those given in the above
publications in any particular case, the circuit breaker shall comply with the
requirements listed herein referred to that item.
Ratings
The circuit breakers shall be rated conforming to the requirements of latest
edition of IEC 62271-100 and IEC 60694 except as otherwise specified herein
and as follows:
• Nominal system voltage, kV, rms 132
• Rated voltage, (Ur) kV, rms 145
• Rated insulation level:

i. Rated one minute power frequency, withstand voltage, kV, rms.
- Phase to earth and between phases 275
- Across open breaker 275

ii. Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage, kV, peak.
- Phase to earth and between phases. 650
- Across open breaker 650
• Rated normal frequency, Hz. 50
• Rated current at 50 Hz and 800

50°C not less than, A.
• Rated short-time withstand current, kA, rms 40
• Rated peak withstand current, kA, peak. 100
• Rated duration of short circuit, second 1
26
• Rated short-circuit breaking current at rated voltage

and 50°C, not less than kA, rms. 40
• Percentage of DC component, %. 30
• Rated short-circuit making current, kA, peak. 100
• Rated operating sequence O-0.3sec-CO-3min-CO
• Rated out-of-phase breaking current, kA, rms 10
• Rated line charging breaking current, A 50
• Rated cable charging breaking current, A 160
• Classification for re-strike performance

during capacitive current switching Class C2
• Rated break time, ms. 40-60
• Maximum RIV at (1.1xVr/√3) kV rms line to

ground micro volts 500
• First pole-to-clear factor 1.5
• Classification for number of mechanical Class M2

operations the circuit breaker shall be
capable to perform
• Minimum creepage distance, mm. 3800
• No of breaks per pole 1
• Percentage of spare auxiliary switches:
- Normally open 25%
- Normally closed 25%
*Note: Detailed calculations to check these values shall be done during project
execution stage by the Contractor and furnished to Engineer for approval.
Switching Requirements
The circuit breaker shall be suitable for switching transmission lines for any type
of fault. The bidder shall be required to provide documentary evidence to prove
that the offered circuit breaker(s) shall be suitable for transmission line switching.
The circuit breaker shall be capable of interrupting the charging current of

transmission lines up to the value specified as above at rated voltage. The
requirements of capacitive current switching shall be as outlined in IEC
publication 62271-100.
The circuit breaker shall meet the requirements of simultaneity of poles specified
in Clause 5.101 of IEC 62271-100, First Edition.
27
The break time at 25 percent current rating with normal control voltage applied,
shall not exceed the rated break time. No restrikes at the main contacts shall be
permitted under any operating duty.
The maximum noise level of the circuit breaker, when operated to close or open
the three poles simultaneously shall be less than 140 dB(A) at 1 meter horizontal
distance at the perimeter of circuit breaker with cabinet closed.
The circuit breaker shall be suitable to meet the requirements for full out-of-phase
switching. The interrupting capability shall not be less than 25% of rated short
circuit current at a voltage across one phase of value equal to two times the
maximum rated phase voltage.
The circuit breaker shall be capable of handling the short-line fault conditions
associated with line switching in accordance with IEC Publication 62271-100.
Performance Requirements
Temperature Rise
The temperature rise of any part of the circuit breakers shall not exceed the
temperature rise limits specified in Table 3 of IEC Publication 60694. The
reference ambient temperature shall be 50°C.
Radio and Telephone Interference

All equipment shall be designed and constructed so as not to cause interference
with radio reception or telephone communication circuits in accordance with the
most modern practice. Limits of radio influence voltage is 500 micro volts when
breakers are tested at 1.1xUr/√3 line to ground voltage as per IEC 60694.
Controls and Auxiliaries

Tripping and Closing Requirements
The circuit breaker closing and tripping circuits shall be rated for station DC
supply. Electrical tripping facilities for the operating mechanism of each pole
shall be duplicated to include, but not necessarily limited to the following:
(1) Two electrically independent and identical trip coils for each pole of
the breaker and arranged to minimize the probability of failure of one
trip coil affecting the operation of the second trip coil.
(2) Two electrically independent and identical sets of wiring, terminals and
protecting equipment for connection to two independent closing and
tripping power circuits.
28
(3) Auxiliary switches and auxiliary circuits shall be capable of carrying at

least 10 A continuously without exceeding the temperature limits
specified in table 3 of IEC 60694, second edition (1996-05) at
temperature of 50oC ambient.
(4) The control system shall include circuitry to trip the breaker by
energizing both sets of trip coils if pole- disagreement should occur
and alarm shall be initiated in the control room. A timer shall be
furnished in the control cubicle to permit allowable phase discrepancy
condition during single pole auto- reclosing. The setting range of timer
shall be between 0.5 seconds to 2.0 seconds.
(5) The closing device shall be capable of closing the breaker for any
value of voltage between 85% and 110% of rated control voltage and
tripping device shall be capable of tripping the breakers for any value
of voltage between 70% and 110% of rated control voltage.
SF6 Gas Requirements
The Contractor shall supply all relays, switches and accessories to provide for
fail-safe operation of the circuit breakers during conditions of low gas density.
The density shall be sensed in two stages, the first stage indicating an alarm.
The second stage shall prevent closing or tripping of the breakers in case the SF6
gas density is too low, for safety reasons, and shall also give annunciation on
control board. The design shall ensure the identification of the breaker pole with
low SF6 gas density. One temperature-compensated density meter for each pole
of circuit breakers shall be provided properly enclosed in a suitable enclosure.
The SF6 gas sealing system must guarantee minimal leakage under extreme
temperature conditions and effectively restrict the entry of moisture or other
gases. Maximum permissible leakage rate shall be 1% per annum. The material
used for sealing system shall not deteriorate due to the exposure of the gas,
vapours, temperature variations and mechanical forces during the long-term
service. Maintenance of the sealing system should generally be possible without
dismantling the breaker pole and draining the SF6 gas. The breaker design shall
prevent liquefaction and partial condensation of moisture of the insulating parts of
the breaker operating mechanism and SF6 containers.
SF6 gas conforming to IEC Publication 60376 shall be used.
Additional Requirements
All circuit breakers shall be designed for closure and tripping by remote and local
electrical controls. Local electrical control shall be from the outdoor control
cubicle by means of a local CLOSE-TRIP control switch. The control location
shall be selected by a LOCAL-REMOTE transfer switch provided within the
outdoor control cubicle.
29
The ‘local' operation of the circuit breaker shall be possible only when associated
disconnectors are open. A two position ‘Maintenance - OFF’ switch shall also be
provided in the outdoor marshalling kiosk for operating the breaker when it is
under maintenance. This switch shall normally be in ‘OFF’ position. In
Maintenance position, the breaker shall be locally operable provided the
associated disconnecting switches are open. The breaker shall also be
disconnected from the remote control and protection system when the switch is
placed in ‘Maintenance Position’.
Necessary provisions shall be made to exhibit indications in the 132 kV

switchyard control room when the LOCAL-REMOTE transfer switch is in the
LOCAL position.
All output contacts including breaker auxiliary switch contacts shall be wired out
to terminal blocks. The circuit breakers shall be mechanically and electrically trip
free and have an anti- pumping feature.
Interlocking System
Electro-mechanical interlocking shall be supplied with each breaker. Electro-
mechanical interlocking shall be provided to prevent operations of the associated
disconnectors when circuit breaker is closed.
It shall not be possible to operate a bay with outer breakers open and centre
breaker closed. However, a key operated switch shall be provided on the control
board for each breaker to bypass this interlock whenever required.
External Insulation
The external insulation shall be designed, manufactured and tested in
accordance with relevant IEC Publication. These shall be SF6 gas insulated type.
The porcelain shall be of the wet process, homogeneous, free from cavities and
other defects. Circuit breaker support columns shall be designed to withstand
internal pressure of at least three times the maximum operating pressure. The
colour of porcelain shall be chocolate brown.
Ground Terminals
Each mounting column, of each pole of the circuit breaker shall be provided with
two copper grounding lugs suitable for 185 sq.mm standard copper conductor.
Terminals shall be capable of carrying rated short time current of the breaker.
Finish
On all outside surfaces of metal parts, one coat of metal primer and two coats of
outdoor paint shall be applied. During application, special attention shall be given
to welded seams. All exposed nuts and bolts shall be treated to prevent
corrosion.
30
Operating Mechanism
The operating mechanism and appurtenances shall conform to IEC Standard
Publication No. 62271-100. Each three pole breaker unit shall have independent
control mechanism. The operating mechanism for 132 kV circuit breakers shall
be 110V DC motor operated spring charged.
The circuit breakers equipped with spring charged operating mechanism shall be
closed by the stored energy of charged springs. The mechanism shall be
designed such that the failure of spring will not prevent tripping and will not cause
tripping or closing. The energy stored in motor-compressed spring shall be
sufficient for an OPEN-CLOSE-OPEN operation at rated short circuit current.
The charging motor shall be direct current. The motor shall not require more than
15 seconds to recharge the closing springs after a close-open operation. Means
shall be provided to prevent operation of the mechanism when maintenance work
is being done.
Working parts of the mechanism shall be of corrosion resisting materials, and all
bearings which require frequent greasing shall be equipped with pressure-type
grease fittings and shall be readily accessible without dismantling the mechanism
or housings. The mechanism and control system shall be strong, robust, positive,
fast and shall not have objectionable rebound or require critical adjustments or
frequent maintenance.
The mechanism shall be designed so that it will not cause tripping or closing
when there is no control command.
Provision shall be made on the circuit breakers for the attachment of a device to
record the operation of valves, contacts, etc., so that timing tests can be made to
verify the sequence of operation as prescribed.
For purposes of inspection and adjustment, means shall be provided to permit

local operation of the breaker, so designed that the contacts of the breaker may
be operated slowly for adjustment.
Mechanical position indicator to indicate the position of each pole of the breaker
shall be provided. Open position shall be indicated by using letter "O" with green
colour as background while closed position shall be indicated by letter "C" with
red as background colour. Separate operation counter shall be provided for each
pole of the circuit breaker.
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4.6.2.1 Standards and Codes
4.6.3 Surge Arresters
• Rated voltage 145 kV
• Arc suppression voltage *kV
• Frequency discharge voltage *kV
* The technical data type and ratings of surge arresters shall be as per IEC
standards and shall be defined during design stage, subject to approval of
Engineer.
4.6.4 Tests
At least the following tests shall be performed in the manufacturer's workshop

on the individual apparatus and on the complete installation, respectively, all
in accordance with IEC-Standards:
• Visual inspection.
• Power frequency HV tests.
• Dielectric tests of the auxiliary circuits.
• Measurement of the main contacts resistance with DC (type test).
• Temperature rise test on circuit breakers (type test).
• Test of mechanical endurance (type test).
• Measurement of the contact opening period (type test).
• Functional tests of the control circuits.
• Check of the operational sequence.
• Measurement of the measuring transformer's angle and ratio errors

(according to IEC-Standards 60185 and 60186).
The complete installation and as far as reasonable the individual apparatus

shall be tested at Site as follows:
• Dielectric test
• Visual inspection
• HV test
• Mechanical functioning test
• Test of the functional sequence
32
4.7. STATION AUXILIARY TRANSFORMERS
4.7.1 General
Two identical auxiliary transformers 11 / 0.4 kV, 630 kVA, for the respective
units shall be provided, they shall be ONAF type, rated and shall supply low
voltage to auxiliary switchgear. Each transformer will supply to the respective
LV bus bar. Bus Bar No. 1 and 2 will be provided with normally open bus
coupler of suitable rating. Adequate protection relays to provide
comprehensive protected system, measuring instruments, local & remote
control must be available.
Transformer sizing calculations shall be submitted for Engineer's approval.
• Type, operation Three phases, step down
• Installation Indoor
• Dielectric Oil
• Rated frequency 50 Hz
• Rated power (continuous duty) *630 kVA
• Rated primary voltage 11 kV
• Rated secondary voltage 0.4 kV
• Tap changing On load (±5%, High side)
• Cooling ONAF
• Connection ∆Yn0
• Windings Copper
* The Bidder to determine the exact transformer rating based on connected
load. The transformer sizing calculations shall be furnished for Engineer's
approval.
4.7.1.2 Accessories
In addition to other protection relays, each transformer shall be supplied with a

protection relay with 2 contacts for temperature and oil level alarm and 2
contacts for temperature and oil over pressure tripping.
33
4.8. LOW VOLTAGE AC DISTRIBUTION SWITCHBOARD
4.8.1 Description
AC auxiliaries electrical power supply shall be distributed from the 11/0.4 kV

station service auxiliaries transformer to the consumers in the various
locations of the power plant.
The Contractor shall provide ten (10) percent spare breakers.
4.8.2.1 Standards and Codes
The low voltage boards shall conform to the IEC 60439 and other relevant IEC
standards.
• Type Fixed in rack mounted in

column cubicle
• Duty Uninterrupted, continuous
• Degree of protection IP 32
• Nominal voltage (V) 400
• Frequency (Hz) 50
• Rated short circuit withstand (KA, rms) 25 *
• Busbar 3 phases, neutral & ground
• Nominal current (A) 2000 *

