5A01 Exercise E
5A01 Exercise E
5A01 Exercise E
triangle.
Review Exercise 1 (p. 1.7)
10. (a) In △ABE,
AB 2 AE 2 (6 2 8 2 ) cm 2 100 cm 2
1. x 90 130 65 360 (s at a pt.)
x 75 BE 2 10 2 cm 2 100 cm 2
∵ AB 2 AE 2 BE 2
∴ △ABE is a right-angled triangle, where
2. a 70 (vert. opp. ∠s) CAD 90 . (converse of Pyth.
90 70 b 180 (adj. s on st. theorem)
b 20 (b) In △ACD,
line) AC 2 AD 2 CD 2 (Pyth. theorem)
(6 3) (8 x) 15
2 2 2
= 2 cm
∵ AB BD DA 2 cm 25 15 2 cm
2
BD BC 3. APB AQB
∴ (corr. sides, ~△s)
BC BA
4. The angles in the same segment of a circle are equal.
BD 20 cm
20 cm 25 cm Activity 1.3 (p. 1.52)
BD 16 cm 1. (b) A C 180 , B D 180
2. P R 180 , Q S 180
Activity
Activity 1.1 (p. 1.12)
1. (a)
2. Yes
3. ON ON common side
OA = OB radii
∠ONA = ∠ONB = 90° given
∴ △ONA △ONB RHS
∴ AN = NB corr. sides, △s
c
2. (a) APB (∠ at centre twice ∠ at ⊙ce)
2
c
(b) AQB (∠ at centre twice ∠ at ⊙ce)
2
2
1 Basic Properties of Circles
2.
3. Yes
Classwork
Classwork (p. 1.10)
(a) Element Term
region ORST minor arc
region OQPT
QRST
major arc
minor sector
major sector
PTSR
(b) Element Term
AEB chord
region AEBD diameter
CEOD minor segment
region AEBC major segment
AOC
x
2
(b) 46 (∠ at centre twice ∠ at ⊙ )
ce
2
23
AOB
x
2
(c) 100 (∠ at centre twice ∠ at ⊙ )
ce
2
50
reflex BOA
x
2
(d) 220 (∠ at centre twice ∠ at
2
110
⊙ )
ce
3
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
Classwork (p. 1.45)
DC DOC
(a)
AB
AOB
(arcs prop. to ∠s at centre)
x 50
6 30
x 10
BOC BC
(b)
AOB
AB
(arcs prop. to ∠s at centre)
x 4
90 6
x 60
4
1 Basic Properties of Circles
BCA BA
line)
(d)
ABC
AC
(arcs prop. to ∠s at ⊙ )
BCG DAB
y 80
x 12 ce
(c) ( 46 y ) (32 35) 180 (opp. ∠s,
y 67
50 10 cyclic quad.)
x 60
AB ACB
In △DBC,
DCE DBC BDC
x 35 67
(ext. ∠ of △)
(e)
CD
CBD
(arcs prop. to ∠s at ⊙ )
102
DC
DEC
(f)
CB
CEB
(arcs prop. to ∠s at ⊙ )
x 30 ce
10 40
x 7.5
AEB AB
BEC
BC
(arcs prop. to ∠s at ⊙ )
ce
y 6
40 10
y 24
Classwork (p. 1.54)
BAD BCD 180
(a) x 60 180 (opp. ∠s, cyclic
x 120
quad.)
Quick Practice
Quick Practice 1.1 (p. 1.14)
Join OQ.
OQ 26 cm (radius)
In △ONQ,
∵ ON 2 NQ 2 OQ 2 (Pyth. theorem)
NQ OQ 2 ON 2
∴
26 2 10 2 cm
24 cm
∵ ON PQ (given)
∴ PN = NQ (line from centre chord bisects chord)
PQ PN NQ
2 24 cm
48 cm
6
1 Basic Properties of Circles
Quick Practice 1.3 (p. 1.16) Quick Practice 1.5 (p. 1.20)
∵ PN = NR and PR QS (given) (a) ∵ PQ = RS, OM⊥PQ and
∴ QS is the perpendicular bisector of the chord PR. ON⊥RS given
∴ QS passes through the centre. (⊥bisector of chord ∴ OM = ON equal chords,
passes through centre) equidistant from centre
i.e. QS is a diameter of the circle. Consider △OMK and △ONK.
Let O and r cm be the centre and the radius of the circle ∠OMK =∠ONK = 90° given
respectively. OK = OK common side
OM = ON proved
∴ △OMK △ONK RHS
(b) ∵ △OMK △ONK proved in (a)
∴ MK = NK corr. sides, △s
∵ OM⊥PQ
∴ PM = MQ line from centre chord
Join OP. bisects chord
∴ OP r cm and ON = (r 1) cm ∵ ON⊥RS
In △OPN, ∴ RN = NS line from centre chord
OP 2 ON 2 PN 2 bisects chord
∵ PQ = RS given
r 2 (r 1) 2 52 (Pyth. theorem) ∴ 2MQ = 2RN
r 2 r 2 2r 1 25 i.e. MQ = RN
2r 26 QK MQ MK
r 13 RN NK
∴ The radius of the circle is 13 cm. RK
NS QS QN
Quick Practice 1.6 (p. 1.29)
(13 2 1) cm
AOC
25 cm y
2 (∠ at centre twice ∠ at ⊙ )
Quick Practice 1.4 (p. 1.19) 118 ce
∵ PQ = RS, OM⊥PQ and ON⊥RS (given) 2
∴ OM = ON (equal chords, equidistant from centre) 59
1
OM MN Reflex ∠AOC = 360° − 118° (∠s at a pt.)
2 = 242°
1 reflex AOC
6 cm x
2 2 (∠ at centre twice ∠ at
3 cm 242
∵ OM⊥PQ 2
1 121
MQ PQ
2 ⊙ )
∴ (line from centre chord bisects chord) ce
1
8 cm
2 Quick Practice 1.7 (p. 1.31)
4 cm ACB 90 (∠ in semi-circle)
∵ CA CD (given)
∴ CAB CDA (base ∠s, isos. △)
x
In △ABC,
CBA CAB ACB 180
Join OQ. ( sum of △)
28 x 90 180
In △MOQ,
OQ 2 OM 2 MQ 2 x 62
(Pyth. theorem) BCD CBD CDA
OQ OM 2 MQ 2 (ext. of △)
y 28 62
3 2 4 2 cm y 34
5 cm
∴ The radius of the circle is 5 cm.
7
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
8
1 Basic Properties of Circles
BAC BDC
(∠ in semi-circle)
BAC 5
∴ AOB BOC COD DOE
x
2 90 9
(equal chords, equal ∠s)
AOB BOC COE AOE 360 BAC 50
x x
x 80 360 (∠s
2 2
2x 280
x 140
at a pt.)
∵
BC AD
given
AOD AD
66.5
BOC
BC
(arcs prop. to ∠s at centre)
AOD 10
66.5 7
AOD 95
AOB 360 BOC COD AOD
360 66.5 66.5 95
132
(∠s at a pt.)
9
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
Quick Practice 1.16 (p. 1.48)
ACB AB
ABD
AD
(a) (arcs prop. to ∠s at ☉ )
ACB 2 ce
66 3
ACB 44
(b) ∵
∴
CD AB
CD AB
(given)
CBD CD
∴ ACB
AB
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
ce
CBD ACB
44
In △KBC,
AKB CBK KCB
(ext. of △)
44 44
88
10
1 Basic Properties of Circles
Join OB. 1.
BAE BDC (ext. , cyclic quad.)
