During a routine inspection, a technician discovered that software that was installed on a

computer was secretly collecting data about websites that were visited by users of the computer.
Which type of threat is affecting this computer?
a. spyware
b. zero-day attack
c. DoS attack
d. identity theft

Which term refers to a network that provides secure access to the corporate offices by suppliers,
customers and collaborators?
a. Internet
b. extranet
c. intranet
d. extendednet

A large corporation has modified its network to allow users to access network resources from
their personal laptops and smart phones. Which networking trend does this describe?
a. bring your own device
b. cloud computing
c. online collaboration
d. video conferencing

What is an ISP?
a. It is a protocol that establishes how computers within a local network communicate.
b. It is a networking device that combines the functionality of several different
networking devices in one.
c. It is an organization that enables individuals and businesses to connect to the Internet.
d. It is a standards body that develops cabling and wiring standards for networking.

In which scenario would the use of a WISP be recommended?

a. an Internet cafe in a city
b. any home with multiple wireless devices
c. an apartment in a building with cable access to the Internet
d. a farm in a rural area without wired broadband access

What characteristic of a network enables it to quickly grow to support new users and
applications without impacting the performance of the service being delivered to existing users?
a. scalability
b. reliability
 c. quality of service
d. accessibility

A college is building a new dormitory on its campus. Workers are digging in the ground to
install a new water pipe for the dormitory. A worker accidentally damages a fiber optic cable
that connects two of the existing dormitories to the campus data center. Although the cable has
been cut, students in the dormitories only experience a very short interruption of network
services. What characteristic of the network is shown here?
a. quality of service (QoS)
b. scalability
c. security
d. fault tolerance
e. integrity

What are two characteristics of a scalable network? (Choose two.)

a. grows in size without impacting existing users
b. is not as reliable as a small network
c. easily overloaded with increased traffic
d. offers limited number of applications
e. suitable for modular devices that allow for expansion

Which device performs the function of determining the path that messages should take through
internetworks?
a. a web server
b. a firewall
c. a router
d. a DSL modem

Which two Internet connection options do not require that physical cables be run to the
building? (Choose two.)
a. DSL
b. dialup
c. satellite
d. dedicated leased line
e. cellular

What type of network must a home user access in order to do online shopping?
a. the Internet
 b. an extranet
c. an intranet
d. a local area network

How does BYOD change the way in which businesses implement networks?
a. BYOD devices are more expensive than devices that are purchased by an organization.
b. BYOD provides flexibility in where and how users can access network resources.
c. BYOD requires organizations to purchase laptops rather than desktops.
d. BYOD users are responsible for their own network security, thus reducing the need for
organizational security policies.

An employee wants to access the network of the organization remotely, in the safest possible
way. What network feature would allow an employee to gain secure remote access to a
company network?
a. IPS
b. ACL
c. VPN
d. BYOD

What is the Internet?

a. It is a network based on Ethernet technology.
b. It provides network access for mobile devices.
c. It is a private network for an organization with LAN and WAN connections.
d. It provides connections through interconnected global networks.

What are two functions of end devices on a network? (Choose two.)

a. They originate the data that flows through the network.
b. They direct data over alternate paths in the event of link failures.
c. They filter the flow of data to enhance security.
d. They are the interface between humans and the communication network.
e. They provide the channel over which the network message travels.

Which statement is true about the running configuration file in a Cisco IOS device?
It is stored in NVRAM.

It should be deleted using the erase running-config command.

It affects the operation of the device immediately when modified.

It is automatically saved when the router reboots.

Which two statements are true regarding the user EXEC mode? (Choose two.)
Only some aspects of the router configuration can be viewed.

All router commands are available.

Global configuration mode can be accessed by entering the enable command.

The device prompt for this mode ends with the ">" symbol.

Interfaces and routing protocols can be configured.

Which type of access is secured on a Cisco router or switch with the enable secret command?
console line

AUX port

privileged EXEC

virtual terminal

What is the default SVI on a Cisco switch?

VLAN100

VLAN999

VLAN1

VLAN99

When a hostname is configured through the Cisco CLI, which three naming conventions are
part of the guidelines? (Choose three.)
the hostname should contain no spaces

the hostname should end with a special character

the hostname should be written in all lower case characters

the hostname should begin with a letter

the hostname should be fewer than 64 characters in length

What is the function of the shell in an OS?

It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.

It interacts with the device hardware.

It interfaces between the users and the kernel.

It provides dedicated firewall services.