* Note: The rated short circuit withstand current and breaker continuous and
short circuit ratings shall be determined by the Contractor and the equipment
conforming to the relevant IEC standard(s) shall be selected accordingly. All
related short circuit studies / calculations shall be furnished to the Engineer for
approval.
Switchboards shall be made up of vertical units from bolted steel section and
fabricated sheet. Units shall be of modular design with separate
compartments for:
• switch gear and protective devices
• three phase bus-bars
• power and control wiring
• general accessories
34
All control, metering and faults and position indicating equipment shall be on
the front panel.
The racks shall be fitted with the following switch gear and protective devices:
• electrically and / or manually operated circuit-breaker
• throw-over switch
• fuse switch
• circuit-breaker and switch units for some ratings (if necessary)
The cubicle shall be specified so that worker protection, equipment protection,

flexibility of use and maintenance, reliability purposes can be reached.
The cubicle can be locked with a key on a tool. The side and back panels
shall be capable of being taken off.
The vertical bars shall be mounted on insulated supports at the back of

equipment.
The horizontal bus bar shall be located at the upper part of the cubicle.
Breaking capacities and ratings of bus-bars, circuit-breakers, contactors and

fuses shall suit the equipment to be connected with rated loads and the short
circuit currents of the switchboard.
The breakers and protection devices shall be mounted either on rails or on

sheet steel plates. The front face shall be equipped with fixed cover plates.
4.8.2.3 Operation
• Normal Duty:
The alternative current auxiliaries for the scheme shall take their low
voltage supply through a set of switchboards and (if needed) sub-
distribution panel/ boards, cubicles and boxes.
• Neutral Connection:
Low voltage AC circuits shall have their neutral solidly earthed.
Lighting and power circuits shall have their neutrals solidly earthed and
distributed.
• Voltage:
Standard voltage shall be three phase, 400 V, 50 Hz on load phase-to-

phase voltage. Allowable variations at the equipment terminals will be ±
10% voltage and ± 5% frequency.
35
4.9. LOW VOLTAGE DC CHARGER RECTIFIER, BATTERIES AND

SWITCHBOARDS
4.9.1 General
The DC station services shall mainly consist of:
• One 220 V DC system for control circuits supply.
The following items shall be supplied and installed at the Site:
• Bank of batteries
• Two battery chargers
• Switchboards, panel boards, boxes and sub-distribution boards
4.9.2 Description
Power supply to the power station DC auxiliaries shall be provided from a

220 V DC main board, comprising one set of bus-bars connected to a battery
and two battery chargers.
The DC system batteries shall be located in a separate room. The AC power

supply for the battery chargers shall be from the 400 V station common
auxiliaries switchboard.
4.9.3 General Characteristics
4.9.3.1 Batteries
• Type Lead acid
• Installation Stationary, indoor
• Voltage (V) 220
• Nominal capacity (Ah) 160 *
*Note: The nominal capacity of the battery shall be determined by the

Contractor based on the connected DC loads. Battery sizing calculations shall
be furnished to the Engineer for approval.
4.9.3.2 Battery Chargers
• Type Thyristor controlled
• Duty Continuous, uninterrupted
• Installation Indoor, cubicle-mounted
36
• Input voltage (V) 220±10%
• Frequency (Hz) 50
• Number of phases 3-phase
• Service voltage (V) 220
• Current rating (A) 8*

* Note: The rating of the battery charger shall be determined by the Contractor
to suite the battery. The battery charger sizing calculations shall be furnished
to the Engineer for approval.
4.9.3.3 Switchboards, Sub-distribution Boards and Panel Boards
• Type Column cubicle
• Operating voltage (V) 220
• Rated current (A) 15*
• Rated short circuit withstand (KA rms) 35*
• Number of outgoing circuits 15*

* Note: The number of outgoing circuits, short circuit withstand level and rated
currents of switchboards, panel boards and sub-distribution boards shall be
finalised during project execution stage and shall be subject to approval of the
Engineer.
4.9.4 Batteries & Battery Chargers in General
The batteries shall be reliable and shall be suitable for emergency lighting and
fire alarm duties.
They shall also be suitable for frequent discharges and shall follow the
standard specifications of switch control equipment.
The cells shall be available in containers of tough polypropylene plastic

material.
The charger units shall be capable to operate by the floating method, meaning
that the charger shall be capable of delivering a current equal to the maximum
steady-state current absorbed by the loads, and maintaining a constant battery
terminal voltage. In this way, the battery does not discharge under normal
conditions, except for occasional short peak loads. In the event of loss of AC
power, the battery shall then meet the full load.
37
The battery shall be able to provide the necessary power supply to allow one
generating unit starting. The capacity of the batteries shall be selected
according to the connected load and the voltage of the DC network. At the
end of the maximum service duration, it shall not be less than 80% of the
rated voltage.
4.9.5 Chargers / Rectifiers
Battery chargers and rectifiers shall be made up of solid state components

with thyristor rectifiers.
The rated current of the chargers shall be selected to allow recharging of a

fully unloaded battery in 5 hours, in addition to simultaneously supplying the
total connected DC load. The chargers shall be of constant voltage type with
current limiting device.
The solid state chargers connected at the terminals of the battery shall be
completely suitable for a fully automatic and controlled charging and floating of
the battery, by means of a change-over switch, the charger shall be set from
normal charging and float charging to fast charging of the battery.
Each charger / rectifier unit shall be presented in a sheet steel floor mounted
cubicle.
Front panel shall be secured by lock and key and include ON/OFF switch, DC
Ammeter and Voltmeter and off failure indicator.
Each charger shall be fitted with the following:
• DC ground fault detection.
• Voltage relay for monitoring the excessive discharge of the battery.
• Low voltage relay monitoring a voltage drop in battery cells lower than
permissible value.
• Phase supervision relay which shall protect the rectifier in case of failure
of one or two phases.
Provisions shall be made to indicate and protect each charger against charger
faults.
Arrangement shall be made on DC side to prevent any reverse flow of power,

and surge suppression circuitry shall be provided both on AC and DC sides to
protect the charger against transient faults.
38
4.9.5.1 Normal Automatic Operation
Each battery charger shall be capable of permanently supplying a trickle

charge to maintain battery charge and of meeting the load current up to their
maximum rating, with a stable battery terminal voltage. One charger shall be
main while the other will be connected to it in the standby mode.
In the event of loss of AC auxiliaries power, batteries shall supply the current
required by the installation.
4.9.5.2 Direct Operation without Battery
Rectifiers shall be capable of supplying loads when the battery is

disconnected.
4.9.6 Inverter
The static inverter composed of wholly static devices such as diodes,

transducer amplifiers, thyristor switch and other electronic elements shall be
supplied for 220 V DC / 220 V AC to cope with the power demand of all
control, measuring and monitoring equipment requiring a continuous and safe
/ essential power supply under all normal and emergency conditions.
The AC load is always fed from the inverter. Upon failure of the inverter or the
inverter DC supply, the safe / essential AC system shall be fed from the AC
system. The inverter shall be provided with a change over device composed
of a static switch and synchronizing unit so that the inverter output voltage is
permanently in phase with the AC system, enabling uninterrupted switch-over
at any time.
The inverter shall be completely equipped with protection indication and

signalling devices assuring satisfactory operation and protection against
internal maloperation.
4.9.6.1 Main Technical Data
Rated capacity: Min.* 10 kVA at 0.85 p.f.

Input voltage: 220 V DC, + 20-15%
Output voltage: 220 VAC, ±2%
Frequency: 50 Hz, ±1%
Wave form: sine, max. 5% distortion at linear load
Overload capacity
1 sec.: 200%
1 min.: 150%
39
At least, the following instrumentation and control devices shall be provided:
• One (1) AC ammeter
• One (1) DC ammeter
• Two (2) AC voltmeter
• One (1) DC voltmeter
• One (1) frequency meter
• Selector switch inverter / by-pass operation Push button for by-pass

operation test
• Single fault indication lamps as required with group alarm to the control
room
Note.* The nominal capacity of inverter shall be determined by the contractor

based on the safe AC loads. Inverter sizing calculations shall be furnished to
the Engineer for approval.
4.9.7 Distribution Boards
Power supply shall be supplied from battery set and from the rectifiers /
chargers.
4.9.7.1 Equipment
Distribution board equipment shall have excellent strength against electro-

dynamic stresses.
Switchboards shall be assembled in steel sections and fabricated and bolted

sheet units of modular design, comprising:
• racks containing the switch gear
• separate compartments for:

- two-phase bus-bars
- power and control connections.
- general accessories.
Controls, metering devices, fault indicators and position indicators shall be

mounted on the front face.
40
4.9.7.2 Components
• Incoming feeder circuit breaker (charger / rectifier).
• Incoming feeder fused switch (battery).
• Outgoing feeders for the supply of generating units, lines, circuit breakers,
common auxiliaries, control system polarities including control and
monitoring devices projection devices, signalling devices and lamps,
alarms.
• Outgoing feeders, complete with all protective devices shall be supplied

as spares.
Interlocks shall be provided to prevent switching errors and other

inappropriate action, and accidental contact with live parts.
4.9.7.3 Metering and Signaling
Information concerning bus-bar voltage and current in incoming lines,

switchboard faults and positions of main items of switch gear necessary for
correct operation shall be in accordance with the general principles and
technology specified elsewhere herein for control systems.
4.10. ELECTRICAL AUXILIARIES
4.10.1 Lighting
Three types of lighting to be provided are:
• Normal lighting for working in normal conditions of comfort. This includes

amenity lighting outside the buildings.
• Emergency lighting for use when the power station is in emergencies.
• Safety lighting, operating in normal condition but illuminate specific

area(s).
4.10.1.1 Normal and Emergency Lighting
The normal lighting system shall ensure a convenient illumination level when
the plant is in a normal operation.
For emergency lighting system, 30% of normal lighting fixtures shall be used
for emergency lighting and shall contain suitable battery, rectifier, inverter,
automatic change over device and other components as required.
The sub-distribution box shall be equipped with protection materials for cables
and control devices for apparatus, where required electrical impulse remote
control contact actuators shall be provided for local control by push-button.
41
4.10.1.2 Safety Lighting
The safety lighting shall be arranged to illuminate all exits and entrances and
to provide illumination in operation and control areas.
The safety lighting shall be complete with self contained safety lighting blocks.
These fitting shall be composed of:
(i) self contained, to be switched on automatically in the event of a

power cut in the normal lighting circuit.
(ii) powered by Ni-Cd battery with built-in charger.
(iii) minimum autonomy 1 hour
(iv) illumination 30 lumens
4.10.1.3 Principle of Lighting Apparatus energizing
Lighting apparatus shall be fed by sub-distribution boxes.
Each feeder system shall be protected at the head of the circuit by a four pole
miniature circuit breaker.
Each circuit shall be individually protected by fuses.
Recognised standards as IEC, shall fully apply for design, manufacturing and
testing of all equipment under this section.
4.10.1.4 Lighting Apparatus
Lighting apparatus shall include:
(i) fluorescent lamps

(ii) mercury vapour lamps
(iii) incandescent lamps
(iv) self-contained safety lighting blocks and all accessories required for
fixing in place, including out door lighting.
4.10.1.5 Illumination Levels
The illumination levels for the various areas shall conform to the
recommendations of the relevant IEC standards. The lighting system
calculations shall be furnished to the Engineer for approval.
42
Normal illumination levels shall be
• Machine hall 200 Lux
• Electrical rooms 300 Lux
• Outdoor of power plant 20 Lux
• Transformer room 100 Lux
• Other rooms 100 Lux
4.10.1.6 Socket Outlets
Socket outlets shall be provided on separate circuits, arranged as needed in

the various rooms.
(i) Sockets Outlet 230 V 10/16A
These sockets outlets shall be supplied by the sub-distribution

boxes with specific feeders. They shall be of type 10/16 Amp
capacity with phase neutral and ground.
(ii) Sockets Outlet 400 V / 32 A
These sockets shall be supplied from the 400 V auxiliary switchboard.