Construct OM and ON such that OM AB and ON CD.
62 ∵ AB // CD
∵ BO AO (radii) ∴ MON is a straight line.
∴ ABO BAO (base. ∠s, isos. △) ∵ OM⊥AB
62 1
∴ AM AB (line from centre chord bisects
In △AOB, 2
BOE ABO BAO (ext. ∠ of △) chord)
62 62 1
6 cm
124 2
BCD BOE 180
(opp. s, cyclic quad.) 3 cm
BCD 124 180 OA = 5 cm (radius)
BCD 56 In △OMA,
OA 2 AM 2 OM 2
Quick Practice 1.20 (p. 1.65) OM OA 2 AM 2 (Pyth. theorem)
BAF FEB 110 100
(a) ∵ 5 2 3 2 cm
210
4 cm
180 ∵ ON⊥CD
∴ A, B, E and F are not concyclic.
1
CDF 90 20 ∴ ND CD (line from centre chord bisects
(b) ∵ 2
110 chord)
and ∠BEF = 100° 1
∴ CDF BEF 8 cm
∴ F, E, C and D are not concyclic. 2
(c) ∵ ADB 20 and ACB 20
4 cm
OD = 5 cm (radii)
∴ ADB ACB
In △OND,
∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic. (converse of s in the
same segment) OD 2 ND 2 ON 2
ON OD 2 ND 2 (Pyth. theorem)
Quick Practice 1.21 (p. 1.66)
∵ FAB BCD 180 int. ∠s, AF // CD 52 4 2 cm
and BEF BCD ext. ∠, cyclic quad. 3 cm
∴ FAB BEF 180 ∴ The distance between AB and CD
∴ A, B, E and F are concyclic. opp. s supp. OM ON
Quick Practice 1.22 (p. 1.67) ( 4 3) cm
(a) ∵ AB = BC given 7 cm
∴ BAC = BCA base s, isos. △
EFA = BAC alt. ∠s, AC // EF 2. (a) ∵ AM = BM given
BDA = BCA s in the same segment ∴ OM⊥AB line joining centre to
∴ EFA = BDA mid-pt. of chord
i.e. EFA = EDA chord
∴ A, E, F and D are converse of s in the ∵ AB CD, OM AB given
concyclic. same segment and ON CD
(b) DAB BEF (s in the same segment) ∴ OM ON equal chords,
equidistant from centre
= 85°
MPN APC 90 vert. opp. s
DCB DAB 180 (opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.)
∴ MON 90 sum of polygon
∵ All four interior angles
DCB 180 85
are equal to 90 and
95 two adjacent sides are
ACD DCB ACB equal.
∴ 95 60 ∴ ONPM is a square.
35
11
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
(b) ∵
∴
ONPM is a square.
PN ON 4 cm
(proved in (a))
RST RS ST
∵ ON CD (given)
∴ CN ND (line from centre (4 2) cm
chord bisects chord)
CP PN PD PN 6 cm
∴ CP 4 cm (11 4) cm
CP 3 cm
Further Practice (p. 1.48)
QOS QRS
POS
PQRS
1. (arcs prop. to ∠s at
x (3 4) cm
180 (2 3 4) cm
x 140
centre)
∵
PS QT
PQRS QRST
(diameters)
∴
PQ QRS QRS ST
PQ ST
12
1 Basic Properties of Circles
PTS 90
RQT RST
(∠ in semi-circle)
∵
AB AD
given
PTS
PQRS (arcs prop. to ∠s at ⊙ )
∴
AB = AD equal arcs, equal chords
CB CD
ce
∵ given
y 6 cm
∴ CB = CD equal arcs, equal chords
90 (2 3 4) cm AC AC common side
∴ △ABC △ADC SSS
y 60 ∴ ABC ADC corr. ∠s, △s
ABC ADC 180 opp. ∠s,
2. ∵ BD = DE (given) 2ADC 180
ADC 90
BD DE
∴ (equal chords, equal arcs) cyclic quad.
EAB
BDE
∴ AC is a diameter of
the circle.
converse of ∠ in
semi-circle
AED
major AD
(arcs prop. to ∠s
EAB 2 2
110 9 2
EAB 40
at ⊙ )
ce
In △ACE,
ACE 180 AEC EAC
( sum
180 110 40
30
of △)
1.
Join AD.
∵ DO AO (radii)
∴ ADO DAO (base. ∠s, isos. △)
In △AOD,
DAO ADO AOD 180 (∠ sum
2DAO 136 180
DAO 22
of △)
13
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
BAC BC
x
1
7
(b)
ADC
ABC
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
∴ 2
3.5
BAC
ce
5
90 13 5
BAC 25
∵ △ABC △ADC (proved in (a))
∴ DAC BAC (corr. s, △s)
25
BCE BAD
(ext. ∠, cyclic
25 25
50
quad.)
Exercise
OE 2 ON 2 EN 2 (Pyth. theorem)
EN OE 2 ON 2
10 2 6 2 cm
8 cm
∵ ON⊥EF (given)
∴ NF = EN (line from centre ⊥ chord bisects chord)
= 8 cm
∴ EF 2 8 cm 16 cm
i.e. x = 16
HQ PQ PH
2.
(18 9) cm
9 cm
∵ PH = HQ = 9 cm
∴ OH⊥PQ (line joining centre to mid-pt. of
chord chord)
∴ x 90
3. ∵ CN = ND
∴ ON⊥CD (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord
chord)
∴ OND 90
In △OND,
OND ODN DON 180
( sum
90 35 x 180
x 55
of △)
14
1 Basic Properties of Circles
5. ∵ CQ = QD (given) In △ONB,
∴ OQ⊥CD (line joining centre to mid-pt.
NB OB 2 ON 2 (Pyth. theorem)
of chord chord)
CD CQ QD 13 5 cm 2 2
2 6 cm 12 cm
12 cm ∵ AN = NB (given)
∵ AB = CD, OP⊥AB and OQ⊥CD ∴ AB 2 12 cm
∴ OP = OQ (equal chords, equidistant 24 cm
x 3 from centre)
9. (a) ∵ AB is the perpendicular bisector of the chord CD.
6. ∵ OP AB and OQ CD (given) ∴ AB passes through the centre.
∴ PB AP and CQ = QD (line from centre chord (⊥bisector of chord passes through centre)
bisects chord) i.e. AB is a diameter of the circle.
AB 2 5 cm (b) ∵ AB is a diameter. (proved in (a))
∴ ∴ The radius of the circle
10 cm
1
and CD 2 5 cm AB
2
10 cm
1
∵ AB CD, OP AB and OQ CD 12 cm
∴ OP = OQ (equal chords, equidistant 2
x = 2.5 from centre) 6 cm
8.
12. ∵ ON⊥CD (given)
Join OB. ∴
OB OC (radii) 1
(5 8) cm CN CD (line from centre chord bisects chord)
2
13 cm
1
∵ AN = NB (given) 16 cm
∴ ON AB (line joining centre to mid-pt. of 2
chord chord) 8 cm
15
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
OC OA
1
AB (radii)
2
1
20 cm
Join OC. 2
10 cm
In △CON,
OC 2 ON 2 CN 2
ON OC 2 CN 2 (Pyth. theorem)
10 2 8 2 cm
6 cm
Join OD.
In △OQD,
OD 2 OQ 2 QD 2
OD OQ 2 QD 2 (Pyth. theorem)
5 2 10 2 cm
125 cm (or 5 5 cm)
∴ The radius of the circle is
125 cm (or 5 5 cm).
