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    Kachru's Model Reflection

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    Herford Rei Guibangguibang
    Kachru's Three Circles Model of World Englishes categorizes varieties of English into three circles based on spread and use. The inner circle refers to countries where English is the primary language such as the UK and US (norm providing). The outer circle refers to countries that were colonized and adopted English as an institutional language like India and Nigeria (norm developing). The expanding circle refers to countries where English is taught as a foreign language like China and Brazil (norm dependent). The model illustrates differences in how English is used and performed in various contexts according to whether it is a first, second, or foreign language. It also highlights both the privileges and prejudices that come with classifications of English varieties.

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    Kachru's Model Reflection

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    Herford Rei Guibangguibang
    421 views2 pages
    Kachru's Three Circles Model of World Englishes categorizes varieties of English into three circles based on spread and use. The inner circle refers to countries where English is the primary language such as the UK and US (norm providing). The outer circle refers to countries that were colonized and adopted English as an institutional language like India and Nigeria (norm developing). The expanding circle refers to countries where English is taught as a foreign language like China and Brazil (norm dependent). The model illustrates differences in how English is used and performed in various contexts according to whether it is a first, second, or foreign language. It also highlights both the privileges and prejudices that come with classifications of English varieties.

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    Kachrus Concentric Model of World Englishes

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    Kachru's model Reflection

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    Kachru's Three Circles Model of World Englishes categorizes varieties of English into three circles based on spread and use. The inner circle refers to countries where English is the primary language such as the UK and US (norm providing). The outer circle refers to countries that were colonized and adopted English as an institutional language like India and Nigeria (norm developing). The expanding circle refers to countries where English is taught as a foreign language like China and Brazil (norm dependent). The model illustrates differences in how English is used and performed in various contexts according to whether it is a first, second, or foreign language. It also highlights both the privileges and prejudices that come with classifications of English varieties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    421 views2 pages

    Kachru's Model Reflection

    Uploaded by

    Herford Rei Guibangguibang
    Kachru's Three Circles Model of World Englishes categorizes varieties of English into three circles based on spread and use. The inner circle refers to countries where English is the primary language such as the UK and US (norm providing). The outer circle refers to countries that were colonized and adopted English as an institutional language like India and Nigeria (norm developing). The expanding circle refers to countries where English is taught as a foreign language like China and Brazil (norm dependent). The model illustrates differences in how English is used and performed in various contexts according to whether it is a first, second, or foreign language. It also highlights both the privileges and prejudices that come with classifications of English varieties.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Name: Herford Rei B.

    Guibangguibang February 22, 2020


    MAELS REFLECTION PAPER

    Topic: Kachru’s Three Circles Model of World Englishes

    Based on my reading, Kachru’s model in World Englishes was formulated in the early
    1980’s which became the pioneering model: concentric circles. These circles represent “the
    type of spread, the patterns of acquisition and the functional domains in which English is
    used across cultures and languages. The Concentric circles model presents three concepts:
    First, the inner circle, where the language functions as an L1 (or the native language),
    among speakers are from Great Britain, the USA; secondly, the outer circle, where the
    language was forced upon the subjugated people by Britain, among speakers are from India
    and Nigeria; third, the expanding circle where English is studied as a foreign language,
    among speakers are from China and Brazil which is being critically explained that speakers
    in the three circles perform in English in different ways according to the contexts in which
    English is employed.

    The inner circle or the so-called native speakers refers to the traditional bases of
    English, dominated by the mother-tongue varieties, where English acts as a first language.
    The varieties of English used here are said to be ‘norm providing’. Norm provider in the
    sense that they are the one who were known to have the standard rules that is why they are
    presumed to be the provider of the sets.   Meanwhile, the Outer Circle consists of the
    earlier phases of the spread of English in non-native settings, where the language has
    become part of a country’s chief institutions, and plays an important ‘second language’
    role in a multilingual setting. The English used in the outer circle is considered as ‘norm-
    developing’. Lastly,  the Expanding Circle refers to the territories where English is learnt
    as a foreign language. English is taught as a ‘foreign’ language as the most useful
    vehicle of international communication. The English used in the Expanding Circle is
    regarded as ‘norm dependent’.

    This model creates the classification of speakers as to ENL (English as a native


    language, there are native speakers born in a English-speaking country, having then this
    language as their mother tongue. The other one, ESL (English as a second language,
    these are the non-native speakers who have learnt English almost at the same time as
    their mother tongue. Third, EFL, English as a foreign language, these are the non-native
    speakers who learnt English in a country where English is not usually spoken.

    Braj Kachru’s model brings intertwined effects - ecstasy and agony. English is
    everywhere and bestows privileges on those who acquired the language at an early age or
    have learned it formally in schools – emphasizing that English brings ecstasy. On the other
    hand, notions speaks that there are people who have not given or do not have really
    opportunities to learn English – highlighting the agony effect. Moreover, there are speakers
    who use English but have deviating features as to what function of English in the inner circle
    speakers used, as result, this gives the agony of prejudice and discrimination to the
    speakers. Even the point of trying to become a native speaker because as said people who
    speak and write it appropriately have varied roles in the large number of communities of
    practice.

    In the article, it pointed out that, Kachru’s three circles construct or model of English
    brings a notion that the world is multilingual: multilingualism is the rule, and monolingualism
    is the exception. In lieu, we tend to view native speakers as almost god-like creatures with
    reverence since native speakers are the creator or the English, and
    Name: Herford Rei B. Guibangguibang February 22, 2020
    MAELS REFLECTION PAPER

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