They shall be of type 32 Amp capacity with three phases and
ground.
4.10.1.7 Earthing
Sub-distribution boxes shall be connected directly to general earthing network.
Each cable emanating from sub-distribution boxes shall have a conductor

(green / yellow) connected to the earthing terminal of the box and to the
apparatus frame.
4.10.1.8 Cabling
The cross section of the conductors shall be selected according to

characteristics of the corresponding fuses/breakers in accordance with the
applicable standards.
For long lines, the conductor size shall be chosen such that the total voltage
drop is limited to 5%.
43
4.10.2 Fire Alarm and Protection System
4.10.2.1 Step-up Transformer Fire Protection System
Fire protection system including fire detection and fire extinguishing by

sprayed water with one main storage tank, shall be supplied for each step-up
power transformer.
Each transformer shall be provided with its own individual fire detection
system and water spraying cage.
(i) Detection System
Detection system shall be based on Quartz capsule type thermostatic detectors

secured to the transformer distributed on the sides of transformer tank.
These detectors shall record any abnormal temperature rise caused by a

terminal or tank fire or by a fire on the ground near the transformer.
The detectors shall be interconnected in parallel by a cable protected by a self-

extinguishing sheath and which is connected to a fire detection cabinet
located near the fire extinguishing system by means of a junction box
facilitating dismantling in case of displacement of the transformer.
One of the detectors shall be equipped with an "end of line" resistor enabling
the guard current to monitor the complete installation. Moreover, the
installation of the equipment shall be designed so as not to interfere with the
operation of the fire protection system.
The fire detection cabinet shall include relays, providing contacts for the
power supply of a local lamp indicator and, if necessary, on the remote control
panel.
The contacts shall indicate the outbreak of fire or a break in the monitoring
current flowing through the detector circuit, in case of the cable being cut or
loosening of the terminals.
The cabinet shall also include an ON/OFF switch with the possibility of its
position being transmitted to the central control panel.
The fire detection system shall operate in the indicating mode or provide for
automatic operation of the fire protection system.
(ii) Water Fire Extinguishing System
The fire extinguishing system shall be based on spraying the transformer with
water. This water shall be contained in a storage tank which is pressurized by
a compressor.
44
The storage tank shall be located near the transformers and the compressor
shall be located besides the storage tank.
The water storage tank shall be fitted with all necessary filling, draining and
safety accessories. Its capacity shall be calculated so that the transformer will
be sprayed for approximately five minutes.
The air compressor shall maintain the air pressure inside the main tank at
rated operating pressure in order that the water can be discharged in case of
fire detection.
The transformer shall be equipped with a spraying cage enabling it to be

completely surrounded by a cloud of pressurized sprayed water droplets.
The spray nozzles shall generate perfectly homogeneous cones which will
cover the likely burning area, resulting in the extinction of the fire affecting the
equipment.
The fire protection system shall be operated without any danger when the
equipment is energized.
The spray-bars and their water supply header shall be hot-galvanized after
forming and assembled in-situ without damaging the galvanizing.
(iii) Components
The following accessories shall be supplied for each transformer:
a. fire detection cabinet

b. quartz thermostatic detectors
c. sprayers
4.10.2.2 Fire Alarm and Protection System
The following location in the power plant will be monitored by a fire alarm and
detection system:
(i) the power plant hall.

(ii) the control room, switch room and auxiliary equipment room of the
power plant.
(iii) electrical gallery housing control cubicles adjacent to the machine hall.
Detection system shall be based on ionic smoke detector and heat rate of rise
detectors, distributed in the relevant protected rooms of the power plant, in
accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation.
45
Detectors shall be connected to a central alarm and detection panel on which

visual and audible alarm facilities will be provided.
Alarm shall be made inside and outside the power plant through flashing lights
and siren.
4.10.2.3 Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers shall be supplied in each room.
The extinguishers shall be approved in accordance with relevant IEC

standards.
They shall be suitable for extinguishing oily fires, Powder fire extinguishers
shall be supplied in each room of the plant as follows:
(i) One 9 kg powder extinguisher for each unit in the machine hall.
(ii) Three 6 kg powder extinguishers one for the storage room and one
each, for the auxiliary transformers rooms.
(iii) One 25 kg wheeled powder extinguisher for the electrical room.
(iv) One 6 kg powder extinguisher for each unit adjacent to respective
control panels in the electrical gallery.
4.11. POWER STATION CONTROL
4.11.1 General
This section covers the control systems. Within the frame of this technical
specification the Contractor shall deliver a system based on the Contractor's
well proven hardware and software.
The Bidder shall describe the control system hardware and software as to
contents, operation, functions and any special feature in sufficient detail to
enable verification of compliance with the Bidding Documents. Any
operational restrictions of the proposed control system or any particular
hardware or software modules required for fully utilising the facilities of the
offered software packages, shall be clearly stated.
4.11.2 Power Plant Control System, Architecture
The power plant control system layout shall be an open structure with
distributed local control units. See principle in Tender drawing SHN-EMW-006.
4.11.2.1 Control Levels
(a) The station control level: A computerised station control system (SCS)
for the supervisory control of the power plant.
46
The main station Control System monitors and controls the complete power
station and covers the generating units in the power house, the 132 kV
switchgear and other systems of the power plant. The power plant SCS is
located in the main control room.
(b) The local control level: One computerised local control unit (LCU) with
local mimic board for each generating unit and one for the 132 kV switchgear
and other plant auxiliaries, as a minimum, shall be provided. The protection
relays for the generating units shall be part of the local control unit but
operationally independent from the local computer. The feeder protective
relays shall be installed in the respective 132 kV Switchgear Circuit Breaker
Cubicles.
(c) The manual control level: Manual operation from the equipment control
boards and Emergency Stop from separate, independent panels.
4.11.2.2 Control Level Redundancy, Generating Units
The relation between the control levels shall in principle be as described for the
generating units below.
(a) If the station control level is out of operation, automatic operation is

maintained by means of the LCUs. The interface to the process will
be through the local control boards belonging to the respective
LCUs.
(b) If the LCU 1, LCU 2, LCU 3, LCU 4, LCU 5 or LCU 6 is out of

operation, the generating units shall still be operable. The
monitoring and operation, in such a case, shall be possible done by
means of the controls for the automatic voltage control (AVR) and
the turbine governor. If in this situation a second power plant failure
should occur, an emergency stop function shall be possible to
activate by pushing a stop push-button at the LCU and from a push-
button mounted on the operator's console in the control room. The
most critical mechanical faults shall also activate the Emergency Stop
function in case of an internal failure at the LCU.
(c) It shall be possible to start a generating unit manually by starting all

sub-systems in sequence from the unit LCU.
A control system which will perform the local / remote control of the turbine-
generator units shall be provided. Normal start and stop sequence of the units
and emergency stop of the unit in case of failure shall be performed by the
system.
Manual control or remote control from the control room can be achieved by
the operator as described below.
47
A complete protection and metering scheme with all the details of relays and
devices shall be submitted during detail design stage for the approval by
Engineer.
Equipment shall conform to IEC recommendations.
4.11.2.3 Local Control
The LCUs shall have connections to and be interfacing the process equipment
and the data communication system which interconnects the LCUs and the
station control (SCS).
The approximate locations of the LCUs are shown on the general equipment
layout drawings in Volume IV / Drawings.
4.11.2.4 Station Control System (SCS)
The SCS will be located in the main control room.
The SCS in the main control room will be installed in air-conditioned room,
however, the equipment must be expected accidentally to be operated with
the air-conditioning system out of operation. The control room shall be
equipped with an elevated floor for cable distribution.
The LCUs for the generating units will be located in the electrical gallery. The
cubicles for the protection relays shall be located adjacent to the pertaining
LCU. The cubicles shall be designed to be of a uniform appearance.
4.11.2.5 Power Supply Systems
The SCS shall be supplied by the 220 VAC un-interruptible power supply
system with necessary battery backup for operation of the SCS system for at
least 60 minutes.
The LCUs shall be supplied by the 220 V DC systems. Other voltages used
shall be supplied from internal supplies inside LCUs. All internal power
supplies shall be 100 % redundant systems / back-up.
4.11.2.6 Engineering
The Contractor shall perform all necessary engineering work to establish all
control sequences, interlocking functions, etc. and present this to the Engineer
for review.
The Contractor shall perform the detailed engineering of the complete

installations:
• Configuration and design of the LCUs, SCS and necessary auxiliary

equipment.
48
• Design of the optical fibre communication link between the LCUs and the
SCS.
• Design of connections and interface to the process equipment.
• Design of the uninterruptible power supplies.
• Planning of the installation work, with layout and arrangement of all

equipment.
The Contractor shall perform all calculations required to determine the

necessary processing speed, memory size, access times, software parameter
limits, data storage organisation etc., in order to achieve a control system
meeting the criteria stated in the following articles.
The Contractor shall propose a design and arrangement for the control room
to be approved by the Engineer. The design shall comprise layout, furniture,
select wall, floor, ceiling materials and colours.
4.11.2.7 References
The equipment shall comply with the standards listed below:
IEC Safety IEC Safety Handbook containing all basic safety

standards
IEC 60331 Fire-resisting characteristics of electric cables

IEC 60439 Low-voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies
IEC 60801 Electromagnetic compatibility for industrial-process
measurement and control equipment
IEC 60848 Preparation of function charts for control systems
IEC 61131 Programmable controllers
4.11.3 Extent of Supply
4.11.3.1 Local Control Units (LCUs) for Generating Units
One computerised LCU based on a programmable logical controller (PLC)

shall be delivered for each generating unit, and shall be installed in cabinets
with process interface, protection relays and a mimic board. The unit shall be
autonomous. The cabinets shall be placed against the wall in the electrical
gallery floor. The control cable entry will be either from the level below or
from the top, as appropriate.
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The LCU for each generating unit shall as a minimum comprise the following
equipment:
• Cabinets for the equipment.
• Programmable logical controller (with necessary remote input/output

units, Remote I/O, if required)
• Software as required
• Local control panel
• Measuring converters (if necessary)
• Signal interface equipment
• Communication interface
• DC power and control voltage distribution
• Double uninterruptible internal DC power supply unit
• kWh meter with pulse contact output
• Indication and analogue instruments:
− Generator voltage, each phase with selector switch
− 132 kV busbar voltages
− Generator speed
− Frequency
− Active and reactive power
− Phase currents
− Excitation current
− Excitation voltage
− Turbine stroke limiter
− Turbine guide vane
− Generator HV circuit breaker (open/closed)
− Excitation DC circuit breaker (open/closed)
− Inlet valve position (open/closed)
− Lamp for activated start sequence
− Lamp for stop sequence
• Alphanumeric Display showing:
− Alarms
− Temperatures
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− Water Levels
− Speed Droop
• Control equipment:
− Station/Local operation selector switch
− Start mode selector
− Start push-button
− Stop push-button
− Emergency stop push-button with cover to avoid unintended

operation
− Autosynchroniser for generating unit
− Active power adjustment (increase/decrease)
− Voltage adjustment (raise/lower) push buttons
− Speed adjustment (raise/lower) push buttons
− Socket for portable synchronising unit
− Opening limiters raise/lower push buttons
− Other push buttons or switches required but whether or not specified

elsewhere in the specifications.
The programmable logical controller shall be capable of controlling the