14. ∵ AM = MB (given)
∴ OM⊥AB (line joining centre to mid-pt. of
chord chord)
∴ ∠AMO = 90°
In △AOM,
AO 2 AM 2 OM 2
(Pyth. theorem)
OM AO 2 AM 2
7.5 2 6 2 cm
4.5 cm
∵ OM = ON, OM⊥AB and ON⊥CD
∴ CD = AB (chords equidistant from centre
= (6 + 6) cm are equal)
12 cm
16
1 Basic Properties of Circles
Level 2
Join OD.
OD 5 cm (radii)
In △OND,
ND OD 2 ON 2 (Pyth. theorem) 18.
5 3 cm
2 2
Join OD.
4 cm
∵ ON⊥CD (given)
1
OD = AB (radii)
∴ CN = ND (line from centre chord bisects 2
= 4 cm chord) 1
CD 2 4 cm = 10 cm
∴ 2
8 cm
= 5 cm
∵ CM = MD (given)
16. (a) Consider △AOB and △DOC. ∴ OM⊥CD (line joining centre to mid-pt. of
AO = DO radii chord chord)
BO = CO radii ∴ ∠OMD = 90°
∵ OM = ON, OM⊥AB In △OMD,
and ON⊥CD given
OD 2 OM 2 MD 2
∴ AB = DC chords equidistant
from centre are equal OM OD 2 MD 2 (Pyth. theorem)
∴ △AOB △DOC SSS
(b) ∵ OB = OA (radii) 5 2 4 2 cm
∴ ∠OAB =∠OBA (base ∠s, isos. △) 3 cm
= 62° AO = OD = 5 cm (radii)
In △OBA, In △AMD,
OBA OAB BOA 180 (∠ AD 2 AM 2 MD 2
sum of △)
AD AM 2
MD 2 (Pyth. theorem)
62 62 BOA 180
(5 3) 2 4 2 cm
BOA 56
∵ △AOB △DOC (proved in (a)) 80 cm (or 4 5 cm)
∴ ∠COD = ∠BOA (corr. sides, △s)
= 56
17
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
21. ∵ BM = MC (given)
∴ OM⊥BC (line joining centre to mid-pt. of
chord chord)
19.
1
CM CD (line from centre chord bisects chord)
2
1
30 cm
2
15 cm
In △OCM,
OM OC 2 CM 2 (Pyth. theorem)
17 2 152 cm
8 cm
∵ ON AB (by construction)
∴
1
AN AB (line from centre chord bisects chord)
2
1
16 cm
2
8 cm
In △OAN,
ON OA2 AN 2 (Pyth. theorem)
17 2 82 cm
15 cm
ON OM
∴ Distance between AB and CD (15 8) cm
7 cm
1
MB AB (line from centre chord bisects chord)
2
1
30 cm
2
15 cm
OM OC CM
(r 9) cm
In △OMB,
OB 2 OM 2 MB 2 (Pyth. theorem)
r 2
( r 9) 15
2 2
r r 2 18r 81 225
2
18r 306
r 17
∴ The radius of the circle is 17 cm.
18
1 Basic Properties of Circles
OM OB 2 BM 2
(Pyth. theorem)
10 6
2 2
cm
8 cm
In △OMD,
MD OD 2 OM 2
(Pyth. theorem)
17 8 2 2
cm
15 cm
CD MD MC
(15 6) cm
9 cm
22.
9 cm
MC MB BC
(12 28) cm
40 cm
In △OMC,
OC OM 2 MC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
9 40 cm
2 2
41 cm
OD = OA = 15 cm (radii)
CD OC OD
∴ ( 41 15) cm
26 cm
19
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
(b) In △OMA,
AM AO 2 OM 2
(Pyth. theorem)
10 2 6 2 cm
8 cm
ME = OM = 6 cm (property of square)
MB = AM
= 8 cm
BE MB ME
(8 6) cm
2 cm
24.
1
MB AB (line from centre chord bisects chord)
2
1
18 cm
2
9 cm
Join OB.
OB = 13 cm (radius)
In △OMB,
OM OB 2 MB 2
(Pyth. theorem)
13 2 9 2 cm
88 cm
∵ ON CD (by construction)
∴
1
NC CD (line from centre chord bisects chord)
2
1
24 cm
2
12 cm
∠NOM = 90° ( sum of polygon)
∵
ONK NKM OMK NOM 90
∴ ONKM is a rectangle.
∴ NK = OM (property of rectangle)
KC NC NK
∴ (12 88 ) cm
2.62 cm (cor. to 2 d.p.)
20
1 Basic Properties of Circles
AE AD 2 ED 2
20 2 12 2 cm
16 cm
25.
1
CM CD (line from centre chord bisects chord)
2
1
10 cm
2
5 cm
∵ ON AB (by construction)
∴
1
AN AB (line from centre chord bisects chord)
2
1
24 cm
2
12 cm
In △OCM,
OC 2 OM 2 CM 2
(Pyth. theorem)
r 2 OM 2 5 2
r 2 OM 2 25 (1)
In △OAN,
OA 2 ON 2 AN 2
(Pyth. theorem)
r 2 ON 2 12 2
r 2 ON 2 144 (2)
∵ The distance between AB and CD is 17 cm.
∴ MN = 17 cm
Let ON = a cm, then OM = (17 a) cm.
By substituting (1) into (2), we have
OM 2 25 ON 2 144
OM 2 ON 2 119
(17 a) 2 a 2 119
289 34a a 2 a 2 119
170 34a
a5
∴ The shortest distance from O on AB is 5 cm.
AD 2 AE 2 ED 2 (Pyth. theorem)
21
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
(b) ∵ AB = AC and BP = PC
∴ AP BC (prop. of isos. △)
∵ OM AB (given)
∴ MB = AM (line from centre chord
= 6 cm bisects chord)
(ii)
AB 2 6 cm
Join OD. 12 cm
Let r cm be the radius of the circle.
OD = OA = r cm (radii)
AC AB (proved in (a))
OE = AE OA 12 cm
= (16 r) cm BC 2 6 cm (given)
In △OED,
12 cm
OD 2 OE 2 ED 2 (Pyth. theorem)
∵ AC = BC, ON AC and OP BC
r 2 (16 r ) 2 12 2
∴ OP = ON = 2 3 cm (equal chords,
r 2 256 32r r 2 144
equidistant from centre)
32r 400
Alternative Solution
r 12.5
∴ OA = 12.5 cm
(b) AB = 2 12.5 cm
= 25 cm
EB AB AE
( 25 16) cm Join OB.
Let r cm be the radius of the circle and OP = a cm.
9 cm In △APB,
AB 2 AP 2 BP 2
AP AB 2 BP 2 (Pyth. theorem)
12 2 6 2 cm
108 cm
AO AP OP
Join BD. r 108 a (1)
In △EBD, In △OPB,
BD EB 2 ED 2 Pyth. theorem OB 2 OP 2 BP 2
(Pyth. theorem)
9 2 12 2 cm r 2 a 2 62
15 cm r 2 a 2 36 (2)
BD AD (15 20 ) cm
2 2 2 2 2 By substituting (1) into (2), we have
625 cm 2 ( 108 a ) 2 a 2 36
AB 25 cm 2
2 2 108 2 108a a 2 a 2 36
625 cm 2 72 2 108a
∵ BD 2 AD 2 AB 2 36 6 3a
∴ △ABD is a right-angled converse of Pyth. 6
triangle, where AD⊥BD. theorem a
3
27. (a) Consider △ABP and △ACP. 12 (or 2 3 )
AP = AP common side
∴ OP = 12 cm (or 2 3 cm)
BP = CP given
AP BC line joining centre to
mid-pt. of chord chord
∴ APB = APC = 90
∴ △ABP △ACP SAS
∴ AB = AC corr. sides, △s
i.e. △ABC is an isosceles
triangle.
