ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION

BY GROWING MOTIVATION AND UTILIZING OPPORTUNITIES

FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Diana Komala Dewi1, Acep Roni Hamdani2
1
Business Administration Faculty of Social Science and Political Science Pasundan University Bandung
2
Pasundan University, Bandung
1
[email protected]
2
[email protected]

Abstract. Entrepreneurship is an activity to improve people's welfare in terms of a better and better quality of life.
Entrepreneurship has a very large role in the development of economic growth. The role of entrepreneurship has been tested by
the economic crisis that hit the Indonesian nation. Entrepreneurship based on the people's economy was able to survive in a
difficult situation. For this reason, higher education as an institution that is a role model for the community can encourage a
culture of entrepreneurship. Universities are also expected to be able to create reliable entrepreneurs, so as to be able to give
encouragement to the community's intentions, especially students to become entrepreneurs. In giving a strong intention to
encourage students to become entrepreneurs, efforts are needed that can build entrepreneurial spirit for students. Building this
entrepreneurial spirit is not easy, of course, the main thing is by means of universities able to provide entrepreneurship courses
in every department that exists. Thus, after the knowledge of entrepreneurship is studied, of course, it will be able to build
motivation for entrepreneurship for students and students to be able to take advantage of the opportunities available to be able to
become entrepreneurs. Motivation for each person is different and is not easy to learn because it cannot be seen. Not everyone
has the motivation for entrepreneurship, but every person has the potential to become an entrepreneur. With this potential, it can
be grown by instilling the motivation for entrepreneurship. The motivation for entrepreneurship will encourage everyone to be
able to find a number of opportunities that can be utilized in entrepreneurship. Opportunities for entrepreneurship can be found
by: conducting market research, preparing and preparing business plans, adhering to rules, and marketing strategies that are
right on target.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship; motivational; and opportunities for entrepreneurship.

