Equipment for Engineering Education

Experiment Instructions

WL 204 Marcet Boiler

G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH

Fahrenberg 14
D-22885 Barsbüttel
Germany
Phone: ++49 (40) 670854.0
Fax: ++49 (40) 670854.42
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: http://www.gunt.de
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WL 204 MARCET BOILER

10 15

20
0 25
All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 03/2001

Experiment Instructions

Please read and follow the instructions before the first installation!

Publication-no.: 916.000 00 A 204 12 (A) DTP_4

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Inhaltsverzeichnis
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2 Unit Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2.1 Unit Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 03/2001

2.2 Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2.1 Filling the Boiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2.2 Unit Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2.3 Shutting down the Boiler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3.1 Health Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3.2 Hazards for Unit and Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4 Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4.1 Theoretical Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4.2 Performing the Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

5 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

5.1 Working Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

5.2 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.3 Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.4 Items Supplied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

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1 Introduction

The experiment WL 204 Steam pressure curve

of saturated steam demonstrates the correlation
between steam pressure and heating temperature
on an enclosed model steam boiler.

An insulated steel vessel is filled with a defined

quantity of water and sealed pressure-tight. The
All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 03/2001

water is heated by an electric heater and brought

to the boil. To record the heating and steam tem-
perature the unit has a temperature sensor ele-
ment with an electronic evaluation unit and a digital
display. The steam pressure occurring in the boiler
during the experiments is calculated and indicated
by a mechanical manometer. A safety valve pre-
vents excess pressure build-up in the boiler.

The setup of this benchtop unit permits the satu-

rated steam pressure curve of water to be deter-
mined steplessly up to a pressure of 18 bar. The
measurement can be compared against the tabu-
lated values from the relevant literature.

The experiment is executed as a user-friendly

benchtop unit. However, for safety reasons it
should only be run under the supervision of trained
personnel, as experimenting with hot steam by na-
ture involves a certain risk.

It is designed only for educational and training pur-

poses.

1 Introduction 1
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2 Unit Description

2.1 Unit Layout

10 15

6 5

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7 4
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8 3

2
11 10 9

1 Drain Valve 6 Temperature sensor

2 Heater 7 Manometer
3 Overflow 8 Boiler with insulating jacket
4 Filler opening 9 Temperature gauge
5 Savety valve 10 Heater switch
11 Master switch

Fig. 2.1 WL 204 general view

The main element of the WL 204 unit is the stain-

less steel steam boiler (8). It has a mineral wool
insulating jacket. The filler opening (4) is used
to pour water into the boiler. The overflow valve

2 Unit Description 2
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(3), closed off by means of a handwheel, is used to
ensure the vessel is filled to the correct level.
The drain valve (1) can be used to drain the vessel.
An electric heater (2) is bolted into the floor of the
boiler in such a way that the heating filament pro-
trudes from below into the boiler. A manometer
(7) is fitted in the lid of the boiler to provide a direct
indication of the boiler pressure. There is also a
Pt-100 temperature sensor (6) to measure the
All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 03/2001

boiler temperature, and a safety valve (5) to pre-

vent excess pressure build-up in the boiler. If the
safety valve is activated, the excess pressure is
discharged to the rear of the unit via a drain pipe.
The boiler temperature can be read from the digi-
tal display (9) fitted into the switch cupboard.
The unit is switched on at the master switch (11).
The additional heater switch (10) can be used to
switch the heater on and off as required during the
experiment.

2.2 Commissioning

2.2.1 Filling the Boiler

The boiler need only be filled once before the unit

4
is run for the first time. The level should subse-
3 quently be routinely checked at regular intervals
after a certain number of experiments have been
performed.
1 − Place the benchtop unit on a flat surface.
− Fit the enclosed section of tubing to the over-
flow and open the valve (3).
− Fit the enclosed section of tubing to the drain
(1) and close the valve.
Fig. 2.2 Filling the boiler

2 Unit Description 3
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− Remove the plug from the filler opening and

pour water into the boiler until it emerges at
the overflow.
ATTENTION!
Only ever remove the seal plug when the boiler
is fully depressurised !
− Close off the overflow valve again.
− Close off the filler opening again with the plug.
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Make sure the seal is in perfect working order

! The seal of the plug should be inspected ap-
proximately every five times when the plug is
removed, and should be replaced depending
on its condition.

2.2.2 Unit Connections

− It is essential that the drain pipe of the pres-

sure relief valve (5) should be connected to
an additional fabric hose to discharge the hot
steam into the open.
The hose must be laid with no kinks or bends,
and must be fixed to prevent it moving.
ATTENTION!
The safety valve may suddenly activate
Loud noise !
Large quantities of hot steam will be emitted !
− Connect the unit to the mains electricity supply.
− Switch on unit at the master switch (11).
− Press the heater switch (10) to start the ex-
periment. The heater control is limited to a
temperature of 200°C in order to prevent ex-
cess pressure build-up !

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2.2.3 Shutting down the Boiler

− After the experiment switch off the unit at the

master switch.
− Disconnect the unit from the mains power.
− Leave the boiler to cool down.
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2 Unit Description 5
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3 Safety

3.1 Health Hazards

DANGER OF EXPLOSION!
Only remove the seal plug of the filler opening
when the boiler is fully depressurised !
− Removing the seal plug under pressure will
result in uncontrolled explosive emission of
All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 03/2001

hot steam.