22
(line from centre ⊥ chord
bisects chord)
1
30. (a) ∵ MN MC (given)
2
∴ MN NC
∵ MN = NC and BD MC
Draw a line AB such that it passes through O and ∴ BD is the perpendicular bisector of the chord
AB⊥CD. Then, AB is the height of the tunnel, CM.
i.e. AB = 9 m and CD = 12 m. ∴ BD passes through the centre of the circle.
Join OD. (⊥bisector of chord passes through centre)
i.e. BD is a diameter of the circle.
23
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
1 semi-circle.
NC MC
2
(b) (i)
1
16 cm
2
8 cm
In △BCN,
NB BC 2 NC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
10 2 8 2 cm
6 cm
Join OC.
Let r cm be the radius of the circle.
OC OB (radii)
r cm
In △OCN,
OC 2 ON 2 NC 2
r 2 ( r 6) 2 8 2
r 2 r 2 12r 36 64
(Pyth. theorem)
12r 100
100
r
12
8.33 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
∴ The radius of the circle is 8.33 cm.
BD 2OB
100
(ii) 2 cm
12
50
cm
3
AD = BC = 10 cm (property of rectangle)
AB BD 2 AD 2
2
50 (Pyth.
10 2 cm
3
13.33 cm (cor. to 2 d.p.)
theorem)
24
1 Basic Properties of Circles
CP 2 144 a 2 (1)
theorem)
In △HCP,
CH 2
CP 2 PH 2
(Pyth.
20 2 CP 2 ( 20 a ) 2
CP 2 400 ( 20 a ) 2 (2)
theorem)
AOB 2ACB
3. (∠ at centre twice ∠ at
2 44
88
⊙ )
ce
∵ OB OA (radii)
∴ OBA OAB (base ∠s, isos. △)
x
In △AOB,
AOB OBA OAB 180
88 x x 180 (∠ sum
2x 92
x 46
of △)
25
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
5. ∵ DA DC (given)
∴ DAC DCA (base∠s. isos. △)
35
CBA 90 (∠ in semi-circle)
In △CAB,
CAB CBA BCA 180
(∠ sum
(35 x ) 90 35 180
x 20
of △)
AOB
ACB
2
10. ( at centre twice
130
2
65
at ☉ )
ce
∵ OC = OA (radii)
OCA OAC
∴ (base s, isos. △)
20
∵ OB = OC (radii)
OBC OCB
ACB OCA (base s, isos. )
∴ △
65 20
45
26
1 Basic Properties of Circles
AOC BAO of △)
11. (alt. ∠s, AB // CO)
44
AOC 15. DAB 90 (∠ in semi-circle)
ABC
2 (∠ at centre twice ∠ at ∵ AB AD (given)
44 ∴ ABD ADB (base ∠s, isos. △)
In △ABD,
2
ABD ADB DAB 180
22 (∠ sum
⊙ ) 2ADB 90 180
ADB 45
ce
AOC 2ABC
13. (∠ at centre twice ∠ at
2 25
50
⊙ )
ce
∵ CD CO (given)
∴ CDO COD (base ∠s, isos. △)
50
In △CDB,
CDB CBD BCD 180 (∠ sum
50 25 BCD 180
BCD 105
of △)
14. In △BDE,
DBE BED BDA
(ext. ∠ of △)
DBE 32 62
DBE 30
DAC DBC (∠s in the same
30
segment)
27
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
Level 2
16. BDC BAC (∠s in the same segment)
52
∵ OC OD (radii)
OCD ODC (base ∠s, isos. △)
∴
52
AOD
ABD
2 (∠ at centre twice ∠ at
130
2
65
⊙ )
ce
28
1 Basic Properties of Circles
Join BC.
CBD DAC (∠s in the same
43
segment)
ABC ABD CBD
47 43
90
∴ AC is a diameter of the circle.
(converse of ∠ in semi-circle)
21. (a)
Join AB.
ABC 90 (∠ in semi-circle)
29
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
(b) In △CBE, AK DK
CBE BCE BEA (ext. ∠ of △) BK CK
(90 x ) BCE 75 ∴ 6 cm DK (corr. sides, ~△s)
BCE x 15 3 cm 2 cm
BCD ( x 15) x DK 4 cm
2 x 15
∵ BD BC (given) 25. (a) ∵ OABC is a parallelogram. given
and OA = OC radii
∴ BDC BCD (base ∠s, isos. △) ∴ OABC is a rhombus.
2x 15
In △CBD,
BCD BDC CBD 180
2( 2 x 15) (90 x ) 180 (
3 x 60 180
x 40
sum of △)
∴ ∠ABC = 23
AOE
ABE
2
23. ( at centre twice
124
2
62
at ☉ )
ce
In △BCE,
BCE BEC ABE (ext. of △)
BEC 62 36
26
BAD BED (s in the same
26
segment)
In △ABK,
AKE BAK ABK
26 62 (ext. ∠ of △)
88
30
1 Basic Properties of Circles
AOB
(b) Let BAD = x.
In △ACD,
ADE CAD ACD (ext. of △) major AB
reflex AOB
(arcs prop. to ∠s
x 42
BED BAD x x 80
(s in the same
segment)
In △DKE, 14 280
KED KDE BKD x4
x ( x 42) 90 (ext. of △)
at centre)
2x 48
x 24
∴ BAD 24 2. ∵ AB BC CD (given)
∴ AOB BOC COD (equal chords,
27. With the notation in the figure, equal ∠s)
AOC
DOC
2
∴ 146
x
2
73
Join CD.
Let BAD x .
∠BCD = ∠BAD
=x
In △DCQ,
segment
s in the same
∵
∴
AB BC CD
AB BC CD 2 cm
(given)
31
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
BCD BC CD
AE ADE
∴
y cm (2 2) cm
y4
CD
CAD
(arcs prop. to ∠s at ☉ )
ce
y 24
COD CD
9 8
3.
BOC
BC
(arcs prop. to s at
y 27
5. In △ABC,
COD 4 BAC 180 ABC ACB
180 50 75
( sum
84 6 55
COD 56 of △)
centre)
BC BAC
BAD
BOD
2
84 56
( at centre twice at
AC
ABC
x (arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
2 x 55 ce
70
☉ ) 10 50
x 11
ce
BAC BC
CAD
CD
6. ∵
∴
CB AE
(given)
BDE BAE
x 16 CDB
CB
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
ce
x 2
30 1
x 60
BOC BC
AOB
AB
7.
BOC 2 (arcs prop. to s at centre)
AOB 4
1
BOC AOB
2
32
1 Basic Properties of Circles
129
(adj.
BOC
BC
9. (a) (arcs prop. to s at
2
AOB 4
AOB 86
s on st. line) 48 3
AOB 64
8. In △BCD,
BDC 180 DBC DCB centre)
( sum
180 62 64 AOB
54 ACB
2
of △) (b) 64 ( at centre twice
In △BDE, 2
EDB DEB DBC 32
(ext. of △)
EDB 35 62 at ☉ )
EDB 27 ce
AB : BC ADB : BDC
27 : 54
(arcs prop.
10.