I. INTRODUCTION which cannot be said to be great to sustain the economy, so

Entrepreneurship is an important issue in the economy this entrepreneurial problems is an urgent problem for the
of a developing nation. The economic progress or decline success of economic development in Indonesia [2].
of a nation is very much determined by the existence and Given this, in Indonesia it is still very much in need of
role of this group of entrepreneurs. There is no nation in the many entrepreneurs to be able to help the development of
world that is capable of becoming a developed country the Indonesian economy. Especially for Indonesian
without being supported by a number of young people and students who are prioritized so that they are able to open
communities who are self-employed. In developed jobs and become entrepreneurs. There are still many
countries both in the Continent of Europe and the United students in Indonesia who think that after completing their
States, new entrepreneurs are born every ten minutes [1]. recovery, they can work in other people's companies. Even
This entrepreneurial growth brings tremendous econo-mic though a student from any department should be able to
improvement to a country, so that the more a country has think of creating an entrepreneurial opportunity and
entrepreneurship the more the economy increases. opening up employment opportunities to reduce
The development of entrepreneurs in Indonesia today unemployment in Indonesia today. Especially considering
is still very low when compared to other countries in Asia. the number of Indonesian youths who are only high school
This statement can be seen from the number of graduates who are unemployed, have no jobs and even
entrepreneurs that exist, in Indonesia only 1.56% of the unable to continue their education to college. Of course,
total population. Meanwhile, according to Mc Clelland, a this is a problem in Indonesia that can be used as an
country can prosper if there are at least 2% of entrepreneurs opportunity to create jobs.
there. As the success of the development achieved by the Students who are still thinking of working in other
Japanese state turned out to be sponsored by 2% of companies are of course a factor of the lack of motivation
entrepreneurs in the middle and small-scale entrepreneurs in entrepreneurship in students. Though the opportunity to
as much as 20% of the total population. Besides Japan, become an entrepreneur in Indonesia is very broad. Thus,
there are also several countries whose economic progress is there is a need for training and education on
sponsored by entrepreneurs, namely Malaysia with a entrepreneurship for all Indonesian students in any
number of entrepreneurs 5% of the population, Singapore department in order to foster an entrepreneurial spirit for all
with a number of entrepreneurs 7% of the population, and Indonesian students so that they can open jobs, reduce
Americans with more than 12% of the population become unemployment, and grow the Indonesian economy.
entrepreneurs. Unfortunately at this time, the number of
entrepreneurs in Indonesia is still small and of quality II. BASIC TEORY
A. Entrepreneurship how good the motivation of a motivator is, the best
In simple terms, entrepreneurs (entrepreneurs) are motivator is ourselves because we cultivate our thoughts,
people who have the soul to dare to take risks to open intentions and points of view are the strongest motivations.
businesses on various occasions. Having the courage to Definition of Motivation is a behavioral activity that works
take risks means being mentally independent and daring to in an effort to meet desired needs.
start a business, without being overwhelmed by fear or Entrepreneurial motivation carried out by [7] found
anxiety even in uncertain conditions. There are two that people will become entrepreneurs if the expected
opinions about the notion of entrepreneurship, namely rewards they enjoy are higher than wages as employees.
Peter F. Drucker said that entrepreneurship is the ability to Because the expected rewards depend on a person's
create something new and different. This understanding judgment and attitude towards risk, this research has
implies that an entrepreneur is a person who has the ability included a concept about the perception of entrepreneurial
to create something new, or is able to create something feasibility. Thus, like the theory of hope, this research
different from something that already exists [3]. found that entrepreneurial activity is a function of
Meanwhile, Zimmerer interpreted entrepreneurship as feasibility and desirability. While research conducted by
a process of applying creativity and innovation in solving McDougall et al. (2002) found that the choice between
problems and finding opportunities to improve life being an entrepreneur and being an employee will change
(business). From the two opinions above, it can be with a person's age change.
concluded that entrepreneurship is an ability in terms of
creating business activities. Entrepreneurship can be done C. Opportunities for Entrepreneurship
by [4]: "Business Opportunity" consists of two words,
1. Having capital as well as being a manager. namely; Opportunities that mean opportunities and
2. Depositing capital and management in the hands of possibilities, and business which means an effort with
partners. various powers to be able to achieve goals or something
3. Only submit general energy is converted into shares as desired.
proof of business ownership. Understanding business opportunities is an
Today there is no exact same terminology about opportunity or possibility that someone has to be able to
entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is essentially the achieve goals by doing a business that utilizes various
nature, characteristics, and character of someone who has existing resources.
the will to creatively bring innovative ideas into the real In doing an effort we must look and think about the
world. Entrepreneurship is a combination of creativity, steps ahead of how long and maybe the business can run
innovation, and courage to face the risks that are carried and develop. The fact is most prospective business people
out by working hard to form and maintain new businesses. today are more concerned with what is popular now, and in
From several entrepreneurial concepts, there are six the end when the business being carried out is no longer
essential characteristics of entrepreneurship, namely: effective, the businessman loses.
1. Entrepreneurship is a result manifested in behavior that Characteristics of Potential Business Opportunities
is used as a basis for resources, driving force, goals, There are a lot of business opportunities around us,
tactics, tips, processes, and business results [5] but not all of these business opportunities have beneficial
2. Entrepreneurship is the ability to create new and potential in the long run. for that we must be able to
different things [6]. recognize the characteristics of a potential business venture
3. Entrepreneurship is a process of applying creativity and and have a long business life. The following are some of
innovation in solving problems and finding the characteristics of potential business opportunities,
opportunities to improve life (business) [7]. including the following:
4. Entrepreneurship is a value needed to start a business 1. Have a sale value
(start-up phase) and business development (verture 2. It's not just ambition, but it's real
growth) [8]. 3. Can last long and be sustainable
5. Entrepreneurship is a process of working on a creative, 4. Not a seasonal business
and useful innovative things that provide more value. 5. Business scale can be enlarged
6. Entrepreneurship is an effort to create added value by 6. The capital starts not too big
combining resources through new and different ways to 7. The business is profitable.
win the competition.
Based on the six concepts above, entrepreneurship III. METHOD
can be defined briefly as a creative and innovative ability Literature study conducted by the author is by
that is used as tips, basics, resources, processes, and searching various written sources, whether in the form of
struggles to create value added goods and services carried books, archives, magazines, articles and journals, or
out with the courage to face risks. documents that are relevant to the problem being studied.
So that the information obtained from this literature study
B. Motivation for Entrepreneurship is used as a reference to strengthen existing arguments.
Motivation is not just for one or two people, almost This literature study is carried out by researchers after
everyone always needs motivation, they think this is the determining the research topic and determining the
spirit to achieve something. Every human being needs formulation of the problem, before going to the field to
positive encouragement from outside himself, but no matter