A router with a valid operating system contains a configuration file stored in NVRAM. The
configuration file has an enable secret password but no console password. When the router
boots up, which mode will display?
global configuration mode
privileged EXEC mode

setup mode

user EXEC mode

An administrator has just changed the IP address of an interface on an IOS device. What else
must be done in order to apply those changes to the device?
Copy the information in the startup configuration file to the running configuration.

Reload the device and type yes when prompted to save the configuration.

Copy the running configuration to the startup configuration file.

Nothing must be done. Changes to the configuration on an IOS device take effect as soon as the
command is typed correctly and the Enter key has been pressed.

Which memory location on a Cisco router or switch will lose all content when the device is
restarted?
ROM

flash

NVRAM

RAM

Why would a technician enter the command copy startup-config running-config?

to remove all configurations from the switch

to copy an existing configuration into RAM

to save an active configuration to NVRAM

to make a changed configuration the new startup configuration

Which functionality is provided by DHCP?

automatic assignment of an IP address to each host

end-to-end connectivity test

translation of IP addresses to domain names

remote switch management

Which two functions are provided to users by the context-sensitive help feature of the Cisco
IOS CLI? (Choose two.)
displaying a list of all available commands within the current mode

providing an error message when a wrong command is submitted

selecting the best command to accomplish a task

allowing the user to complete the remainder of an abbreviated command with the TAB key
 determining which option, keyword, or argument is available for the entered command

Which memory location on a Cisco router or switch stores the startup configuration file?
 NVRAM
 RAM
 flash
 ROM

To what subnet does the IP address 10.1.100.50 belong if a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0 is used?
 10.1.0.0
 10.0.0.0
 10.1.100.32
 10.1.100.0

Which three acronyms/initialisms represent standards organizations? (Choose three.)

 IANA
 OSI
 MAC
 IEEE
 IETF
 TCP/IP

What type of communication will send a message to all devices on a local area network?
 unicast
 allcast
 multicast
 broadcast

In computer communication, what is the purpose of message encoding?

 to break large messages into smaller frames
 to convert information to the appropriate form for transmission
 to interpret information
 to negotiate correct timing for successful communication

Which message delivery option is used when all devices need to receive the same message simultaneously?
 duplex
 multicast
 unicast
 broadcast

What are two benefits of using a layered network model? (Choose two.)
 It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.
 It prevents designers from creating their own model.
 It speeds up packet delivery.
 It assists in protocol design.
 It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.

What is the purpose of protocols in data communications?

 dictating the content of the message sent during communication
  providing the rules required for a specific type of communication to occur
 specifying the bandwidth of the channel or medium for each type of communication
 specifying the device operating systems that will support the communication

Which logical address is used for delivery of data to a remote network?

 destination IP address
 source MAC address
 destination MAC address
 source IP address
 destination port number

What is the general term that is used to describe a piece of data at any layer of a networking model?
 frame
 protocol data unit
 packet
 segment

Which two protocols function at the internet layer? (Choose two.)

 POP
 PPP
 ICMP
 BOOTP
 IP

Which layer of the OSI model defines services to segment and reassemble data for individual communications
between end devices?
 presentation
 application
 network
 session
 transport

Which type of communication will send a message to a group of host destinations simultaneously?
 broadcast
 anycast
 unicast
 multicast

What process is used to receive transmitted data and convert it into a readable message?
 access control
 decoding
 flow control
 encapsulation

What is done to an IP packet before it is transmitted over the physical medium?

 It is segmented into smaller individual pieces.
 It is encapsulated into a TCP segment.
 It is encapsulated in a Layer 2 frame.
 It is tagged with information guaranteeing reliable delivery.

What process is used to place one message inside another message for transfer from the source to the destination?
 flow control
 access control
  encapsulation
 decoding

A web client is sending a request for a webpage to a web server. From the perspective of the client, what is the
correct order of the protocol stack that is used to prepare the request for transmission?
 HTTP, IP, TCP, Ethernet
 Ethernet, IP, TCP, HTTP
 Ethernet, TCP, IP, HTTP
 HTTP, TCP, IP, Ethernet

A network administrator is troubleshooting connectivity issues on a server. Using a tester, the administrator notices
that the signals generated by the server NIC are distorted and not usable. In which layer of the OSI model is the error
categorized?
 presentation layer
 physical layer
 network layer
 data link layer

What type of cable is used to connect a workstation serial port to a Cisco router console port?
 rollover
 coaxial
 straight-through
 crossover

Why are two strands of fiber used for a single fiber optic connection?
 They allow for full-duplex connectivity.
 They prevent crosstalk from causing interference on the connection.
 The two strands allow the data to travel for longer distances without degrading.
 They increase the speed at which the data can travel.