AB
BCA 90
BCA
(∠ in semi-circle)
1: 2
AC
ABC
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
to s at ☉ ) ce
ce x 90
9 36
x 22.5
In △ABC,
ABC BCA BAC 180 ( sum
36 90 BAC 180
BAC 54
of △)
BC
BAC
AC
ABC
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
ce
y 54
9 36
y 13.5
11. (a) ∵
∴
BOD AOC (vert. opp. ∠s)
BD AC
(equal ∠s, equal arcs)
= 8 cm
33
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
ABC AC
ABD
AD
∴
BD BPD
1 (arcs prop. to s at
EF EPF
(b) (arcs prop. to s at
ABC 8
☉ )
ABD 4
ABC 2ABD
☉ce)
∴
BD EF
ce APD 5 10 15
∵ ∠CBD = 90° (∠ in semi-circle) ∵ 30
∴
ABD ABC 90
ABD 2ABD 90
3ABD 90 FPG
AD APD
12. ∵
ABD 30
APC 5 10
15
∴
FG
FPG
1 (arcs prop. to s at
CPD
AC APC
☉ce)
AD FG
∴
∴
CD
CPD
1 (arcs prop. to s at
∴
AC CD BD EF AD FG
, ,
☉ce)
∴
AC CD
Level 2
(any two of the above answers)
Join BC.
BCA BDA (s in the same segment)
70
In △ABC,
ABC BAC BCA 180 ( sum of △)
ABC 180 40 70
ADC
ABC
70
BC
BAC
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
ce
x 70
10 40
x 17.5
14. ∵ AB AD (given)
34
1 Basic Properties of Circles
∵
45
PQ QR
∴ PQ = QR (equal arcs, equal chords)
∠RPQ = ∠PRQ (base s, isos. △)
= 45°
In △PQR,
PQR RPQ PRQ 180
(
(30 RQS ) 45 45 180
RQS 60
sum of △)
∴
17. ∵ AB = AD = CD
AB AD CD
(given)
arcs)
ACB AB and ACD AD
ACD
AD
CBD
CD
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ce)
∴ ∠ACB = ∠ACD = ∠CBD
35
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
In △BCD, In △BCD,
BCD CBD BDC 180 CBD BCD BDC 180 ( sum
(∠ sum of
3CBD 30 180 30 BCD 20 180
CBD 50 BCD 130
△) of △)
BAD BCD
BDC BC
ADC
ABC
ABC
ADC
18. (a)
BDC
60
2 cm
(4 2) cm
(arcs prop. to s at
BAD 130
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
ce
BDC 20 6 cm 60
☉ )
ce
BAD 13 cm
CBD CD
ADC
ABD AD
ABC
CBD 3 cm
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
ce
ADC
ABC
(b) (arcs prop. to s at
60 6 cm ABD (13 4) cm
CBD 30 60 6 cm
ABD 90
☉ )
ce
(converse of in semi-circle)
BAC BC
19. ∵
CAD
1
CD
arcs prop. to s at ☉ce
∴ BAC = CAD
∵ OC = OA radii
∴ OCA OAC base s, isos. △
DAC
∴ OC // AD alt. s equal
20. (a)
∵
Join OB and OC.
AB BC CD
(given)
36
1 Basic Properties of Circles
pt.)
240
ABCD
AED
ACD
reflex AOD
240
2
( at centre
AE 50
2 (2 3 1) cm 90 (arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
twice at ☉ )
ce
120
5
AE 6 cm
ce
In △CDE,
CED CDE ECD 180
9
(
CED 20 120 180 10
CED 40 cm
3
sum of △)
21. (a) ∵ AB = CD
BAD BCD
∴
ACB CBD
equal chords, equal arcs
AC CB CB BD
(b)
AED
BAD 4
ABCD (arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
ce
AC BD
90 6
BAD 60
With the notation in the figure,
BGO GBA BAG (ext. of △)
50 60
BEC
110
BC
(b)
Join AD.
∵
AC BD
proved in (a)
AED
BEC 3
ABCD (arcs prop. to s
ADC AC
90
6
BEC 45
∴
DAB
1
BD
arcs prop. to s at at ☉ )
ce
☉ce
37
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
BEC OFE BGO 23. (a) With the notations in the figure,
(ext. of △)
45 OFE 110
OFE 65
In △BDF,
DFE BDF DBF (ext. of △)
20 30
50
In △ACG,
AGE CAG ACG (ext. of △)
40 50
90
x 180 FGE GFE
∴ 180 90 50 ( sum of △)
(b)
40
AB : BC : CD : DE : EA
ADB : BEC : CAD : DBE : ECA
(arcs prop. to s at ⊙ ce )
20 : 40 : 40 : 30 : 50
2: 4: 4:3:5
(c)
AB
2
Circumference of the circle 2 4 4 3 5
18
Circumference of the circle cm
2
9 cm
9
cm
∴ Radius of the circle 2
4.5 cm
B D 180
(opp. ∠s, cyclic
y 90 180
y 90
quad.)
C A 180
2. (opp. ∠s, cyclic
C 76 180
C 104
quad.)
38
1 Basic Properties of Circles
6. (a) In △ACD,
ADE CAD ACD
36 60 (ext. of △)
96
BOA
BPA
2
7. (a) 40 ( at centre twice at ⊙ )
ce
2
20
BAP BCP 180
(b) (opp. s,
BAP 50 180
BAP 130
cyclic quad.)
In △ABP,
ABP BAP BPA 180
( sum
ABP 130 20 180
ABP 30
39
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
of △) In △BCE,
CEB ECB EBC 180 ( sum
40 2EBC 180
8. CEB DAE (corr. s, AD // EC)
EBC 70
40 of △)
∵ EC = EB (given)
∴ ECB EBC (base s, isos. △) ADC EBC 180
(opp. s,
ADC 70 180
ADC 110
cyclic quad.)
10. In △CAD,
DAC ADC ACD 180
(
DAC 115 30 180
DAC 35
sum of △)
∴
BC CD
BC CD
(given)
BAC BC
1
DAC CD (arcs prop. to s at ☉ce)
BAC DAC
35
ABC + ADC = 180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
ABC 180 115
65
In △ABC,
ACB ABC BAC 180
(
ACB 65 35 180
ACB 80
40
1 Basic Properties of Circles
sum of △) In △ACD,
ACD ADB DAC 180
( 2 x 2 x) 60 x 180 (∠ sum
Level 2
11. Let CAE x . 5x 120
∵ AC is an angle bisector of ∠EAB. x 24
∴ BAC CAE x of △)
ECD EAB (ext. ∠, cyclic quad.)
In △ABD,
2x ABD BDA DAB 180
∵ EC is an angle bisector of ∠ACD.
ABD 60 2 x 180 (∠ sum
∴ ECA ECD
ABD 60 2( 24) 180
2x
ABD 72
of △)
12. In △ACD,
ACD ADC CAD 180
(∠ sum of
ACD ADC 40 180
ACD 140 ADC
△)
13.
Join AD.
ABC + CDA = 180 opp. s, cyclic quad.
ADE = 90 in semi-circle
ABC + CDE
ABC (CDA ADE )
180 90
270
41
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
17.
Join DC.
reflex COE
EDC
2 ( at centre twice
280
2
140
at ⊙ )
ce
18.
Join AD.
BAD DCB 180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
BAD 180 80
100
42
1 Basic Properties of Circles
, cyclic quad.
O DC O C D C O D 180
3x 180
x 60
sum of △
In △ABC,
BAC ABC ACB 180
BAC 2 x 2 y 180
sum of
BAC 2( x y ) 180
BAC 120 180
BAC 60
△
43
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
∵ BAD DCE
∴ A, B, C and D are not concyclic.