collect the necessary data. The following is an explanation to creativity and innovation. Creative and innovative
of the understanding of the Literature Study. processes are only carried out by people who have
entrepreneurial spirit and attitudes, namely people who are
confident (confident, optimistic, and full of commitment),
initiative (energetic and self-defense), have achievement
motives (results-oriented and forward-looking), has a
IV. DISCUSS leadership spirit (dare to appear different), and dare to take
A. Development of Entrepreneurship in Higher risks with full calculation (likes to be challenged).
Education 3. Entrepreneurship Program at Higher Education
Entrepreneurship development in universities is by Entrepreneurship programs in higher education are a
holding an entrepreneurship program for all courses in place to instill leadership values, obedience and
higher education so that all students get material on independence. However, entrepreneurship programs at
entrepreneurship so that universities are able to print new universities in their development are still looking for
entrepreneurs who are able to open jobs that will contribute program models that are in accordance with the academic
to the economy in Indonesia. spirit. The important thing in entrepreneurship programs is
1. The Importance of Entrepreneurship Development how new ideas and thoughts arise to create something new
The importance of developing entrepreneurship in and different. In particular entrepreneurial university
higher education helps the campus to print its graduates has programs from universities, including; developing and
added value in the ability to create business opportunities. perfecting quality control systems, fostering and
Entrepreneurship development in higher education is seen developing student life, developing and implementing
as important to get attention with its objectives, namely; Information Technology (IT) in academic and management
strengthening the implementation of vision and mission, midwives, strengthening and expanding national and
organizing the academic institutional system into an international collaborative relationships, developing culture
independent academic institution, perfecting the and arts to enrich and enhance campus development,
mechanism and self-evaluation system through standard Internationalization of the learning process, strengthening
evaluation processes towards improving the quality of the and expanding public realities, developing institutional
performance learning process, improving the quality of accountability systems, perfecting and strengthening the
graduates in accordance with regional and international education of faith, devotion and morals, campus laboratory
quality standards, developing competency-based development, internal audits and others.
curriculum by entering entrepreneurship programs and 4. Management of Entrepreneurship Programs in
increasing the intensity of foreign language mastery, Higher Education
information technology, developing moral and ethical Entrepreneurship programs managed by universities
attitudes, increasing the proportion of lecturers with post- refer to the Higher Education Strategic Plan which focuses
graduate education, functional technical training both at on the following fields:
home and abroad, increasing community service activities. a. Renewal of the institution's management system;
2. Benefits of Developing Entrepreneurship in Higher b. Expansion of opportunities and access to higher
Education education;
The development of entrepreneurship programs in c. Improvement and stabilization of the curriculum;
higher education provides a great value for the academic d. Improving the quality of the teaching and learning
community; motivating the academics through the spirit of process;
entrepreneurship that is perceived by the values contained e. Development of new study programs;
in entrepreneurship can form creative, innovative and more f. Renewal, improvement of learning facilities;
open ways of thinking in motivating independence g. Improving the quality and qualifications of human
Entrepreneurship program provides benefits in the form of resources.
encouragement to leaders to always conduct condition The application of integrated courses in the
analysis through SWOT analysis (Strategy, Weakness, curriculum provides sufficient scientific understanding of
Opportunity, Threats) which aims to further direct the entrepreneurship. This shows that as a college it has
campus development program. In the spirit of seriousness in preparing prospective graduates to have a
entrepreneurship, the campus is always introspective and high spirit of independence and creativity to create business
evaluates the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and opportunities. While their practical views are easier to
threats faced for the present or in the future in the access by looking at and observing the efforts developed by
development of higher education. the campus, so that the theoretical material they receive can
The benefits felt by the development of be compared with practical conditions in the field.
entrepreneurship programs can foster motivation and
interest in understanding entrepreneurship. So that foster 5. Growing Entrepreneurial Motivation for Students
interest and talent in the field of science to be developed Business motivation is one of the drivers of the
into business opportunities by forming alumni networks in growth of one's entrepreneurial spirit. A person's success is
order to obtain information on the labor market and the job often accompanied by a strong motivation in running every
market. business he lives.
The development of entrepreneurship programs on With the motivation we have the urge to do, do
campus is perceived as a learning process for giving birth something we want. Motivation in entrepreneurship is
indeed very necessary to run a business. Especially if this brave enough to start entrepreneurship on existing ideas
entrepreneurial motivation is owned by every student in so that he will know the business opportunities that are
Indonesia. being run are really good business opportunities.
The ways to cultivate entrepreneurship motivation
are:
1. Positive attitudes and thoughts.
A positive attitude is needed, when you want to grow IV. CONCLUSION
motivation. After making a positive effort must have One of the entrepreneurship development programs in
positive thoughts, but do not be too high-minded, it will universities is through the implementation of
abort motivation if it fails. Positive attitudes and entrepreneurship courses that are integrated into the
thoughts when trying to open a business are certainly curriculum, namely how the curriculum is developed by
very important things so that every business that runs identifying its uniqueness which has to do with the
can run smoothly. development of entrepreneurship.
2. Self-respect. The existence of an entrepreneurial curriculum will be
3. It is very important in growing motivation by respecting able to foster motivation for entrepreneurship for students
oneself. When able to appreciate the strength and and students to be able to take advantage of the
ability possessed, it will be motivated to do something opportunities available to become entrepreneurs. Of course,
that can be done with the strength they have. the entrepreneurial spirit will grow with sincerity to foster
4. Strong ambition and determination. motivation for entrepreneurship in students, thus students
Every student must be ambitious and determined to be will easily find out about existing business opportunities,
entrepreneurial. because they are motivated to become entrepreneurs.
5. Dispose of shame and shame with fear. Writing articles on entrepreneurship development in
Never be ashamed of your own strength, while you can universities by fostering motivation and taking advantage
do it. Everyone has a goal and can also get it. Don't be of this entrepreneurial opportunity, it is hoped that in all
embarrassing because it can make it down if you are universities, especially in Indonesia, they can include
embarrassed. entrepreneurship courses in all existing study programs so
6. Don't be afraid of risk that all students in Indonesia can have entrepreneurial
A student should not be afraid of risk, keep trying and values by cultivating motivation. That is in him so he is
going forward so that motivation is maintained, and can able to take advantage of opportunities for
achieve goals in entrepreneurship. entrepreneurship.
7. Stay calm even when under pressure. The author hopes to the readers if there are errors and
When stressed conditions must immediately calm shortcomings in writing this article if it can be corrected by
down, do not overtake the pressure. giving criticism and suggestions to the author.

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