Which procedure is used to reduce the effect of crosstalk in copper cables?

 wrapping the bundle of wires with metallic shielding
 designing a cable infrastructure to avoid crosstalk interference
 avoiding sharp bends during installation
 requiring proper grounding connections
 twisting opposing circuit wire pairs together

What is one advantage of using fiber optic cabling rather than copper cabling?
 It is easier to terminate and install than copper cabling.
 It is able to be installed around sharp bends.
 It is able to carry signals much farther than copper cabling.
 It is usually cheaper than copper cabling.

A network administrator is designing a new network infrastructure that includes both wired and wireless
connectivity. Under which situation would a wireless connection be recommended?
 The end-user device requires a dedicated connection because of performance requirements.
 The end-user device needs mobility when connecting to the network.
 The end-user device only has an Ethernet NIC.
 The end-user device area has a high concentration of RFI.

Which type of UTP cable is used to connect a PC to a switch port?

 console
 crossover
 straight-through
  rollover

What is the definition of bandwidth?

 the speed of bits across the media over a given period of time
 the measure of usable data transferred over a given period of time
 the speed at which bits travel on the network
 the amount of data that can flow from one place to another in a given amount of time

Which statement correctly describes frame encoding?

 It transmits data signals along with a clock signal which occurs at evenly spaced time durations.
 It generates the electrical, optical, or wireless signals that represent the binary numbers of the frame.
 It uses the characteristic of one wave to modify another wave.
 It converts bits into a predefined code in order to provide a predictable pattern to help distinguish data bits
from control bits.

What is a characteristic of UTP cabling?

 cancellation
 cladding
 immunity to electrical hazards
 woven copper braid or metallic foil

A wireless LAN is being deployed inside the new one room office that is occupied by the park ranger. The office is
located at the highest part of the national park. After network testing is complete, the technicians report that the
wireless LAN signal is occasionally affected by some type of interference. What is a possible cause of the signal
distortion?
 the number of wireless devices that are used in the wireless LAN
 the microwave oven
 the elevated location where the wireless LAN was installed
 the large number of trees that surround the office

What is the purpose of the OSI physical layer?

 transmitting bits across the local media
 performing error detection on received frames
 exchanging frames between nodes over physical network media
 controlling access to media

Which characteristic describes crosstalk?

 the distortion of the network signal from fluorescent lighting
 the distortion of the transmitted messages from signals carried in adjacent wires
 the weakening of the network signal over long cable lengths
 the loss of wireless signal over excessive distance from the access point

What is indicated by the term throughput?

 the time it takes for a message to get from sender to receiver
 the measure of the bits transferred across the media over a given period of time
 the guaranteed data transfer rate offered by an ISP
 the measure of the usable data transferred across the media
 the capacity of a particular medium to carry data

Which standards organization oversees development of wireless LAN standards?

 IANA
 IEEE
 ISO
 TIA
What is the binary representation for the decimal number 173?
 10100111
 10101101
 10100101
 10110101

Given the binary address of 11101100 00010001 00001100 00001010, which address does this represent in dotted
decimal format?
 236.17.12.10
 236.17.12.6
 234.17.10.9
 234.16.12.10

How many binary bits exist within an IPv6 address?

 32
 48
 128
 64
 256

What is the binary equivalent of the decimal number 232?

 11110010
 10011000
 11101000
 11000110

Which two statements are correct about IPv4 and IPv6 addresses? (Choose two.)
IPv4 addresses are 32 bits in length.

 IPv6 addresses are represented by hexadecimal numbers.

 IPv6 addresses are 64 bits in length.
 IPv4 addresses are 128 bits in length.
 IPv6 addresses are 32 bits in length.
 IPv4 addresses are represented by hexadecimal numbers.

Which IPv4 address format was created for ease of use by people and is expressed as 201.192.1.14?
 dotted decimal
 hexadecimal
 ASCII
 binary

What is the dotted decimal representation of the IPv4 address 11001011.00000000.01110001.11010011?

 198.51.100.201
 209.165.201.223
 203.0.113.211
 192.0.2.199

What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 10010101?

 168
 149
 157
 192
What is the decimal equivalent of the hex number 0x3F?
 63
 87
 93
 77

What is the dotted decimal representation of the IPv4 address which is represented as the binary string
00001010.01100100.00010101.00000001?
 100.21.10.1
 10.10.20.1
 100.10.11.1
 10.100.21.1

What is the decimal equivalent of 0xC9?