Alternative Solution
In △ABE,
ABE BAE AEB 180 ( sum
ABE 60 50 180
ABE 70
of △)
∵ ABC CDE
∴ A, B, C and D are not concyclic.
3. In △BCD,
CBD BDC DCB 180
(
CBD 35 105 180
CBD 40
sum of △)
∵ CAD = CBD
∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic.
(converse of s in the same segment)
ADC ABC
4. (a) ∵
90 90
180
∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. opp. s supp.
44
1 Basic Properties of Circles
∵ APM = AOM
∴ A, O, P and M are concyclic. converse of s in
In △ABG, the same segment
ABG 180 BGA GAB OAP OMB
(b) (s in the same segment)
180 85 45 28
50 ∵ OA = OP (radii)
sum of △ OPA OAP
∴ (base s, isos. △)
28
ABC ABG GBC
50 35 16. (a) Consider △BOM and △COM.
BM = CM given
85 OM ⊥ BC line joining centre to
∵ ABC = ADF mid-pt. of chord chord
∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. ext. = int. opp. ∴ ∠BMO = ∠CMO = 90°
CAD CBD OM = OM common side
(b) (s in the same ∴ △BOM △COM SAS
35
∴ ∠BOM = ∠COM corr. s, △s
segment)
(b) Let ∠BOM = ∠COM = a, by (a)
DCE DAB then ∠BOC = 2a.
(ext. , cyclic quad.)
BOC ∠ at centre twice
x 45 35 BAC ∠ at ⊙ce
80
2
2a
10. ABC = ADC opp. s of // gram 2
PQB = PDC ext. , cyclic quad. a
DPQ = PQB alt. s, AD // BC ∵ ∠BAC = ∠BOM
∴ DPQ = ABQ ∴ O, D, A and B are concyclic. ext. int. opp.
∴ A, B, Q and P are concyclic. ext. = int. opp.
45
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
In △PQB,
PQB 180 PBQ BPQ
(
180 (90 )
90
17. (a)
sum of △)
Join PB and let ARP = .
APQ = ARP = (given)
ABP = ARP = (s in the same segment)
APB = 90 ( in semi-circle)
BPQ APB APQ
(b)
90
Join RB.
TQB = 90 proved in (a)
TRB = 90 in semi-circle
TQB + TRB = 90 + 90
= 180
∴ R, T, Q and B are concyclic. opp. s supp.
20.
46
1 Basic Properties of Circles
(b)
22. (a)
∵ BM = CM given
∴ OM BC line joining centre to
mid-pt. of chord chord
∴ OM is the
perpendicular bisector
of BC.
∴ OM passes through
the centre of the
circumcircle of BCDO. ⊥bisector of chord
47
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
2. ∵ OM ⊥ AB(given)
BM AM
∴ (line from centre chord bisects
2 cm
chord)
In △OMB,
OB 2 OM 2
BM 2
OB OM 2 BM 2
(Pyth. theorem)
x 12 ( 2 ) 2
3
AB 2 AM
2 2 cm
∵ AB = AC, OM ⊥ AB and ON ⊥ AC
∴ ON = OM (equal chords, equidistant from centre)
= 1 cm
∴ y 1
3. ∵ BC = AB
∴
BC AB (equal chords, equal arcs)
x 22
BOC 2BAC
( at centre twice at
y 2 57
114
☉ )
ce
6. For I,
∠AOC = 2∠ABC ( at centre twice at ☉ce)
∴ I is true.
For II,
∠BCD = ∠BAD (s in the same segment)
∵ OC = OD (radii)
∴ ∠OCD = ∠ODC (base s, isos. △)
48
1 Basic Properties of Circles
For III, x
∵ ∠AOB = ∠COD (vert. opp. s) y
2 ( at centre twice at ⊙ )
∴ AB = CD (equal s, equal chords)
∴ III is true. 40 ce
∴ I, II and III are true. 2
20
7. For I,
∵ ∠ACB = ∠ADB
∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
(converse of s in the same segment)
For II,
In △BCD,
∠BCD + ∠BDC + ∠DBC = 180° ( sum of △)
∠BCD + 63° + 31° = 180°
∠BCD = 86°
∵ ∠BCD = ∠EAD
∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
(ext. = int. opp. )
For III,
∵ ∠DAB + ∠DCB = 108° + 82°
= 190°
180
∴ ABCD is not a cyclic quadrilateral.
∴ Only I and II are true.
AOB
BCA
2
2. 54 ( at centre twice
x
2
27
at ⊙ )
ce
AOB AB
COD
CD
3. (arcs prop. to s at centre)
x 8
90 18
x 40
49
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
BC BAC
∠BAC = 62°
AB
BCA
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
ce
y 62
4 32
y 7.75
7.
Join OF.
OF OB
1
BC (radii)
2
1
20 cm
2
10 cm
OG AB (property of rectangle)
6 cm
In △OGF,
FG OF 2 OG 2 (Pyth. theorem)
10 2 6 2 cm
8 cm
∵ OG FE (given)
∴ GE = FG (line from centre chord bisects
= 8 cm chord)
50
1 Basic Properties of Circles
ACB AB
65
140 2 x
2x
x
100
40
20
BAC BC (arcs prop. to s at ⊙ )
ce
3
2
3
∴ ACB BAC
2
In △ABC,
ABC ACB BAC 180
3
65 BAC BAC 180 (
2
5
BAC 115
2
BAC 46
sum of △)
9.
Join BE.
∠AEB = 90° ( in semi-circle)
BED AED AEB
103 90
13
BOD 2BED ( at centre twice
2 13
26
at ☉ )
ce
In △OCD,
∠ODE = ∠DOC + ∠DCO (ext. of △)
= 26° + 24°
50
10. In △AED,
∠EDF = ∠AED + ∠EAD (ext. of △)
=e+a
∠FCD = ∠BAD (ext. ∠, cyclic quad.)
=a
In △FCD,
∠CFD + ∠CDF + ∠FCD = 180° ( sum of △)
∠CFD + (e + a) + a = 180°
CFD 180 2a e
51
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
DOC MN MD 2 DN 2
DBC (Pyth. theorem)
2 12.5 2 7.5 2 cm
12. ( at centre twice at
90 10 cm
2
45
⊙ )
ce
(b)
Join AD.
∠BAD + ∠BCD = 180° (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
(∠OAD + 65°) + 65° = 180°
∠OAD = 50°
∵ OD = OA (radii)
∴ ∠ODA = ∠OAD (base s, isos. △)
= 50°
∠ADC + ∠ABC = 180° (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
(∠ODC + 50°) + 115° = 180°
ODC 15
= 625 cm2
∵ AB2 + BC2 = AC2
∴ ∠ABC = 90° converse of Pyth. theorem
∴ AC is a diameter converse of in
of the circle. semi-circle
(b) ∵ M is the mid-point of AC.
∴ M is the centre of the circle ABCD.
MD MC
∴ 25 (radii)
cm
2
12.5 cm
DN NC
∵ 15 (given)
cm
2
7.5 cm
∴ MN DC (line joining centre to mid-
pt. of chord chord)
In △MDN,
52
1 Basic Properties of Circles
(b)
Join AB.
∵ OF = OE, OE AC (proved in (a))
and OF CD (proved in (a))
∴ AC = CD (chords equidistant
= 12 cm from centre are equal)
∵ OE AC (given)
1
∴ AE AC (line from centre ⊥
2 chord bisects chord)
1
12 cm
2
6 cm
OB OD (radii)
48 cm
BE OB OE
( 48 12 ) cm
53
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
21.