following functions:
• Start and stop sequences for the generating unit.
• Synchronisation.
• Transfer of set point values to the voltage controller and to the turbine
governor.
• Power set point to the turbine governor.
• Monitoring temperatures for the generating unit.
• Monitoring the operational values of the generating unit.
• Local time tagging of all indications and alarms.
• Alarm annunciator system.
• Local panel for manual control.
• Controlling the 132 kV switchgear for the generating unit subsystems.
• Communication towards the station control system.
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4.11.3.2 Local Control Unit for Station Supply System and Auxiliaries
One computerised LCU based on a programmable logical controller shall be
delivered and installed in cabinets with process interface. The cabinets shall be
placed against the wall in the MV/LV switchgear room.
The interlocking and local monitoring and operation for each individual circuit
breaker should be locally from the 11 kV switchgear. The control should
either be based on a conventional or a computerised solution. Any
microprocessor based solution should utilise the control characteristic of the
relay protection system and reduce the number of components in the control
systems.
The Local Control Unit (LCU7) for the auxiliary system shall comprise the
following equipment:
• Cabinets for the equipment.
• Programmable logical controller (with necessary Remote I/O, if required).
• Measuring converters.
• Signal interface equipment.
• Communication interface.
• kWh meters for station service transformers 1 & 2 with pulse output
contacts.
• kWh & kVARh meters, one for each 132 KV transmission line.
• DC power and control voltage distribution.
• Double uninterruptible internal DC power supply unit.
• Software as required.
• Automatic start sequence for the diesel generating unit.
• Indication and analogue instruments:
− Bus-bar voltages
− Line currents (each 132 kV line)
− Line voltages (each 132 kV line)
− Standby diesel active power
− Circuit breakers (open/closed)
− Circuit breakers in test/service position
− Earth switches (open/closed)
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• Control equipment:
− Synch Check equipment for 11 kV distribution network
− Synch Check equipment for diesel generator set
− Automatic switch for diesel generating unit
− Circuit breakers (open/close)
− Circuit breakers in test/service position
− Station / Local operation selector switch
− Socket for portable synchronising unit
The programmable logical controller shall be capable of controlling the

following functions:
• Control of all MV circuit breakers.
• Control of LV incomers & bus tie circuit breakers / automatic switching

between the two 400 V power supplies.
• Process interface for information from the station supply system.
• Communication towards station control system.
• Control of emergency diesel generator.
4.11.3.3 Other Equipment
1 (one) portable synchronising unit for manual synchronising including

Synchro plug used for connection of the mobile unit.
4.11.3.4 Station Control System
For the overall control and monitoring of the entire power plant, one
computerised Station Control System shall be delivered.
Station Control System Hardware

The Power Station Control System (SCS) shall comprise the following
equipment:
• 2 (two) work stations each consisting of; 2 (two) full graphic colour display
monitors with alphanumeric keyboard and mouse.
• 1 (one) main server (computer) with disk storage system, internal power
supply, cubicle/rack, cables and installation hardware as required. The
main server can be integrated in the work stations. Alarm output with
minimum four potential-free normally open relay contacts for connection to
the station alarm system.
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• 1 (one) front-end communication unit with necessary channels for handling

the communication between the SCS and the LCUs, with internal power
supply, interconnection cables and installation hardware as required.
• Tape storage backup system, with internal power supply, interconnection

cables and installation hardware as required.
• 1 (one) terminal server with internal power supply, interconnection cables

and installation hardware.
• 2 (two) high-resolution and high-capacity pedestal mounted printers, one for

reports and one for event recording, with pedestal mounts, interface cables
and dust covers.
• 1 (one) colour printer, with pedestal mount, power cord, interface cable
and dust cover.
• 1 (one) lot of optical fiber communication cables for the power station and
the 11 kV switchgear. The communication layout can either be a bus
system, a loop system or a star system.
• One Station Alarm System, complete with alarm sounders as bells or

similar.
Station Control System Software

Control system software packages with software modules for the following
functions:
• Recording system
• Time synchronisation and time tagging system Blocking of information
• Acknowledging of information
• Command procedure
• Regulating commands and set-point commands Data security and

consistency
• Personnel admission security to the system
• Post mortem review
• On-line change of data
• On-line change of pictures
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• On-line trends Long term trends
• Software for kWh calculations, production plans etc.
• Self diagnosis
• Blocking facilities to protect all software against virus infection
• Full graphic picture building
• Software and licenses for system configuration
• Software and licenses for system maintenance.
Control Room Desk
• 1 (one) control desk for the main control room designed for the installation
of the work station, with drawers and chairs and interconnecting cables.
Personal Computer (PC)

The Personal Computer (PC) shall be equipped with Combo drive, 14” LCD
screen and separate standard IBM compatible keyboard and mouse.
The diskette drive shall be protected against use of unprofessional and private
diskettes.
The PC shall be equipped with the following program files:
• One Licensed Microsoft Windows Operating System (Latest version)
• One Microsoft Office Suite (Latest version)
• Licensed Anti-Virus software
4.11.4 Technical Requirements
4.11.4.1 Location
The SCS and the LCUs hardware and associated equipment shall be installed
as listed below. The arrangement of all equipment shall be the responsibility
of the Contractor. The arrangement shall be approved by the Engineer.
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Item Equipment Location
1 Main Station Control System

(SCS) Station Control Room
2 LCU 1 Electrical Gallery
8 LCU 7 MV/LV Switchgear Room
9 LCU 8 HV Switchyard
10 LCU 9 Intake
11 SCADA SCADA
4.11.4.2 Documentation
For his particular control system the Contractor shall submit complete system
documentation with service manuals and fault detection and rectification
procedures for all control system equipment, including computer equipment and
associated hardware furnished by him. The Contractor shall also include
complete software documentation.
The operation and maintenance manual shall as a minimum contain the

following:
• Technical specifications, covering the most important technical

specifications of the control system equipment and associated hardware,
with any reference data for data storage and processing, and any other
data the user might need during day-to-day operation.
• Block diagrams showing all major modules incorporated in the control

system.
• General system description of all control system equipment and major

modules, and particularly covering modules affecting the man-machine
interrelationship.
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• Operating instructions covering all system functions, such as start-up

procedures, back-up procedures, system services management, printer
operation, tape cartridge exchange, etc.
• Instructions for routine maintenance and user's first-aid actions, such as

replacing printer ribbons, tape station dusting / cleaning, etc.,
identification of faulty equipment and patching in or transferring operation
to stand-by units or modules.
• General system description of all main modules and operating features of

the various systems.
• Short-form descriptions and tables of syntax and contents of the various

software program modules, the operating system and any programming
languages included.
• Software and hardware manuals.
4.11.4.3 Over Voltage Protection
All power supply to the control system hardware shall be galvanically isolated
from the rest of the station supply system and shall be equipped with separate
Overvoltage protection devices consisting of varistor based arresters.
All computer equipment and all over voltage protection equipment shall be
earthed using insulated multicore Cu earth conductors with a cross sectional
area of adequate size.
4.11.4.4 Local Control Units
The individual LCU shall be designed for Station, Local and Manual control.
The LCUs shall transfer all essential information from the process to the SCS
and shall receive and transmit to the process all commands and control
signals from the SCS.
All equipment shall be of modular design. Particularly major units of the LCU
such as the micro-processor modules, memory modules, communication
modules, I/O-modules, internal power supplies, etc., shall all be easily
serviceable and replaceable.
The cubicles / compartments shall be designed so that discharges due to

static electricity build-up will not disturb the electronic circuits. All cubicles
shall be earthed according to the earthing specifications. Throughout the LCU
the signal earth shall be kept separated from the cubicle earth, and the two
earth systems shall be connected at one common point only. No ground loops
are allowed.
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Any equipment with forced air cooling or air convected cooling, and which may
be harmfully affected by a high content of dust in the air, also considering high
relative humidity, should be equipped with washable and reusable air filters in
front of all air inlets.
Under operation there shall be no need for personnel supervision of the LCUs
except for routine maintenance.
No failure in a LCU or in the communication equipment shall affect any of the

command output lines. All control and command signals shall be fixed at their
output values.
No local fault in a LCU shall affect the operation of any of the other LCUs. No
fault in any LCU shall interrupt or otherwise affect the operation of the power
plant.
The system shall check against unintended commands or controls and

commands or controls to wrong objects. All changeable objects shall be
checked for disagreement between the status indicated in the SCS work
station VDU and the actual status. The disagreement shall be printed out and
the operator shall be warned at the time the disagreement arises.
4.11.4.5 Programmable Logical Controllers (PLC)
The PLCs shall be programmable and based on micro-processor technology,

and shall perform all functions for accessing, analysing and act on the
information from the process, co-ordinate and perform the operational tasks
commanded by the SCS.
Local automatic tasks (programs) in any PLC shall have admission to input
data (status signals, measurements, etc.) and may redirect output commands
or control signals to any other PLC. Local operation, even when involving
another PLC, shall not depend on the higher SCS level being in operation.
All data and parameters specific to the individual PLCs, shall be stored in non-
volatile memory so that no local set-up or operation information will be lost by
loss of power to the PLC. Editing and input of local data and parameters shall
be performed locally by suitable programming equipment. Preferably it should
be possible to edit any such local data at the higher control level and down-
load this information via the communication system.
The PLCs shall be provided with a watch-dog function for surveillance and
warning of internal faults. The PLC shall report to the SCS all detected
operating inconsistencies.
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The command and control outputs from the PLC shall be blocked. The last
operational outputs shall be retained. New commands have to be given
manually from the local control board until the fault has been acknowledged.
The PLC shall include a real-time, programmable hardware clock to be used for
time-tagging of external and internal signals (events) registered. The clock
shall be set and synchronised from the SCS.
The PLC shall include facilities for direct connection to a printer for local event
recording (mainly for use during installation and commissioning, or later to
simplify maintenance).
The LC software shall mainly be according to the Contractor's standard

software but shall at least comprise the following functions:
• Application program modules for fulfilling the program algorithms stated in

these specifications.
• Acquisition of data.
• Generation of controls / commands.
• Recording of any status, operational or fault signal with a time resolution

and accuracy of at least 10 ms.
• Local event recording through local printer when connected.
The LC shall have sufficient memory capacity for temporary storage in case of
loss of communication with the SCS for at least 2 times of the set status per
single signal input.
4.11.4.6 Manual Control Board
The design of the local control panels shall have equipment for status and
control of major parts such as generator, turbine, breakers, switches, control of
alarm level set-points, etc. The board shall be equipped with a mimic diagram
which shall visualise the controlled process.
A front-mounted switch, one for each LCU, shall allow to select the three
available modes of operation:
STATION: The operation of the system is performed from the station control
room. The LCU and SCS are controlling the process, i.e. command
procedures, automatic control procedures, interlocking routines, etc. The LCU
manual control board is disconnected. All LCU indications are active in this
mode.
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LOCAL: The operation of the objects connected to the LCU is performed from
the manual control board. Other LCUs in mode "STATION" shall not be
influenced. All commands and control outputs shall be checked for consistency
and legality by the PLC and transferred to the process through the normal PLC
signal interfaces. The LCU manual control board is in operation. The
communication to SCS is limited to transfer of status signals. There is no
communication to other LCUs.
MANUAL: The LCU is out of automatic operation. In this mode the operations
have to be performed locally on each object.
4.11.4.7 Signal Interface
All LCUs shall be equipped with interface equipment for data communication.
All signal inputs or outputs shall be galvanically isolated from the internal
electronics of the PLCs by optical couplers, intermediate relays, transformers
or other suitable devices. The signal I/O (input/output) modules shall be
equipped with local status of active signals.
a) Digital Input Signals
Digital input signals shall be provided by potential free, normally open

contacts. The control voltage shall be 220 V DC supplied from the station
batteries. The inputs shall be equipped with hardware or software facilities for
bounce-free detection of signals to avoid false signal generation. The time
constant for the filter shall be adjustable up to 10 ms.
b) Digital Output Control and Command Signals
Digital output control signals shall be transmitted via intermediate relays with
potential free contacts capable of handling minimum 220 V DC or 230 V AC.
The closing time shall be free programmable to satisfy on the operational
requirements. Each control output shall consist of two digital output signals,
one for each control direction, up/down, close/open, etc. The system software
shall have provisions to prevent the PLC to give simultaneous commands.
c) Analogue Input Signals
A/D (analogue/digital) converters shall have minimum 11 bits resolution with a

converting accuracy of 0.5 % or better. Analogue signals from converters
should be 4-20 mA.
d) Analogue Signals from PT-100 Elements
3 conductor cables shall be provided for the PT-100 temperature

measurement. The PLC shall have facilities to calibrate for the cable
resistance.
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e) Impulse Input Signals
For registration of impulses from the kWh/kVARh-meters, digital inputs

capable of handling pulse-frequencies up to 5 Hz shall be provided. The PLC
shall be equipped with internal totalling registers for each of the metering
pulse inputs. It shall be possible to check and edit the registers locally at the
PLCs. The register contents are transferred to the SCS. If the communication
is interrupted the PLC shall store the kWh figures for at least 240 hours and
automatically transfer the register content when the communication is re-
established.
4.11.4.8 Measuring Converters
The LCUs shall be equipped with measuring converters according to the

number of signals required for the respective LCU. The converters shall have
the following technical data:
Voltage Measuring Converters:

