Moment Distribution Method: Prof - Kodali Srinivas

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KODALI SRINIVAS
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Moment Distribution
method
December 10, 2011
The Moment Distribution method is a structural
analysis method for statically
indeterminate beams and frames developed by Hardy Cross,
in 1930 .The moment distribution method falls into the
category of displacement method of structural analysis.
The method only accounts for flexural effects and ignores axial
and shear effects.
In the moment distribution method, every joint of the structure

to be analysed is fixed so as to develop the fixed-end
moments. Then each fixed joint is sequentially released and
the fixed-end moments (which by the time of release are not in
equilibrium) are distributed to adjacent members
until equilibrium is achieved.
The moment distribution method in mathematical terms can be
demonstrated as the process of solving a set of simultaneous
equations by means of iteration.
Distribution factors
When a joint is released and begins to rotate under the
unbalanced moment, resisting forces develop at each member
framed together at the joint. Although the total resistance is
equal to the unbalanced moment, the magnitudes of resisting
forces developed at each member differ by the members'
flexural stiffness. Distribution factors can be defined as the
proportions of the unbalanced moments carried by each of the
members.
In mathematical terms, distribution factor of member k framed
at joint j is given as:
where n is the number of members framed at
the joint.
The sum of all distribution factors at joint
will always equal to 'one'
Carryover factors
When a joint is released, balancing moment
occurs to counterbalance the unbalanced
moment which is initially the same as the

fixed-end moment. This balancing moment is
then carried over to the member's other end.
The ratio of the carried-over moment at the
other end to the fixed-end moment of the
initial end is the carryover factor. It is equal
to 0.5
Method of Analysis
 Calculate stiffness factors for each
member
 Calculate distribution factors at both
ends of each member
 Determine carryover factors at both
ends of each member
 Assume all joints are fixed and calculate
fixed-end moments for each member
 Balance pinned (to zero) and
cantilevered ends and distribute half the
moment to the opposite end.

 Distribute the unbalanced moments at
all other joints to each adjacent
member based on the distribution
factor.
 Carryover the distributed moments to
the opposite ends of the each
member using the carryover factors.
 Iterate steps 6 and 7 until moment
imbalance at each joint approaches
zero
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Moment Distribution Method: Prof - Kodali Srinivas

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PROF.

The Moment Distribution method is a structural

indeterminate beams and frames developed by Hardy Cross,

in 1930 .The moment distribution method falls into the

category of displacement method of structural analysis.

and shear effects.

In the moment distribution method, every joint of the structure

unbalanced moment, resisting forces develop at each member

framed together at the joint. Although the total resistance is

equal to the unbalanced moment, the magnitudes of resisting

forces developed at each member differ by the members'

flexural stiffness. Distribution factors can be defined as the

proportions of the unbalanced moments carried by each of the

In mathematical terms, distribution factor of member k framed

at joint j is given as:

where n is the number of members framed at

The sum of all distribution factors at joint

will always equal to 'one'

When a joint is released, balancing moment

occurs to counterbalance the unbalanced

moment which is initially the same as the

then carried over to the member's other end.

The ratio of the carried-over moment at the

other end to the fixed-end moment of the

initial end is the carryover factor. It is equal

 Calculate stiffness factors for each

 Calculate distribution factors at both

ends of each member

 Determine carryover factors at both

ends of each member

 Assume all joints are fixed and calculate

fixed-end moments for each member

 Balance pinned (to zero) and

cantilevered ends and distribute half the

moment to the opposite end.

all other joints to each adjacent

member based on the distribution

 Carryover the distributed moments to

the opposite ends of the each

member using the carryover factors.

 Iterate steps 6 and 7 until moment

imbalance at each joint approaches

S.A -II UNIT 2S.A.-II

PORTAL METHOD and

forces depends on its height to width ratio. The

deformation in low-rise structures, where the height is

smaller than its width, is characterized predominantly

by shear deformations. In high rise building, where

height is several times greater than its lateral

dimensions, is dominated by bending action. To

analyze the structures subjected to horizontal loading

we have two methods. Portal method and Cantilever

method 1. PORTAL METHOD The portal method is

an approximate analysis used for analysing building

frames subjected to lateral loads such as Wind loads/

seismic forces. Since shear deformations are

dominant in low rise structures, the method makes

simplifying assumptions regarding horizontal shear in

columns. Each bay of a structure is treated as a portal

frame, and horizontal force is distributed equally

among them. Assumptions in portal method 1. The

points of inflection are located at the mid-height of

each column above th

Analysis of multi-storey building frames involves lot

of complications and tedious calculations by using

conventional methods. To carry out exact analysis is a

time consuming task. Substitute frame method for

analysis of multistory frame can be handy in

approximate and quick analysis. This method has

been applied only for vertical loading conditions.

Substitute frame method Substitute frame method

assumes that the moments in the beams of any floor

are influenced by loading on that floor alone. The

influence of loading on the lower or upper floors is

of multi-storied structure into smaller frames. These

sub frames are known as Equivalent frames or