17.
Let P be the maximum point of the arch, and M be a point
Join BD and DC. on AB such that OP ⊥ AB.
Consider △ABD and △ACD. Join OA and OP.
ABD = 90 in semi-circle
ACD = 90 in semi-circle
∴ ABD = ACD
AD = AD common side
AB = AC given
∴ △ABD △ACD RHS
∴ BAD = CAD corr. s, △s
∴ AD bisects BAC.
∵ ABC ADE
∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. ext. = int. opp.
(b) In △ACD,
CAD ACD ADE
(ext. of △)
CAD 116 54
62
CBD CAD (s in the same
62
segment)
EBD DE
19.
DAC
1
CD
arcs prop. to
s at ⊙ce
∴ EBD DAC
i.e. ∠PBQ = ∠PAQ
∴ P, A, B and Q are concyclic. converse of s in the
same segment
Level 2
54
1 Basic Properties of Circles
OP OM
( 27 386.75 ) m
7.33 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
22.
55
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
24. ∵ OD = DE (given)
∴ ∠DOE = ∠DEO (base s, isos. △)
Let ∠DOE = ∠DEO = a.
DOA
DCA ( at centre twice
2
a
2
at ☉ )
ce
∴ BEC 26
25.
Join OD.
∠OAD = ∠AOB (alt. ∠s, AD // BO)
= 24°
∵ OD = OA (radii)
∴ ∠ODA = ∠OAD (base s, isos. △)
= 24°
In △ODA,
∠DOA + ∠OAD + ∠ODA = 180° ( sum of △)
∠DOA + 24° + 24° = 180°
∠DOA = 132°
BOD
BCD
2 ( at centre twice at
132 24
2
78
☉ )
ce
56
1 Basic Properties of Circles
BDC BC
CAE
CDE
29. (a) (arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
27.
x 4 ce
Join MN.
ABM = MNC (ext. , cyclic quad.)
48 3 1
AEM = MND (ext. , cyclic quad.) x 48
∵ MNC + MND = 180 (adj. s on st. line)
∴ ABM AEM 180
In ABME,
Join BE.
BEC BC
CAD CD (arcs prop. to s at ⊙ce)
BEC 3
28 2
BEC 42
DBE DE
CAD CD (arcs prop. to s at ⊙ce)
DBE 4
28 2
DBE 56
In △BEK,
BKE KEB KBE 180
BKE 42 56 180 ( sum
BKE 82
of △)
57
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
CAD CD
BNP 180 NBP NPB
CAE
CDE
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
180 MDP DPM
DMP
NMC
ce sum of △
CAD 3
sum of △
48 4 vert. opp. s
CAD 36 ∴ QM QN sides opp. equal
∠BAD = ∠BAC + ∠CAD s
= 48° + 36°
= 84°
BAE BCE
32. (a) ∵ CD CE
∴ ∠CDE = ∠CED
∠CDE = ∠ABC
given
base s, isos. △
ext. ∠, cyclic quad.
BCD
BAD
∴ ∠ABE = ∠AEB
∴ AB AE
i.e. △ABE is an isosceles
triangle.
sides opp. equal s
BAE 84
(arcs prop. to s at ⊙ )
ce
BCD
84
∴
BAE : BCD 1 : 1
30. (a) Consider △PAD and △PCB.
APD = CPB common angle
PAD = PCB ext. , cyclic quad.
PDA = PBC ext. , cyclic quad.
∴ △PAD ~ △PCB AAA
(b) Consider △AKB and △DKC.
AKB = DKC vert. opp. s
BAK = CDK s in the same segment
ABK = DCK s in the same segment
∴ △AKB ~ △DKC AAA
(c) ∵ △PAD ~ △PCB (proved in (a))
PA PD
PC PB
6 cm 8 cm
∴ (corr. sides, ~
8 cm DC (6 10) cm
12 cm 8 cm DC
DC 4 cm
△s)
58
1 Basic Properties of Circles
DBC DC
In △OAC,
OAC OCA AOC 180
2OAC 45 180
(
∵
1
ABD AD (arcs prop. to s sum of △)
OAC 67.5
at ⊙ce)
∴ DBC ABD
x
(b)
ABE ABD DBC
∵ AE = AB
∴
2x
AEB ABE
2x
(proved in (a))
(base s, ∵
Join OB and AD.
AB BC
isos. △) ∴ AOB = BOC (equal arcs, equal s)
∵ CD = CE (given)
∴ CDE CED (base s,
2x
isos. △)
BDC 90 ( in
semi-circle)
In △BDE,
DBE BDE BED 180
x (90 2 x ) 2 x 180 (
5x 90
x 18
sum of △)
In △ABD,
BAD ABD BDE
(ext. of △)
BAD 18 90 2(18)
BAD 108
33. (a)
Join OC.
AOC ABC
AOD
ABCD
AOC 11 (arcs prop. to s at
90 2 11
1
AOC 90
2
45
centre)
∵ OA = OC (radii)
∴ OAC OCA (base s, isos. △)
59
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
CAD CD
△
DEC DCE proved in (a)
BCD DAE 180 opp.
ADB
AB
(arcs prop. to s at ⊙ )
(BCE DCE ) DAE 180
s, cyclic quad.
∵ EBF EDF
∴ BEFD is a cyclic converse of s
quadrilateral. in the same segment
(b) BDC BAC 35 (s in the same
segment) (b)
DBF DEF 27 (s in the same With the notation in the figure,
segment) ∠EMO = ∠AEB + ∠OAE (ext. of △)
In △BDF, = 35° + a
DBF BDF BFD 180 ∠DEB + ∠EBC = 180° (int. ∠s, ED // BC)
27 (35 90) BFD 180 100° + ∠EBC = 180°
∠EBC = 80°
BFD 28 OBM EBC OBC
( sum of △)
80 b
EMO AOB OBM (ext. of △)
60
1 Basic Properties of Circles
(b)
Join DE.
CDE EAC (s in the same (b)
37
Join CM such that CM ⊥ AB, and CM intersects
segment) DE at G.
∵ CE = CD (given) Draw a line from O to AC such that OF AC.
In △ACM,
∴ CED CDE (base s, isos. △)
CM
37 sin MAC
AC
CM
sin 60
AC
3 CM (∵ AC = AB = 10 cm)
2 10 cm
CM 5 3 cm
In △ACM,
∠MCA + ∠CAM + ∠AMC = 180° ( sum of △)
∠MCA + 60° + 90° = 180°
∠MCA = 30°
∵ OF AC (by construction)
1 (line from centre ⊥ chord
∴ AF AD bisects chord)
2
4 cm
AC AF
FC
(10 4) cm
6 cm
In △COF,
FC
cos OCF
OC
6 cm
cos 30
OC
3 6 cm
2 OC
12
OC cm
3
4 3 cm
61
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
CM OC
OM (5 3 4 3 ) cm
3 cm
∴ The shortest distance from O on AB is 3 cm.
40. (a) ∠BAC = 90° in semi-circle
∠ACD = 90° in semi-circle
∵ ∠BAC + ∠ACD = 90° + 90°
= 180°
∴ AB // CD int. ∠s supp.
(b) (i) Let ∠ABC = a.