- Supply voltage if required: 220 V DC
- input voltage: 110 VAC
- Overload: 20%
- Converting resolution: 0.5 % or better
- Converting accuracy: 1.0%or better
Current Measuring Converters:
- Input current: 1 A
- Overload: 20%
- Converting accuracy: 1.0% or better
Power Measuring Converters:
- Input voltage: 0-110 V AC
- Input current: 0-1A
- Overload: 20%
- Converting accuracy: 1.0% or better
Power Factor Measuring Converters:
- Input voltage: 0-110 V AC
- Input current: 0-1 A
- Overload: 20%
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- Converting accuracy: 1.0 % orbetter
kWh/kVARh meters
The kWh meters shall be of electronic type for 3 phase measurements. The
following accuracy class is required:
Class
Meter:
kWh kVArh
Generator 1
Generator 2
Generator 3
0,5 1,0 (*)
Generator 4
Generator 5
Generator 6
ST1, 400 V 0,5 1,0
ST2, 400 V 0,5 1,0
( * ) two direction meters
All meters should be equipped with double pulse contacts for recording of
metered kWh and kVARh.
4.11.4.9 LCU 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 for the Generating Units
The LCUs for the generating units shall be programmed for fully automatic
start and stop procedures. The initiated procedure shall perform sequentially
all command actions. The sequence of operations and the immediate status
shall be visualised at the SCS work stations.
All automatic start and trip A, B and C sequences should be implemented as

software in the Logical Controller (PLC). In addition each generating unit shall
be provided with a separate and independent automatic emergency stop
function.
All start sequences shall be possible to run step by step. The "step by step"
mode should be activated using a switch or similar at the LCU. In the "step
mode", next step should be activated manually from the LCU.
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The Automatic synchronising equipment shall control the voltage and

frequency of the generating unit. Closing of the generator circuit breaker shall
be possible only with the slip angle less than 20°, the voltage difference less
than 10% and the frequency difference less than 0.5 Hz. The synchronising
parameters time shall be free programmable to satisfy on the operational
requirements. The synchronising software module shall control the generator
HV circuit breaker closure within an adjustable, preset time, and shall
generate an alarm signal if this time limit is exceeded. The synchronising
equipment shall also include a dead bus function.
Manual synchronising shall be performed with the portable synchronising unit

at the LCU.
Start and stop of the Generating Units:
Start Mode 1: Automatic Start

Normal start, fully automatic, with automatic synchronising to the grid / 11 kV
distribution network. This sequence shall be initiated manually either from the
Station Control System (SCS) or from the relevant LCU.
Start Mode 2: Semi-automatic Start

Automatic start sequence up to unit running, not-energised and at rated
speed. Energising and synchronising can then be selected as Automatic or
Manual. This sequence shall also be initiated manually either from the Station
Control System or from the relevant LCU.
Unit Tripping (Trip A)

Manual controlled tripping shall be performed with decreasing of load,
decreasing of the automatic voltage regulator setting and subsequent tripping
of the generator circuit breaker and the excitation breaker.
Automatic tripping shall be initiated by selected fault conditions, with

instantaneous tripping of the generator circuit breaker and excitation breaker,
and subsequent automatic reduction of the load and the automatic voltage
regulator settings. The unit shall remain running at rated speed and de-
energised.
Stop Mode 1: Normal Stop (Trip B)

Automatic stop sequence to unit standstill, starting with reduction of load and
subsequent tripping of circuit breakers. Sequence shall by normal operation
be initiated manually either from the Station Control System or from the
relevant LCU.
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The sequence shall in addition be initiated by selected critical fault conditions.
Stop Mode 2: Stop by Electrical Faults (Trip C)

Automatic stop sequence to unit standstill, starting with tripping of circuit
breakers and subsequent closing of the waterway.
The sequence shall be initiated by selected electrical fault conditions.
Emergency Stop: Independent Stop Function

The generating unit shall be equipped with a separate emergency stop
function. The emergency stop function shall give stop signal to the turbine
governor, close the waterway and trip the generator circuit breaker and
excitation breaker. In addition the emergency stop shall activate trip A, B and
C.
The power supply for the emergency stop function shall be from a different DC
supply than the trip A, B and C.
Emergency stop shall be activated from a push button in the LCU at the
electrical gallery, from the main control room and also from critical trip signals
from each important functional unit for the generating units if the Logical
Controller (PLC) is out of operation.
All sequential steps during the start and the stop operation shall be recorded
on the event recorder list in the SCS and shall be printed out on request.
4.11.4.10 Station Supply System (LCU 7)
This LCU shall be located in the MV / LV switchgear room in the powerhouse.

In addition to the auxiliary power supply, this LCU shall supervise the drainage
pumps, ventilation system, fire fighting water pump, light and small power etc.
The LCU shall be interfaced with the 11 kV switchgear for monitoring of circuit
breakers and protection relays operation status as well as control /
synchronising of 11 kV distribution network and 400V emergency diesel
generator circuit breakers.
The LCU shall supervise the powerhouse station power supply system and
provide automatic switching to the available power sources according to
agreed priority schedule.
An automatic synchronising unit or synchronisation software module for

operation of the circuit breakers for the line to 11 KV distribution network and
the diesel generating unit shall be provided and shall be accessible when
operating in either STATION or LOCAL operational mode, i.e. the start
synchronisation signal shall be activated from either the SCS or the LCU.
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In case of automatic synchronising, closing the circuit breakers shall only be

possible with the slip angle less than 200, the voltage difference less than 10%
and the frequency difference less than 0.5 Hz. The synchronising parameters
time shall be free programmable to satisfy on the operational requirements.
Synchronising equipment shall also be equipped with dead bus function.
The synchronising unit shall control the circuit breaker closure within an
adjustable, pre-set time, and shall generate an alarm signal if this time limit is
exceeded.
The circuit breakers shall also be equipped with necessary equipment for
manual synchronising performed with a portable synchronising unit.
The LCU 7 shall cover the 11 kV switchgear and the 400 V distribution system
for common auxiliaries. Normally the power supply to essential equipment
shall be supplied from the main distribution boards, but when black-out occurs
in the main system, the feeders connected to the essential equipment shall be
supplied from the standby diesel generator.
If no other supply is available, the standby diesel generating unit, designed for
automatic start, shall provide power to essential equipment. The LCU shall
generate an automatic start up of the diesel generating unit in sequence in
case of a power supply failure at the 11 kV switchgear. Upon restoration of
the main power supply when the emergency diesel generator is already
supplying the essential load, it shall be possible to manually synchronise the
EDG with the main system, unload the EDG and shut it down both from LCU
and SCS in the control room. It shall also be possible to start, synchronise,
load, run for as long as required; and then unload and shutdown the emergency
diesel generator from the LCU for periodic testing. All the above functionality
and control logic shall be built into the LCU.
4.11.4.11 Station Control Systems
The Station Control System (SCS) shall be complete with all necessary
technical facilities for communication with the lower level Local Control Units.
All data storage media and software shall be checked for inherent faults and
virus before delivery, and shall be guaranteed error-free.
All equipment shall be of modular design. Major units such as servers,

primary memory modules, I/O ports, hard disk drives, tape drives, peripherals
controllers, internal power supplies etc., shall be easily serviceable and
replaceable modules or parts of such modules.
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The control system shall satisfy the response time criteria stipulated below:
• Time to bring up new mimic diagram on work station display, with all
dynamic information displayed as stored in the computer databases.
Maximum 3.0 seconds.
• Time to regenerate the total status information for the station by updating
all databases with the total signal information from all LCUs:
Maximum 30 seconds.
In the above time response requirements, any time required for the transfer of
the necessary information between the LCUs and SCS, shall be included in the
stated maximum time response limits. The response time of the displays shall
not be significantly affected by any amount of communication between any
unit, not relevant to the information in the actual display.
Under normal conditions there shall be no need for personnel supervision

besides normal (routine) maintenance.
Any alarm condition reported, whether critical or non-critical for the operation
of the power station, shall generate an audible and a visual alarm signal to
alert the operators.
For test purposes and control of operation, and in case of failure of any
equipment, it shall be possible from the SCS to change limit values, set point
values, alarms and commands in any LCU without affecting the system.
No fault in the SCS shall interrupt or affect the operation of the power station.
The SCS internal clocks shall have the possibility to be synchronised from an
external system.
Backup copying and program maintenance shall be possible without

interfering with the actual operation of the control systems.
Software Functions
The software functions shall be finally decided during the detailed design
phase and in close co-operation between the Engineer and the Contractor.
For the purpose of tendering, the following requirements shall apply:
a) Control and MMI- Functions

The Control System Software shall include all normal control and MMI-
software functions such as:
• Data acquisition from all LCUs, including status signals, fault signals,
analogue measurements, etc.
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• Transferring command and control outputs to the LCU.
• Alarm handling and event recording.
• Dynamic colouring.
• Dynamic presentation of the start / stop sequence for each generator set.
• Database functions for storage of momentary status, fault and

measurement information and for long-time storage of measurement data
for historical analysis, for trend-displays and for storage of production
data, water system data, etc. for periodical reports. Information for the
last 30 days shall be stored in the server memory. Long term storage
shall be stored on Disk Drives or similar equipment.
• Status reports, measurement reports and production reports, etc. The

reports shall be automatically presented at pre-defined times or manually
initiated by the operator.
b) Higher Level Functions

The Control System Software shall additionally include, but not be limited to
higher level functions such as:
Historical trends of any analogue measurement value as pre-defined and at any

time changed by the operator. The minimum resolution shall be five minutes
or less for daily trends, progressively increasing (by averaging the day-values)
to one hour for weekly trends up to a maximum of one day for yearly trends.
Zooming of the area to view and a dynamically change of scales shall be
provided. It shall be possible at any time to define a minimum of twenty
measurement values for simultaneous storage of data for later trend display.
c) Energy Recording Scheme

All individual kWh and kVARh readings for meters listed in specifications,
"kWh / kVARh meters" shall be presented on operator's request. In addition,
the following energy records shall be computed:
• Total gross production for the power plant
• Total net production on outgoing transmission lines / feeders
• Station consumption on 400 V level
• Delivery to the 11 kV switchgear.
kWh production reports shall be presented automatically at pre-defined times

or manually at the initiative of the operator.
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The kWh-reports shall present production values for each generating unit,
each out-going line and computed records as above with following reports:
• Daily reports of hourly production values, including lowest and highest

hourly value (with time identification) and average over the day.
• Weekly reports of daily averages, including lowest and highest hourly

value (with date and time identification) in the week.
• Monthly reports of daily averages, including lowest and highest daily

average and lowest and highest hourly value (with date and time
identification) in the month.
• Yearly reports of monthly average, including lowest and highest daily

average and lowest and highest hourly value (with date and time
identification) in the year.
In the case of lost data due to faults in the acquisition system or any other
faults like missing data, the Contractor shall propose a replacing strategy.
The software shall perform any recalculations required to correct erroneous
data in the weekly, monthly and yearly reports.
4.11.4.12 Process Computers
The main aspects of the main server shall be:
• 32/64 bit processing units
• Real-time operating system.
• Automatic boot-strap routine.
• Hardware diagnostic test routines for CPU and memory modules,

automatically initiated during power-up, and diagnostic supporting
hardware and facilities for on-line and off-line diagnosis.
• Hardware floating point processor.
• Real-time hardware clock and programmable time-date-year clock.
4.11.4.13 Workstations
The SCS work stations in the main control room shall consist of three LCD units
with keyboard and mouse.
The LCDs shall be of high quality and high resolution.
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The LCDs shall be designed according to accepted ergonomic requirements,

particularly the following features are considered important:
• Anti-reflection treated screen.
• Widely adjustable intensity and contrast.
• High scanning frequency.
• Adjustable in height.
• Adjustable in the vertical plane (tilt) and the horizontal plane (turn).
4.11.4.14 Printers
The printers shall have full graphic capabilities and shall as minimum have the
following specifications:
Paper width corresponding to A3 format
Noise level: <55 dBA