 200
 201
 199
 185

Which is a valid hexadecimal number?

 g
 h
 f
 j

What is the binary representation of 0xCA?

 11011010
 10111010
 11010101
 11001010

How many bits are in an IPv4 address?

 128
 64
 32
 256
What identifier is used at the data link layer to uniquely identify an Ethernet device?
 MAC address
 sequence number
 TCP port number
 UDP port number
 IP address

What attribute of a NIC would place it at the data link layer of the OSI model?
 MAC address
 IP address
 TCP/IP protocol stack
 RJ-45 port
 attached Ethernet cable

Which two engineering organizations define open standards and protocols that apply to the data link layer? (Choose
two.)
 Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)
  Internet Society (ISOC)
 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
 International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)

What is true concerning physical and logical topologies?

 The logical topology is always the same as the physical topology.
 Physical topologies are concerned with how a network transfers frames.
 Logical topologies refer to how a network transfers data between devices.
 Physical topologies display the IP addressing scheme of each network.

What method is used to manage contention-based access on a wireless network?

 token passing
 CSMA/CA
 CSMA/CD
 priority ordering

A technician has been asked to develop a physical topology for a network that provides a high level of redundancy.
Which physical topology requires that every node is attached to every other node on the network?
 ring
 star
 mesh
 hierarchical
 bus

Which statement describes the half-duplex mode of data transmission?

 Data that is transmitted over the network flows in one direction to many different destinations
simultaneously.
 Data that is transmitted over the network can only flow in one direction.
 Data that is transmitted over the network flows in one direction at a time.
 Data that is transmitted over the network flows in both directions at the same time.

Which is a function of the Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer?

 to provide data link layer addressing
 to define the media access processes that are performed by the hardware
 to accept segments and package them into data units that are called packets
 to identify which network layer protocol is being used

Which data link layer media access control method does Ethernet use with legacy Ethernet hubs?
 determinism
 turn taking
 token passing
 CSMA/CD

What are the two sublayers of the OSI model data link layer? (Choose two.)
 physical
 MAC
 transport
 network access
 internet
 LLC
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for specifying the encapsulation method used for specific types of
media?
 physical
 transport
 application
 data link

What type of physical topology can be created by connecting all Ethernet cables to a central device?
 ring
 bus
 star
 mesh

What are two services performed by the data link layer of the OSI model? (Choose two.)
 It provides media access control and performs error detection.
 It fragments data packets into the MTU size.
 It determines the path to forward packets.
 It accepts Layer 3 packets and encapsulates them into frames.
 It monitors the Layer 2 communication by building a MAC address table.

Although CSMA/CD is still a feature of Ethernet, why is it no longer necessary?

 the use of full-duplex capable Layer 2 switches
 the development of half-duplex switch operation
 the use of Gigabit Ethernet speeds
 the use of CSMA/CA
 the virtually unlimited availability of IPv6 addresses

Which two characteristics describe Ethernet technology? (Choose two.)

 It uses a ring topology.
 It is supported by IEEE 802.5 standards.
 It is supported by IEEE 802.3 standards.
 It typically uses an average of 16 Mbps for data transfer rates.
 It uses unique MAC addresses to ensure that data is sent to the appropriate destination.

What statement describes a characteristic of MAC addresses?

 They are added as part of a Layer 3 PDU.
 They have a 32-bit binary value.
 They are only routable within the private network.
 They must be globally unique.

What is the special value assigned to the first 24 bits of a multicast MAC address transporting an IPv4 packet?
 01-5E-00
 FF-FF-FF
 FF-00-5E
 01-00-5E

What will a host on an Ethernet network do if it receives a frame with a unicast destination MAC address that does
not match its own MAC address?
 It will discard the frame.
 It will forward the frame to the next host.
 It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.
 It will remove the frame from the media.
Which network device makes forwarding decisions based on the destination MAC address that is contained in the
frame?
 repeater
 router
 hub
 switch

Which network device has the primary function to send data to a specific destination based on the information found
in the MAC address table?
 switch
 hub
 modem
 router

Which function or operation is performed by the LLC sublayer?

 It performs data encapsulation.
 It adds a header and trailer to a packet to form an OSI Layer 2 PDU.
 It is responsible for media access control.
 It communicates with upper protocol layers.

What happens to runt frames received by a Cisco Ethernet switch?