∠BCD = ∠ABC = a (alt. ∠s, AB // CD)
∠EDC = ∠BCD = a (alt. ∠s, BC // DE)
∠ADC = ∠ABC = a (s in the same segment)
∠COE = 2∠CDE ( at centre twice at ☉ce)
= 2a
DOE DE
COE
CE
(arcs prop. to s at
DOE 2
2a 1
DOE 4a
centre)
In △COD,
∠CDO + ∠DCO + ∠COD = 180° ( sum of △)
a + a + (2a + 4a) = 180°
a = 22.5°
∴ ABC 22.5
(ii) ∠ACF = 90° in semi-circle
∠DOF = 4a
4 22.5
= 90°
∵ ∠ACF = ∠DOF
∴ ACFO is a cyclic ext. int. opp.
quadrilateral.
(c) ∵ ∠ACF = 90°
∴ AF is a diameter of the circle converse of
passing through A, C, F and O. in semi-circle
62
1 Basic Properties of Circles
(b)
12 cm
63
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
1
2
AB OC
ADC AD DC
Area of △AOB
1
2
( 2 2) 12 cm 2
2 12 cm 2 ∵
1 1
CB CB
2 2
2. Answer: B
For I,
∵ CQ = QD
4 3 cm 2
(given)
CB
∴ PQ CD (line joining centre to mid-pt. of ∴ AC CB (equal arcs, equal chords)
chord chord) ∴ AC : CB = 1 : 1
∴ I is true. ∴ II must be true.
For II,
∵ AB = CD, OP AB and OQ CD
∴ OP = OQ (equal chords, equidistant from centre)
1
∴ OQ PQ
2
∴ II is true.
For III,
∵ OP AB (given)
1
AP AB (line from centre chord bisects chord)
2
∴
1
12 cm
2
6 cm
In △AOP,
OP OA2 AP 2 (Pyth. theorem)
10 2 6 2 cm
8 cm
∴ III is not true.
∴ The answer is B.
3. Answer: B
In △ABE,
∠EAB + ∠ABE = ∠AED (ext. of △)
∠EAB + 32° = 80°
∠EAB = 48°
∠CDB = ∠CAB (s in the same segment)
= 48°
In △CDB,
∠DCB + ∠CDB + ∠DBC = 180° ( sum of △)
∠DCB + 48° + 55° = 180°
DCB 77
4. Answer : D
For I,
DC : CB DC : CB
in general.
64
1 Basic Properties of Circles
For III,
ADB ACB 90 ( in 7. Answer: B
semi-circle) ∠ADC + ∠ABC = 180° (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
∵ AC = CB (proved in II) ∠ADC = 180 x
∴ CBA = CAB (base s, isos. △) ∠ACD + ∠AED = 180° (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
In △ABC, ∠ACD = 180 y
CBA CAB ACB 180 ( In △ACD,
2CAB 90 180 ∠ACD + ∠ADC + ∠CAD = 180° ( sum of △)
CAB 45 (180° y) + (180° x) + 45° = 180°
x y 225
sum of △)
5. Answer: B
∠ADC + ∠ABC = 180°(opp. s, cyclic quad.)
∠ADC + 120° = 180°
∠ADC = 60°
Major AC ABC
Minor AC
ADC
DA 4 cm 120 (arcs prop. to s at
5 cm 60
DA 4 cm 10 cm
DA 6 cm
☉ )
ce
6. Answer: B
∠BCD + ∠BAD = 180° (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
∠BCD + 100° = 180°
∠BCD = 80°
In △BCD,
∠CBD + ∠BCD + ∠BDC = 180° ( sum of △)
∠CBD + 80° + 70° = 180°
∠CBD = 30°
∵ AD = CD
AD CD
∴ (equal chords, equal arcs)
ABD AD
CBD
CD
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
ce
ABD
1
30
ABD 30
65
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
66
1 Basic Properties of Circles
2.
Join OE.
∵ OE = AE
∴ ∠EOA = ∠EAO (base s, isos. △)
= 20°
∠OED = ∠EOA + ∠EAO (ext. of △)
= 20° + 20°
= 40°
∵ OD = OE (radii)
∴ ∠ODE = ∠OED (base s, isos. △)
= 40°
In △AOD,
∠DOC = ∠DAO + ∠ODA (ext. of △)
x° = 20° + 40°
x 60
3. Let ∠CAD = b.
In △CAD,
∠ACD + ∠CAD + ∠ADC = 180° ( sum of △)
∠ACD + b + 90° = 180°
∠ACD = 90 b
∠BAC = 90° ( in semi-circle)
∠BAD BAC CAD
90 b
ADC BAD
∠ABD 90 (90 b) (ext.
b
of △)
67
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
∴ EB = EP
∴ ∠EBP = ∠EPB base s, isos. △
4.
b
Consider △EBF and △CEF.
∠BFE = ∠EFC = 90° (b)
∠EBF = ∠CEF = 90 b
Let F be a point on AC such that EF ⊥ AC.
∠BEF = ∠ECF = b
∴ △EBF ~ △CEF (AAA) ∵ AE = CE (corr. sides, △s)
Let BF = 3x units and FC = x units. and EF ⊥ AC
∴ AF = FC (prop. of isos. △)
EF BF ∵ EF is the perpendicular bisector of AC.
CF EF (corr. sides, ~△s) ∴ The straight line passing through E and F passes
EF 3 x 2
2 through the centre of the circle.
(⊥bisector of chord passes through centre)
EF 3 x ∴ The centroid of △AEC lies on the straight line
EC CF passing through the point E and the centre of the
circle.
BE EF
EC x 3. (a) Consider △ABP and △QBC.
(corr. sides, ~△s)
48 3x ∠BAP = ∠BQC s in the same segment
∠ABP = ∠QBC common angle
48 ∠APB = 90° in semi-circle
EC
3 ∠APQ = 180° ∠APB adj. s on st. line
4 = 90°
∠ACQ = ∠APQ s in the same segment
= 90°
Exam Focus ∠QCB = 180° ∠ACQ adj. s on st. line
= 90°
Exam-type Questions (p. 1.87) ∴ ∠APB = ∠QCB
1. (a) (i) ∵ H is the orthocentre of △ABC. ∴ △ABP ~ △QBC AAA
∴ ∠APB = 90°
∴ AB is a diameter of the circle passing
through A, P and B.
(converse of in semi-circle)
∵ E is the mid-point of AB.
∴ E is the centre of the circle.
∴ E is the circumcentre of △APB.
69
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
5. Answer: A
Join EC.
In △ABC,
∠BAC + ∠ACB + ∠ABC = 180° ( sum of △)
∠BAC + 47° + 70° = 180°
BCE BE
∠BAC = 63°
BAC
BEC
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
ce
BCE 2
63 2 1
BCE 42
ACE ADE 180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
(ACB BCE ) ADE 180
(47 42) ADE 180
ADE 91
6. Answer: B
Join AD.
AOD
ABD
2 ( at centre twice at
100
2
50
☉ )
ce
70
1 Basic Properties of Circles
7. Answer: A
∵ AD = BD (given)
∴ OD AB (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord
chord)
OA = OC (radii)
= (8 + 9) cm
= 17 cm
In △AOD,
AD 2 OA 2 OD 2
(Pyth. theorem)
AD 17 2 8 2 cm
15 cm
OD
cos AOD
OA
8
17
AOD 61.9275
Area of the shaded region ADC
= Area of sector AOC area of △AOD
AOD 1
(17 2 ) 15 8 cm 2
360 2
96 cm 2 (cor. to the nearest cm 2 )
8. Answer: A
For I,
∵ BD is the angle bisector of ∠OBC.
∴ ∠CBE = ∠OBD
∵ OD = OB (radii)
∴ ∠ODB = ∠OBD (base s, isos. △)
∴ ∠ODE = ∠CBE
∠OED = ∠CEB (vert. opp. s)
In △DOE,
71