Printing speed (ASCII output): 150 char/sec
Characters per line: 80
The printers shall be capable of printing letters of the Latin vocabulary. In this
mode the printing speed shall at least correspond to one full line every 2
seconds.
For output in English the printers shall be capable of printing the full ASCII set
(96 characters).
The paper feeding mechanism for the protocols shall have tractor or pin
feeding for fan-folded, continuous paper. Normal paper shall be used.
4.11.4.15 Personal Computer (PC)
The Personal Computer (PC) shall be equipped with USB ports, CD read /
write driver, colour LCD screen and separate standard IBM compatible
keyboard and mouse.
The PC shall be high quality, complying with the following minimum require-
ments:
CPU shall be: Latest Specifications

RAM capacity: According to Plant Requirements
Hard disk capacity: According to Plant Requirements
The USB port and CD writer drivers shall be protected against use of
unprofessional and private CDs.
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The PC shall be equipped with the following:
• Licensed and latest version of Windows Operating System
• Licensed and latest version of Microsoft Office Suite
• Licensed and latest version of Anti-Virus system.
4.11.4.16 Fiber Optical Communication System
The communication system between the SCS and the LCUs shall consist of a
fiber-optical communication loop system. The actual status of the individual
communication loops shall be displayed in the relevant work station at all
times.
The Contractor shall perform any calculations required to determine the

necessary requirements as to communication speed, access times, etc. The
actual configuration and detailed engineering will be the responsibility of the
Contractor. To minimise the effect of faults in the data transmission between
the SCS and the LCUs, the listed data for the communication protocol shall be
regarded as minimum.
The code efficiency shall at least be equivalent to Hamming-distance 4.
All data blocks are required to be re-transmitted when transmission faults are
detected. Alarm signals are to be received correctly before the command
routine is initiated.
The probability of an erroneous data block being accepted as correct due to

non detected faults in the data transmission is to be less than 1 per 10 years,
theoretically calculated at continuous transmission at 1200 bits and at a bit
error rate level of 10-4.
All faults detected in the data transmission shall be reported. Interruption in

the communication shall automatically be displayed as an alarm and stored in
the event list.
Weekly reports of the communication system shall be generated.
4.11.4.17 Fiber Optical Cables
The Contractor shall perform any calculations required to determine the

necessary dimension and requirements of the fiber-optical cable. It will,
however, be assumed that the following main aspects of the cable shall be
regarded as minimum:
• 8 Mbit/s capacity
• Programmable alarm outputs
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• Plug-in units
• Two fibre cable
• Outer polyethylene jacket
• Moisture blocking filling gel
• Crush resistance 2000 N/cm
• Min. bend radius 15 times cable diameter. The cable shall be of fire-
resistant type of insulation
4.11.5 Tests
4.11.5.1 General
The testing shall be performed in accordance with the IEC recommendations

for the actual equipment.
The testing shall consist of a complete functional test and a technical test to
verify significant technical specifications.
The test plans and test specifications for both the factory tests and the site
tests shall be presented to the Employer / Engineer and approved by him in
due time before the actual test shall be performed.
All test results shall likewise be presented to the Employer / Engineer for
approval.
4.11.5.2 Factory Tests
The Contractor shall perform comprehensive functional tests for all equipment
according to a predefined schedule, suggested by the Contractor and approved
by the Employer / Engineer.
The test shall be on the assembled system with the communication system.
4.11.5.3 Site Tests, Commissioning and Test on Completion
The Contractor shall perform comprehensive functional tests for all equipment
according to a predefined schedule, suggested by the Contractor and approved
by the Employer / Engineer.
4.12. PROTECTION SYSTEM
4.12.1 General
This section covers the protection systems. Within the frame of this technical
specification the Contractor shall deliver a system based on the Contractor's
well proven hardware and software.
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The Bidder shall describe the protection system hardware and software as to
contents, operation, functions and any special feature in sufficient detail to
enable verification of compliance with the Tender Documents. Any
operational restrictions of the proposed protection system or any particular
hardware or software modules required for fully utilising the facilities of the
offered software packages shall be clearly stated.
The protection systems shall be arranged as decentralized units as close to the

respective components as practical. For monitoring and failure registration
these units shall be linked to the relevant local control unit (LCU).
The protection relays shall be part of the local control unit but operationally
independent from the local computer.
The function of the protection relays shall not depend on the control system.
The protection system shall provide selectivity between selected protection

zones.
The protection system shall be organized in two groups, so that one group
provides back-up protection for the other group, and to obtain optimal
redundancy.
4.12.2 References
The equipment shall comply with the standards listed below:
IEC Safety IEC Safety Handbook containing all basic safety

standards
IEC 60331 Fire-resisting characteristics of electric cables
IEC 60439 Low-voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies
IEC 60801 Electromagnetic compatibility for industrial-process
measurement and control equipment
IEC 60848 Preparation of function charts for control systems
IEC 61131 Programmable controllers
4.12.3 Extent of Supply
4.12.3.1 Generator Protection
For each of the generating unit, the following protection relays shall be
delivered:
• Over - voltage relay
• Under - Voltage relay
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• Under / Over frequency
• Winding thermal relay
• Overall differential relay
• Reverse power relay
• Negative sequence current relay
• Loss of excitation relay (Minimum reactance relay)
• Rotor (field winding) earth fault relay
• Three phase generator differential current relay
• Excitation transformer over-current relay
• Stator earth fault relay
• Definite time over current relay
• Inverse time over current relay
• Rotational speed relay with two individual settings:

¾ Level 1: 0 - 1% of nominal speed for creep warning.
¾ Level 2: 100 - 200% of nominal speed for over speed tripping.
Check synchronism relay.
4.12.3.2 Main Transformer Protection
For each of the main transformers, the following protection relays shall be
delivered:
• Three phase overcurrent relay with two independent settings for

instantaneous and time-delayed trip
• Neutral point earth fault current relay
• Gas and temperature protection of transformer.
4.12.3.3 132 kV Lines / Feeder Protection
For each 132 KV feeder, the following protection relays shall be provided:
• Three phase overcurrent relay
• Earth Fault
• Impedance Relay
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4.12.3.4 Auxiliary Transformer Protections
• Instantaneous over current protection
• Single phase earth fault protection
• Fixed time over current protection.
4.12.3.5 Tools and Accessories
• 1 (one) portable relay testing unit for secondary injection tests to be

applied on all protection relays.
• 1 (one) set of plugs for relay testing complete with connection cable to the
test unit.
• 1 (one) set of any tools, plugs or devices needed for occasional blocking
of relay functions during commissioning or special operation conditions.
4.12.4.1 Protection Equipment
Only relays of a reputed make and of a high quality which have been duly
demonstrated in actual service will be accepted. The protection relays and
associated auxiliary relays shall be the standard product of an experienced
and reliable protection relay manufacturer. The relays shall be numerical
microprocessor based, rack mounted and based on modern technology. The
relays shall preferably be of the same make (manufacture) to build a uniform
modular system.
Electric protection relays shall be mounted in such a way that they are not
affected by external magnetic fields. Current measuring relays shall be
insensitive to the DC component and over-harmonic frequencies in the fault
currents and to network frequency changes.
The relays shall preferably be of the plugged type mounted on swing-out

frame to permit rapid replacement. The construction shall be sturdy and such
that all parts are easily accessible for adjustment.
All relays shall be provided with at least two separate pairs of independent
contacts. Additional contacts for initiating alarms shall be provided. All relays
which are connected either to a tripping circuit of a circuit breaker or to the coil
of an auxiliary tripping relay, shall be provided with approved indicators.
Unless otherwise required for special purposes, protection relays shall remain
in the tripped position until the operator resets the relay manually.
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Relays shall be capable of withstanding at least one million operations without

any defects. The contacts shall be of silver, platinum or other approved
material and shall be capable of repeated operation without deterioration.
Each protection relay shall be provided with facilities for connection of relay
testing equipment. The facilities shall include plugs for connecting the testing
equipment, switches for disconnecting the primary circuit of the relay and
disconnecting the tripping circuit. The test plug shall be constructed in such a
way that when the relays are pulled out, the circuits of the current
transformers will automatically be shunted.
Auxiliary power shall be taken from the 220 V DC system only. Separate
circuits shall serve the two groups of relays in order to obtain maximum
redundancy and reliability. The relays shall operate properly with voltage
variations of -20% to +10%.
4.12.4.2 Fault Clearance Time
Maximum Fault clearance time shall be 60-80 ms due to stability

considerations.
4.12.4.3 Overcurrent Relays
Relays for protection of main high voltage circuits shall have three
independent measuring elements or shall alternatively be three single phase
relays in one functional unit.
Relays for transformer neutrals shall be single-phase units.
• Instantaneous current setting range: 2 - 20 x IN
• Time delayed current setting range: 0.1 - 2.0 x IN
• Time dial setting range: 0.02 - 5 sec. (minimum) preferably digital

presentation
• Multi-characteristic trip curves
• Resetting ratio better than 95%.
4.12.4.4 Differential Current Relays
For generators and over all protection:
The relays shall be three-phase units with the following minimum

requirements:
• Setting range: 10 - 50 %
• Pick-up value: 50 %
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All relays shall be absolutely stable in fault current situations.
4.12.4.5 Reverse Power Relay
• Setting range 0.5 - 5% of nominal active power.
• Time delay setting range: 1 - 10 s
4.12.4.6 Negative Sequence Relay
Pick-up value for alarm: 3-15%
’’ ’’ ” tripping: 15-40%
Time dial setting for alarm: 0.5-5s
’’ ’’ ” tripping: 1.5-15s
4.12.4.7 Overvoltage Relay
• Setting range for tripping:

Delayed and instantaneous trip: 0.2 - 2.O X UN
• Time dial setting: 0 - 10 sec digital presentation

(independent of voltage)
• Resetting ratio better than 95/105%.
4.12.4.8 Rotor Earth Fault Relay
• Setting: 0-10 k Ω
• Time dial setting: 0.5 - 5.0 sec digital presentation.
• Low pass filter for attenuation of over-harmonic frequencies.
4.12.4.9 Transformer Neutral Earth Fault Relay
• Current setting range: 5 - 20% of transformer rated current
• Time delay setting: 0 - 1 s.
4.12.4.10 Loss of Excitation Relay (Field Failure Relay)
• Minimum reactance relay of circular characteristics.
• Pick-up value setting: 0 - 100% of generator Xd
• Undercurrent setting: 0.2 x IN
• Time dial setting: 0.1 - 2 sec.
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4.12.4.11 Stator Earth Fault Relay
• Cover at least 95% of stator winding.
• 100%: Cover the entire stator winding including star point.
• Pick-up value setting : 1 - 10 % of U
• Time dial setting: 0.2 - 2 s, independent of voltage, preferably

digital presentation.
• Insensitive to earth fault on 11 kV side of transformers.
4.12.4.12 Over-Excitation Relay
• Frequency range: 2 - 75 Hz
• Measuring range: 100 - 150%
• Trip settings range: 1.5 - 3 V/Hz
• Time delay setting: 1-4s
4.12.4.13 Overcurrent and Earth Fault Relays for 132 kV Line Protection
Microprocessor based 3-phase over-current relay with instantaneous element

to serve normally as non-directional over-current protection, but shall have the
facility of selection of inverse characteristics: standard inverse, very inverse,
long time inverse, extremely inverse and also definite time over-current.
Current setting range shall be 50% to 200% of IN and time multiplier for
inverse characteristics shall be 0.05 to 1.0 on all characteristics.
Instantaneous current setting scale shall be from 5 x Ig and above. It shall be
conveniently possible to block instantaneous element as and when required.
Micrprocessor based 1-phase inverse definite minimum time, earth fault relay
with instantaneous element current setting range shall be 10% to 200% of IN
and time multiplier setting shall be 0.05 to 1.0. Instantaneous element current
setting range shall be as above with separate indicator and trip out.
The protective relays for feeder protection shall be installed in the respective
line/ feeder circuit breaker cubicles.
4.12.4.14 Hydraulic Detectors
Hydraulic detectors shall be installed in the surge tank structure. They shall be
located in such a way that the thresholds for low level, very low level and high
level are available at the plant.
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Very low level shall trip all units running to emergency shutdown. Low level
shall activate an alarm ordering the operator to decrease urgently the speed
governor set point until the alarm disappears. High level threshold shall be
located just under the nominal range, all the units running at full load and the
alarm shall order the operator to decrease slightly the speed governor set
point. Each detector shall operate independently.
Contract operation shall act only with gravity for reliability purpose. Signals
shall be transmitted to the plant through armoured cable. All the analogue
and on/off signals from the level detectors shall be connected to LCU 7 from
where these be communicated to the generating units LCUs 1-6 for protection,
alarm and monitoring.
4.12.4.15 Miscellaneous Apparatus
(i) Testing blocks for all voltage and current circuits

(ii) Alarm, acknowledgement and lamp test push buttons
4.13. CABLES, CABLES TRAYS, GROUNDING
4.13.1 Power and Control Cables
4.13.1.1 General
The supply includes the single core and multi-core cables of medium voltage
11 kV and 3.3 kV (if required), low voltage 400 V, and control, protection and
metering Technical Description
Cables shall be composed of:
• Conductors, solid or stranded plain copper conforming to IEC 60228.