DANGER OF SCALDING!
Hot steam may be emitted !
Do not touch surfaces during operation !
− The safety valve may activate suddenly.
Loud noise !
Large quantities of hot steam will then be
emitted.
Never lean over the boiler while the experi-
ment is in progress. Keep away from the
boiler lid and the safety valve drain pipe.
− Exposed boiler surfaces and fittings become
hot during operation!

DANGER OF ELECTRIC SHOCK!

Caution: high voltage
− Prior to opening the switch cupboard, unplug
the mains power plug.
− Work on the electrical system is only to be
performed by suitably qualified personnel.
− Protect the electrical system from damp,
splashing water and condensation.

3 Safety 6
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3.2 Hazards for Unit and Function

− ATTENTION! Do not operate the unit unsu-

pervised.

− ATTENTION! Do not modify or disable the

fitted safety devices.

− ATTENTION! Use only clean water for the

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 03/2001

experiment.

− ATTENTION! Never run the boiler without

water. There is a risk of the filament over-
heating.

− DANGER OF FIRE! Do not place combusti-

ble materials in the vicinity of the unit.

3 Safety 7
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4 Experiments

4.1 Theoretical Introduction

While water boils in an open vessel at a tempera-

ture of 100°C, it does not turn to steam in an en-
closed vessel, such as a steam boiler, until a
higher temperature.
The heat initially causes water molecules to evap-
Steam temperature in °C
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orate. This causes the pressure in the steam

chamber, and thus in the water, to rise. As the
steam pressure rises the boiling point temperature
also increases, because the water molecules en-
counter increased resistance as they attempt to
Steam pressure in bar move from liquid to gas form. Consequently, each
steam pressure has an accompanying precisely
Fig. 4.1 Boiling point curve for water defined boiling point temperature (cf. Fig. 4.1).

4.2 Performing the Experiment

− Prepare the benchtop unit as described in

section 2.2.
− Switch on the unit at the master switch.
− Switch on the heater at the heater switch and
heat up the boiler.
− Log the boiler pressure and temperature val-
ues in increments of approximately 0.5 bar
(table template 5.1).
− Enter the measured values in the diagram
(diagram template 5.2).
− Compare your own measurements with the
values from the literature. Discussion

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Pressure in bar Temperature in °C Temperatur in °C

( relative ) measured According to literature
0,5 111,7 111,37
1 120,6 120,23
1,5 127,1 127,43
2 133,2 133,54
2,5 138,5 138,87
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3 143,0 143,62
4 150,5 151,84
5 157,4 158,84
6 163,4 164,96
7 168,9 170,41
8 173,6 175,36
9 178,1 179,88
10 182,2 184,07
11 185,9 187,96
12 189,5 191,61
13 192,9 195,04
14 196,1 198,29
15 199,1 201,37

Fig. 4.2 Example of a measurement

It is seen that the measured values are lower than

the expected values by a virtually constant
amount. There are a number of reasons for this
systemic error.
The primary influence on the deviation is the iner-
tia of the temperature measurement. The temper-
ature sensor probe is not in direct contact with the
water in the boiler. The tube in which it is encased

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results in a number of heat transfer barriers which

impair the transfer of heat and systemically corrupt
the measurement.
Another influence is the fact that the water in the
boiler is converted only by convection, and so the
heat distribution may be uneven.
All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 03/2001

4 Experiments 10
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5 Appendix

5.1 Working Sheets

Pressure, relative Pressure, absolut Steam temperature

[bar] [bar] [°C]
0,5
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1
1,5
2
2,5
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Fig. 5.1 Table template for measurement recording

5 Appendix 11
 All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 03/2001
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Fig. 5.2
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WL 204

5 Appendix
MARCET BOILER

Boiling point curve for water

Steam temperature in °C
Steam pressure in bar

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5.2 Tables

Pressure, relative Pressure, absolut Steam temperature

[bar] [bar] [°C]
0.0 1.0 99.63
All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel, Germany 03/2001

0.5 1.5 111.37

1.0 2.0 120.23
2.0 3.0 133.54
3.0 4.0 143.62
4.0 5.0 151.84
5.0 6.0 158.84
6.0 7.0 164.96
7.0 8.0 170.41
8.0 9.0 175.36
9.0 10.0 179.88
10.0 11.0 184.07
11.0 12.0 187.96
12.0 13.0 191.61
13.0 14.0 195.04
14.0 15.0 198.29
15.0 16.0 201.37
16.0 17.0 204.31
17.0 18.0 207.11
18.0 19.0 209.8
19.0 20.0 212.37

Fig. 5.3 Steam pressure/temperature table for saturated steam

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5.3 Technical Data

Dimensions
L x W x H: 800 x 500 x 850 mm
Weight: approx. 65 kg

Power supply: 230V, 50 Hz, 3 kW

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Fill quantity : 4 l
Tank capacity : 5 l
Max. operating pressure (relative) : 18 bar
Max. test pressure (relative) : 32 bar
Operating temperature range : 0 ... 250 °C
Temperature sensor: Pt- 100
Measuring range of manometer: 0 ... 25 bar

Seal of filler opening

Copper seal 1/2"

5.4 Items Supplied

1 benchtop experimental unit, complete

1 instruction manual
1 packing list

5 Appendix 14