 The frame is broadcast to all other devices on the same network.
 The frame is returned to the originating network device.
 The frame is dropped.
 The frame is sent to the default gateway.

What addressing information is recorded by a switch to build its MAC address table?
 the source Layer 3 address of outgoing packets
 the destination Layer 3 address of incoming packets
 the source Layer 2 address of incoming frames
 the destination Layer 2 address of outgoing frames

What is auto-MDIX?
 a type of Cisco switch
 a feature to automatically determine speed and duplex
 an Ethernet connector type
 a feature that detects Ethernet cable type

What type of address is 01-00-5E-0A-00-02?

 an address that reaches a specific group of hosts
 an address that reaches every host inside a local subnet
 an address that reaches one specific host
 an address that reaches every host in the network

Which statement is true about MAC addresses?

 The ISO is responsible for MAC addresses regulations.
 A NIC only needs a MAC address if connected to a WAN.
 MAC addresses are implemented by software.
 The first three bytes are used by the vendor assigned OUI.

What are the two sizes (minimum and expected maximum) of an Ethernet frame? (Choose two.)
 56 bytes
 128 bytes
  1024 bytes
 1518 bytes
 64 bytes

Which two functions or operations are performed by the MAC sublayer? (Choose two.)
It adds a header and trailer to form an OSI Layer 2 PDU.

 It handles communication between upper and lower layers.

 It performs the function of NIC driver software.
 It is responsible for Media Access Control.
 It adds control information to network protocol layer data.

Which command can be used on a Windows host to display the routing table?
 show ip route
 netstat –s
 netstat –r
 tracert

What information is added during encapsulation at OSI Layer 3?

 source and destination IP address
 source and destination application protocol
 source and destination port number
 source and destination MAC

How does the network layer use the MTU value?

 The network layer depends on the data link layer to set the MTU, and adjusts the speed of transmission to
accommodate it.
 The network layer depends on the higher level layers to determine the MTU.
 The MTU is passed to the network layer by the data link layer.
 To increase speed of delivery, the network layer ignores the MTU.

Which characteristic describes an IPv6 enhancement over IPv4?

 The IPv6 address space is four times bigger than the IPv4 address space.
 IPv6 addresses are based on 128-bit flat addressing as opposed to IPv4 which is based on 32-bit
hierarchical addressing.
 The IPv6 header is simpler than the IPv4 header is, which improves packet handling.
 Both IPv4 and IPv6 support authentication, but only IPv6 supports privacy capabilities.

Which statement accurately describes a characteristic of IPv4?

 An IPv4 header has fewer fields than an IPv6 header has.
 IPv4 has a 32-bit address space.
 IPv4 natively supports IPsec.
 All IPv4 addresses are assignable to hosts.

When a router receives a packet, what information must be examined in order for the packet to be forwarded to a
remote destination?
 source MAC address
 destination MAC address
 destination IP address
 source IP address

A computer has to send a packet to a destination host in the same LAN. How will the packet be sent?
 The packet will be sent directly to the destination host.
  The packet will be sent to the default gateway first, and then, depending on the response from the gateway,
it may be sent to the destination host.
 The packet will first be sent to the default gateway, and then from the default gateway it will be sent
directly to the destination host.
 The packet will be sent only to the default gateway.

Which IPv4 address can a host use to ping the loopback interface?
 126.0.0.1
 127.0.0.0
 127.0.0.1
 126.0.0.0

When a connectionless protocol is in use at a lower layer of the OSI model, how is missing data detected and
retransmitted if necessary?
 Connectionless acknowledgements are used to request retransmission.
 Upper-layer connection-oriented protocols keep track of the data received and can request retransmission
from the upper-level protocols on the sending host.
 The best-effort delivery process guarantees that all packets that are sent are received.
 Network layer IP protocols manage the communication sessions if connection-oriented transport services
are not available.

What was the reason for the creation and implementation of IPv6?
 to relieve IPv4 address depletion
 to make reading a 32-bit address easier
 to allow NAT support for private addressing
 to provide more address space in the Internet Names Registry

Which information is used by routers to forward a data packet toward its destination?
 destination data-link address
 destination IP address
 source IP address
 source data-link address

Which field in an IPv4 packet header will typically stay the same during its transmission?
 Time-to-Live
 Packet Length
 Flag
 Destination Address

Which field in an IPv6 packet is used by the router to determine if a packet has expired and should be dropped?
 Address Unreachable
 No Route to Destination
 Hop Limit
 TTL