Conductor screen for medium voltage cables of extruded sheath or
tape.
• Conductor insulation of PVC or XLPE identified by colour code

according to applicable IEC 60446: Identification by colours.
• Black outer sheath of PVC for medium and low voltage. Grey outer
sheath of PVC for control and metering cables.
4.13.1.2 Main Technical Characteristics
The conductor cross section shall be calculated according to
(i) Rated current at temperature of 90°C for MV cables and 90°C or

70°C for L V cables.
Short circuit current at temperature of 250°C for MV cables and
250°C or 160°C for L V cables.
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(ii) Maximum voltage drop 5 %.

(iii) Ambient temperature of 40°C.
4.13.2 Medium Voltage Cable 11 kV
Medium voltage cables shall be multi-radial field type conforming to IEC

60502.
• Type Unipolar
• Insulating material PVC or XLPE
• Rated voltage 8.7/15 kV for 11 kV cables
• Highest rated temperature 250°C
• Conductor Copper
• Class 2
• Assembly of cores
¾ Inner covering and fillers Plastic or PVC
¾ Intermediate sheath Polyvinyl chloride
¾ Separation sheath Paraffin waxed crepe paper
• Metallic layers for core cables

¾ Armour Steel
¾ Non metallic outer sheath PVC
¾ Fire behaviour Flame retardant IEC 60332
4.13.3 Medium Voltage Cable 3.3 kV (if required)
Medium voltage cables shall be multi radial filled type confirming to IEC
60502.
• Type Unipolar
• Insulation material PVC or XLPE
• Rated Voltage 1.9 / 3.3 kV
• Highest rated temperature 250°C
• Class 2
• Assembly of cores
¾ Inner covering and fillers Plastic or PVC
¾ Intermediate Sheath Polyvinyl Chloride
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¾ Separator Sheath Paraffin Waxed crepe paper
• Metallic layer for core cables

¾ Armour Steel
¾ Non metallic outer sheath PVC
¾ Fibre behavior Flame retardant IEC 60332.
4.13.4 Low Voltage Cable
Low voltage cables shall be of insulation type with a minimum conductor cross
section of 2.5 mm2 for auxiliary power and shall conform to IEC 60502.
• Rated voltage 600/1000 V
• Class 1 or 2
• Number of cores 4
• Metallic armour None
• Non metallic outer sheath PVC
• Fire behaviour Flame retardant IEC 60332
4.13.5 Control Cable
Control cables shall be of insulation type multiconductors with a minimum

conductor cross section of 1.5 mm2 for command and control and shall
conform to the relevant IEC standards.
• Class 1 or 2
• Number of cores Multicores
• Fire behaviour Flame retardant IEC 60332
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4.13.6 Metering and Protection Circuits Cable
Metering and protection circuit cables shall be of 600/1000V insulation type

multiconductors with a minimum conductor cross section of 4 mm2 for voltage
circuit and 6 mm2 for current circuit and shall conform to relevant IEC
standards.
• Class 1 or 2
• Fire behaviour Flame retardant IEC 60332.
4.13.7 Measuring Cable
Measuring cables of 500V insulation shall be of multipair type with a minimum

cross section of 0.88 mm2. The pairs shall be individually twisted and shall
conform to IEC 67227 -PVC insulated cables of rated voltage 450/750V.
• Insulating material PVC
• Class 2 or 5
• Shielding Aluminum tape with spiral plastic
• Metallic armour none
4.13.8 Telephone Cable
Telephone cables of 200V insulation shall have minimum cross section of 0.9
mm2. The pairs be of multipairs type and shall be individually tested.
• Insulation voltage 200V
• Class 1
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• Number of cores Multicores
• Shielding Aluminum tape with
• Continuity wire
4.13.9 Cable Trays
Scope of Supply: This specification defines technical characteristics for the

continual structure cable trays.
The cable trays are the mechanical means of carrying the cables between
various equipment within the power station. They include trays, support
ladders and sectional irons, etc.
4.13.9.1 Technical Description
Cable Trays
The cable trays consist of trays: ladder type or perforated plate type fitted on
brackets.
The brackets are themselves fixed to the vertical supports or hanging supports
fixed to the main building structure, or they are directly fixed to the concrete
walls.
The cable trays are said to be "single" when one or more trays are fitted on
one side only of their support or on the wall.
The cable trays are said to be "dual" when trays are fitted on both sides of
their support".
The tray working widths (free internal space between two sides) shall be 100,
200, 300 mm or equivalent.
The design of the trays shall be such that appropriate natural ventilation of the
cables and their easy outlet through the trays lower part are ensured.
The connection pieces used for the direction or level changes shall be
calculated taking into account the cables radius or curvature.
The general structure of the cable trays shall be designed to receive a cover for
eventual mechanical protection.
The vertical cable trays may consist of one or several cable risers that are
parallel on a vertical plan.
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Each tray shall be made of pieces, fitted on the supports. These supports
shall be directly gripped in the construction structures of the station or in
special frame.
The cable trays for measuring cables shall be made of plain or perforated
sheet metal with, folded flanges and fitted with a lid.
Surface Treatments
The cable trays equipment shall be protected against corrosion by
galvanization.
For the supports and brackets they shall be hot dip galvanized after
manufacturing.
The steel shall be galvanized directly by immersion in a bath of molten zinc

according to relevant IEC or equivalent International Standards.
The thickness of the coating shall be about 15 microns per side (275 g /sq. m.)
The protection of the section after shearing or boring shall be ensured by
means of anodic diffusion Zn -Fe -Zn and the formation of zinc hydroxide at the
point where the steel is sheared.
After site welding or cutting the cold galvanization shall be carried out by
SENDZIMIR process, the bolts and nuts allowing fixation of the cable trays
shall be electro-galvanized.
4.13.10 Admissible Loads
The hanging vertical supports shall be suitable for a longitudinal static traction
force of 1000 to 2000 dan without permanent distortion depending of the
number of brackets.
The bracket must support 80 dan maximum static load applied at their middle
without permanent distortion.
The cable trays must support a static load 50 dan/m, uniformly distributed.
4.13.11 Grounding
4.13.11.1 General
The purpose of the electric earthing installation is to ensure:
• Staff and installation protection in the event of an accidental contact

between electric conductor and earth.
• Precipitation of static or overvoltage discharge at ground.
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• Neutral point earthing of the distribution network in order to ensure the

correct operation of the protecting devices.
• Potential equalization between every installation and metal part which is

not current carrying.
In order to meet with these conditions, a deeply underground earth network
called "Earth connection" and external interconnected networks called
"Earthing circuit" shall be carried out at the level of the power house work.
Detailed calculations of the grounding system for allowable touch and step
voltages and potential gradient control scheme shall be provided by the
Contractor during project execution stage and shall be subject to approval of
Engineer.
4.13.11.2 Technical Description
(i) Underground earth connection
The earth connection shall consist of a copper cable with an appropriate

section subordinated to the underground resistivity, laid in excavation bottom
around the power station work, forming several main loops (meshed 10m*5m)
which shall be interconnected.
These loops shall be made without any mechanical cut, the cable abutment
being welded.
The earth connection impedance shall be lower or equal to 1 ohm. The loops
shall be located principally under:
• Power house
• MV/LV Switchgear room
• Station service and generator step-up transformers
Every loop shall be connected to the other ones by means of two straps at
least, and the connections shall be made throughout.
Ground inspection covers shall be specially arranged. In these inspection

covers it shall be possible to insulate every loop in order to be able to perform
impedance checking or measurements. In the event of too high impedance, it
shall be possible to bind the loops to bare copper earth poles which are driven
in the ground 1.5 m deep. The cable to earth poles connection shall be made
by means of welds.
Every loop extremity bears the mark of the inspection cover in which other
extremity ends.
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(ii) General Earthing Circuit
The earth connection shall be such constituted that connections at several

points shall be possible which shall be accessible through inspection covers.
The general earth circuit of bare copper cable that internally belts in one or
several loops shall be provided in the following buildings:
- Power house
- Station service transformers and generator step-up transformers.
Connected to this circuit shall be the branch earth collectors connecting every
metal earth such as:
- Building frames
- Electro mechanical equipment metal frames
- MV & LV Switchgears and panel boards
- Cableways
- Armours and screens of power and control cables
- Eventual distribution neutrals.
In general, these collectors shall follow up the cable ways. They shall be
sheltered from mechanical or chemical deteriorations.
4.14. TELEPHONE SYSTEM
4.14.1 General
A state-of-the-art digital PABX for the administrative subscribers of the power

house and residences of the 48 MW Shounter Hydroelectric Project shall be
provided. The tenderer will be responsible for the design, supply, installation,
commissioning and warranty maintenance of all telephone equipment and
services in full accordance with the Tender Documents.
The system will be configured for at least three trunk and 20 extension lines. In
addition it shall contain all common and peripheral equipment, cards, shelves
and cables required to extend the DPABX to the required wired capacity. It
shall therefore be possible to extend the system from the equipped capacity to
the wired capacity by addition of line and trunk interface cards only.
The tenderer will be required to design, supply, install and commission the
new PABX and ancillary equipment.
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4.14.2 Operational Requirements
The DPABX shall operate under a closed numbering scheme in which a

singular number will be dialed for a given subscriber irrespective of the calling
subscriber. The numbering scheme shall be uniform and shall consist of four
digit numbers.
It shall not be possible for any extension to make any outgoing call from the
DPABX without first dialing one's own PIN followed by a project code (at least
five digits).
The DPABX should be a state-of-the-art Internet Protocol (IP) enabled

communication system capable of providing ISDN services with enhanced
user- friendly and cost effective features.
The system should be fully digital and the transmission must conform to the
ITU-T recommendations for DPABX systems and use PCM coding according
to the A-law (ITU-T rec. G.711 and G.712). It should have full compatibility
with both analogue and digital networks suitable for ETSI ISDN (DSS1)
Integrated Services Digital Networks, as defined by ITU-T and Pakistan
Telecommunication Authority (PTA).
The software of the system should be written in a language recommended by

