Modeling A Cantilever Beam Using 1D, 2D and 3D Elements
Modeling A Cantilever Beam Using 1D, 2D and 3D Elements
Modeling A Cantilever Beam Using 1D, 2D and 3D Elements
Model
this
beam
using
1D,
2D
and
3D
elements
in
ANSYS.
Use
the
following
meshes:
2x2x2,
4x4x4,
8x8x8,
16x16x8,
64x64x8.
For
instance,
in
the
case
of
the
mesh
denoted
as
4x4x4,
you’ll
have:
• 4
divisions
for
the
line
in
the
1D
model
(4
line
elements)
• 4
divisions
in
each
direction
for
the
area
in
the
2D
model
(4x4=16
area
elements)
• 4
divisions
in
each
direction
for
the
volume
in
the
3D
model
(4x4x4
=
64
volume
elements)
Note
that
for
the
3D
model,
the
number
of
divisions
in
the
z-‐direction
is
not
increased
beyond
8
to
keep
the
mesh
size
reasonable.
For
each
model
and
mesh,
determine:
• Displacement
in
the
y
direction
at
the
right
end
of
the
beam
in
the
middle
of
the
cross-‐section
(x
=
4
m,
y
=
0.346/2
m,
z
=
0.346/2
m).
Let’s
denote
this
displacement
as
𝑣! .
• Stress
𝜎!!
distribution
at
the
left
end
(𝑥 = 0)
and
in
the
middle
(𝑥 = 2 𝑚).
Note
the
maximum
value
of
𝜎!!
over
the
cross-‐section
at
each
location.
Summarize
the
total
number
of
degrees
of
freedom
(DOF)
and
the
displacement
𝑣!
in
the
form
of
the
following
table:
Mesh
DOF
(1D)
𝑣!
(1D)
DOF
(2D)
𝑣!
(2D)
DOF
(3D)
𝑣!
(3D)
2x2x2
4x4x4
8x8x8
16x16x8
64x64x8
For
1D
elements,
while
calculating
the
total
degrees
of
freedom,
you
can
ignore
the
z-‐
displacement
DOF
and
the
rotational
DOF
about
x
and
y
axes
that
ANSYS
puts
in.
These
are
identically
zero
for
this
case.
Summarize
the
results
for
the
maximum
value
of
𝜎!!
at
x=2m
and
x=0m
in
the
form
of
the
following
table:
Mesh
Max.
𝜎!!
at
Max.
𝜎!!
at
Max.
𝜎!!
at
Max.
𝜎!!
at
Max.
𝜎!!
at
Max.
𝜎!!
at
x=2m
(1D)
x=2m
(2D)
x=2m
(3D)
x=0m
(1D)
x=0m
(2D)
x=0m
(3D)
2x2x2
4x4x4
8x8x8
16x16x8
64x64x8
Report
the
displacements
and
stresses
to
four
significant
digits.
For
units,
use
meters
for
displacement
and
MPa
for
stresses.
Using
the
filled-‐in
tables,
respond
to
the
following
questions:
• How
many
degrees
of
freedom
do
you
need
to
use
with
1D,
2D
and
3D
elements
to
get
the
above
displacement
and
stress
values
at
x
=
2m
to
an
accuracy
of
three
significant
digits?
• How
well
do
the
above
displacement
and
stress
values
agree
between
the
1D,
2D
and
3D
models?
• Which
converges
faster
on
refining
the
mesh:
displacement
or
stress?
Why?
• What
is
the
effect
of
the
stress
singularity
at
the
fixed
end
(x=0m)
on
the
above
displacement
and
stress
values
as
the
mesh
is
refined?
What
is
the
difference
in
results
at
the
fixed
end
between
the
1D,
2D
and
3D
models?
• What
are
your
conclusions
about
the
relative
efficiency
and
accuracy
of
the
3
different
modeling
approaches?
For
tips
on
how
to
plot
the
stress
distribution
in
any
beam
cross-‐section
and
how
to
determine
the
displacements
at
any
location,
see
the
video
at
https://youtu.be/Nq1qLWIqICU