ITU-T.
The tendered system must comprise integrated and discrete components of a

high level of reliability to guarantee a system availability of better than 99.99%
over a fifteen year operating period. The DBABX must be expandable without
any interruption in service.
All material and equipment supplied and all work carried out as well as
calculation sheets, drawings, quality and class of goods, methods of
inspection, construction features of equipment and parts, will comply in every
respect to the relevant technical standards and recommendations of ITU-T,
ETSI, ISO and IEC.
Extensive and adjustable time-out facilities shall be available on the DPABX

system to enable the time-out and release in the following cases:
• When a call is not answered in a pre-defined way.
• When while dialing, the inter-digit time period is exceeded.
• When an incomplete or invalid number is dialed.
• When an extension user attempts to access a "barred" feature.
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The DPABX system shall incorporate a wide range of self-diagnostic routines

for the monitoring of the system performance and identification of the system.
The system should be a field proven model and attested copy of the Type
Approval certificate from Pakistan Telecommunication Authority must be
attached with the tender.
The DPABX shall be configured to handle the following traffic:
• 0.50 Erlangs per each extension
• 0.95 Erlangs per each trunk.
The Bidder shall state the maximum number of calls possible within the
DPABX.
The system shall incorporate enough memory and processing capacity to

enable simultaneous programming and functioning of all available features on
all extensions (wired size) simultaneously.
4.14.4 DPABX Configuration
The DPABX system will have the following configuration:
• 64 DTMF extensions (wired capacity of 80 extensions)
• 8 trunks
• Attendant Console with handset and headset
• V.24 interfaces
• System MDF (for system cables)
• Modem for remote maintenance
• PC (Latest)
• Interface to Customer Call Center.
4.14.5 System Interface for Remote Administration
The system should be equipped with a modem for remote maintenance. Via a
V.24 interface, the service centre should be able to implement service
changes from a remote location - for example, changing call numbers, setting
up call pickup groups, modifying classes of service etc.
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The DPABX system should support interfaces which can be added to meet
diversified requirements like connection of Automated Attendant System, Call
Accounting System, DPABX Networking over IP Network, over ISDN Network,
over E&M Network or PCM30 lines.
The DPABX must comply with/should have the option of following interfaces
and protocols:
• Euro ISDN BRI & PRI
• QSIG
• V.24.
4.14.6 Software Features
The Bidder will, as part of its proposal, include detailed descriptions of the
operation of the software features required hereunder.
The DPABX system must include but not limited to the following features:
• Call detail recording for all incoming, outgoing and internal traffic call
tracing
• Class-of-service changeover
• Closed numbering
• Connection restriction (internal traffic)
• Cyclic/linear hunt groups
• Digit prefixing
• Distinctive ringing
• DTMF signaling to operators' networks
• Hotline
• Multiple trunk groups for accessing trunks (classes of service for trunk
calls) Music on hold
• Night service
• No trunk access
• Outward restricted toll access
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• Restricted trunk access
• Extension relocate
• Timed disconnect
• Trunk access
• Voice Calling/Security.
Each of the extensions shall be capable of receiving internal calls and trunk
calls via the Direct Inward Dialing and the attendant position. The extensions
features will include the following as a minimum:
• Automatic callback
• Busy override or Override security
• Call forwarding Call pickup
• Call transfer
• Callback on no answer
• Camp-on or Camp-on security
• Do not disturb DTMF Dialing Emergency disconnect
• Emergency override
• Executive/Secretary
• Hold toggle
• Number redial PIN /Follow me Release/disable call waiting
• Ring no answer System speed dialing
• Three and eight party conference
• Three-party conference Timed reminder service.
The attendant console must include the following features as a minimum:
• Assigning outgoing trunk calls.
• Attendant busy override for extending trunk calls.
• Attendant calls - initial calls and recalls.
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• Attendant loop transfer to another console.
• Attendant override for internal traffic.
• Automatic recall for external, tie trunk and internal calls.
• Brief / prolonged trunk hold.
• Call distribution by the call queue to ensure an even "load" at all

attendant consoles in the group depending on priority.
• Call forwarding on no answer after a specifiable time Concentrated

answering for trunks and tie-trunks.
• Extending tie-trunk and internal calls.
• Redialing of any saved number.
• Repertory keys for dialing phone numbers / trunk group codes Selective
personal calls.
• Setting up outgoing internal and external calls.
• Toggling between any connections.
• Night service options.
4.14.7 Call Recording and Billing System
The DPABX will incorporate specialized hardware and customized software to

perform the following functions:
Call data for all incoming calls, outgoing calls and internal calls will be
recorded. All data recorded must be accurate and matured. The DPABX must
contain sufficient memory storage to store call data for a limited period to guard
against loss of call data during any possible outage of the accounting and
billing system. The following information must be recorded as a minimum, for
the various categories of calls:
• Incoming calls
• Calling external number (local, national, international, mobile or other

utilizing the CLI available on the ISDN/PRI trunks)
• Called extension
• Time of start of conversation
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• Time of end of conversation
• Total duration of call (in minutes and in seconds)
• Outgoing calls
• Called external number (local, national, international, mobile or other)
• Calling extension
• Total duration of call (in minutes and in seconds)
• Internal calls
• Called extension
• Calling extension
• Total duration of call (in minutes and in seconds).
The raw call data obtained above will be processed by the PC based Billing
system which will include the updated local and international call tariff tables
to enable storage, display and printing of detailed call bills (daily, weekly,
monthly) on a per extension, per section and per division basis.
4.14.8 Uninterruptible Power Supply System
In the PABX / exchange room, the mains supply shall be available. The mains
voltage (220 VAC, 50 Hz) will be subject to possible fluctuations and
variations normally encountered in the power system.
The Contractor shall be solely responsible to ensure that its proposed DPABX
and ancillary equipment will function from the AC mains voltage and will provide
an uninterruptible power supply system (UPS) to ensure reserve power for a
period of at least eight (8) hours for the DPABX and all ancillary equipment.
Complete details of the UPS system shall be included as part of the Bidder's
proposal.
91
4.14.9 Attendant Console
The attendant console will provide service to:
• Exchange subscribers (barred from making external calls) for external

calls.
• Receive external calls.
• It shall be equipped with an extensive feature complement listed

above.
Attendant console operation shall feature common answering facilities and a

switched loop call signalling option.
4.14.10 Digital Telephones (Option)
The DPABX should have the provision to connect 2-channel digital phones.
The digital telephone sets of the DPABX will not require any external power
source e.g. 220VAC or batteries and should be line powered.
All programming of the digital sets should be done in the DPABX and if a digital
set is replaced, there should is no need for programming the individual set data
again.
The digital sets should have the following minimum features:
• 12-key keypad 8 function keys with LEDs
• Plus/minus keys for volume control
• Indications for incoming calls: calling party's number/name (internal and

external with ISDN lines)
• LCD display
• Date/time indication on the LCD display
• Intelligent dialog key control for function selection in the display by

scrolling in the menu and selecting the desired function
• Open listening
• Dialling with cradled handset.
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4.14.11 Voice Mail/Automated Attendant System (Option)
The voice mail system should have the following features:
• Incoming callers will be prompted with a (programmable) guided menu

to dial the desired department / option given in the menu-tree.
• In case of a holiday, non-working hours, or lunch hours, appropriate

greeting should be played back to indicate that the office is closed due
to holiday, lunch break, etc.
• It should be possible to program gazetted holidays in the voice mail

system so that `holiday greetings' are played back during the holidays.
• Incoming callers calling from a DTMF phone can dial the desired
extension by-passing the operator.
• In case the incoming caller does not dial any number or dials `0', the call
will be automatically diverted to the attendant console for further
assistance.
• The system should have the capability of voice mail boxes of up to 200
users. Incoming callers, calling the defined voice mail users, will have
the option to leave a voice message in case of no reply for the dialled
extensions.
• The mailboxes should be protected with a password so that each

individual voice mail user can retrieve his/her message by dialing
his/her password.
4.14.12 Provision to Connect with External Applications
The DPABX should have the option to connect with the following systems:
• Centralised Directory Service
• Call Centre Systems including ACD (Automatic Call Distribution

System)
• IVR (Interactive Voice Response)
• Teleworking Servers
• Unified Messaging System
• Voice Over IP
93
• Public Address Systems
• Cordless Systems.
4.14.13 Equipment Installation
The DPABX, MDF and UPS will be installed in the PABX / Exchange Room.
The tenderer will include in its proposal, detailed equipment layout drawings
depicting the layout and interconnection of DPABX, MDF, Attendant Console,
Maintenance PC and Call Recording and Accounting system.
4.14.14 System Commissioning and Testing
Upon satisfactory completion of installation of all DPABX and ancillary

equipment, the complete system will be commissioned by subjecting it to
detailed commissioning tests.
Prior to commencement of installation, the Contractor will submit a detailed

testing and commissioning procedure describing in detail all functional and
other tests to be undertaken, for approval of the Engineer.
4.14.15 Training
Two types of training shall be imparted to Employer's personnel.
• Operator training: Training of three (3) operators for a period of three

days, in operation of the attendant console.
• Technical Training: Training of three (3) engineers, for a period of one

week, in operation and maintenance of the system.
4.14.16 Documentation
As part of its proposal, the Bidder must provide the following documentation:
• Software features and facilities document describing operation of all

features.
• Technical hardware manual including detailed description of all system

hardware cards, modules and telephone sets.
• Software manual of system Maintenance PC.
• Call accounting system detailed description.
• UPS technical catalogue/manual.
94
Upon completion of the installation, the Contractor must provide one set of the
following documentation:
• As built configuration of the DPABX.
• MDF Assignment Plan.
• Operations and maintenance manuals for all equipment installed.
4.14.17 Cables, Conduits and Accessories
The cables, conduits and accessories shall be provided as required for the
fully functional and complete telephone system.
The interconnection cable between the DPABX and the public telephone
network shall be provided by the Contractor along with all facilities for the
connections. All internal telephone connections within power station
boundary, including cabling and distribution within power station and staff
accommodation buildings, etc, shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.
Adequate protection against lightening shall be provided.
4.14.18 Installation
The system shall be installed strictly in accordance with manufacturer

instructions and these specifications. At each termination, each core of cable
shall be clearly identified. Soldered connections shall be preferred for cable
termination. A terminal wiring diagram shall be prepared for the complete
system and submitted to the Engineer for approval prior to commencement of
work.
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4. ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................... 1

4.8.2 Design and Manufacture ................................................................. 34

4.11.4.4 Local Control Units.......................................................... 57

4.13.9.1 Technical Description ..................................................... 82

4.2. RELATED SECTIONS

• Volume I, Section VI: Special Provisions

• Volume III, Section 1: General Structural and Mechanical Requirements

• Volume III, Section 2: General Electrical Requirements

4.3. GENERATOR AND EXCITATION SYSTEM

The generators, excitation equipment and auxiliaries shall be designed,

Each generator shall be furnished as follows:

• one generator including stator with frame

• two generator guide bearings

• one flywheel, to be sized to fit the required total inertia

• one generator rotor shaft

• one excitation and voltage regulation system

• one MV terminal box

• one generator neutral grounding transformer with resistor and CT.

The generator and the guide bearings shall be bolted on a baseplates

4.3.2 Standards and Characteristics

Applicable Standard IEC 60034

Voltage variation ± 10%

Total (kg m2 ) a+b+c

Stator Weight (kg) to be specified

4.3.3 General Description of Synchronous Machines

Sheets shall be divided into bundles and separated by spacers in order to

The stator winding shall receive an anti-flash-discharge protection. When the

The inlet of the various phases shall be concentrated in a terminal box.

4.3.3.4 Bearings and Oil Lubrication System

Both pedestal type bearings shall be insulated against ground to prevent

4.3.3.5 Air Cooler

4.3.3.6 MV Terminal Box

The MV terminal box shall be designed and manufactured to include the

• A terminal casing secured by bolts to a boss of the frame, with interposition

• A cover secured by bolts to the casing.

• A seal to insure tightness between cover and casing.

• Three connection bars and insulators.

The generator shall be fitted with the control accessories as tachometer

4.3.4 Excitation System

4.3.4.1 General Requirements

• Excitation cubicle, complete with all the necessary equipment.

• Voltage regulating equipment with all necessary operating, control and

• Power supply / excitation transformer.

Automatic voltage control shall be static, preferably of digital type and

• Control of the automatic voltage adjustment.

• Control of power factor adjustment.

• Change-over switching between automatic and manual channel.

• Control of exciter field circuit breaker.

• All necessary indicating equipment.

• All necessary protective and alarm functions/ devices.

The function for parallel operation of hydro-generators shall be furnished. The

4.3.4.2 Thyristor Converter

The converter shall comprise 3-phase bridge-connected, fully controlled,

The equipment shall be designed to withstand the maximum voltage rise on

The minimum protection for each converter shall be as follows:

• Approved overcurrent protection in the form of specially designed HRC

• Thyristor over temperature alarm.

• First thyristor failure (alarm).