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    Malik Ghulam Muhammad 1951

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    Wahaj Shaikh
    The document summarizes the leadership and successes and failures of several leaders of Pakistan from 1951 to 1988. It discusses the leadership of Malik Ghulam Muhammad from 1951-1955 who oversaw economic planning but faced political instability. Major General Iskander Mirza led from 1955-1958 and achieved the 1956 constitution and modernization programs but faced rising nationalism in East Pakistan. Ayub Khan ruled from 1958-1969 and enacted reforms though failed to solve the Kashmir issue. Yahya Khan governed from 1969-1971 and oversaw fair elections but failed to prevent the war with India and separation of East Pakistan. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto led from 1972-1977 but faced unrest and banned opposition. Zia-

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    Malik Ghulam Muhammad 1951

    Uploaded by

    Wahaj Shaikh
    63 views2 pages
    The document summarizes the leadership and successes and failures of several leaders of Pakistan from 1951 to 1988. It discusses the leadership of Malik Ghulam Muhammad from 1951-1955 who oversaw economic planning but faced political instability. Major General Iskander Mirza led from 1955-1958 and achieved the 1956 constitution and modernization programs but faced rising nationalism in East Pakistan. Ayub Khan ruled from 1958-1969 and enacted reforms though failed to solve the Kashmir issue. Yahya Khan governed from 1969-1971 and oversaw fair elections but failed to prevent the war with India and separation of East Pakistan. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto led from 1972-1977 but faced unrest and banned opposition. Zia-

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    The document summarizes the leadership and successes and failures of several leaders of Pakistan from 1951 to 1988. It discusses the leadership of Malik Ghulam Muhammad from 1951-1955 who oversaw economic planning but faced political instability. Major General Iskander Mirza led from 1955-1958 and achieved the 1956 constitution and modernization programs but faced rising nationalism in East Pakistan. Ayub Khan ruled from 1958-1969 and enacted reforms though failed to solve the Kashmir issue. Yahya Khan governed from 1969-1971 and oversaw fair elections but failed to prevent the war with India and separation of East Pakistan. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto led from 1972-1977 but faced unrest and banned opposition. Zia-

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    63 views2 pages

    Malik Ghulam Muhammad 1951

    Uploaded by

    Wahaj Shaikh
    The document summarizes the leadership and successes and failures of several leaders of Pakistan from 1951 to 1988. It discusses the leadership of Malik Ghulam Muhammad from 1951-1955 who oversaw economic planning but faced political instability. Major General Iskander Mirza led from 1955-1958 and achieved the 1956 constitution and modernization programs but faced rising nationalism in East Pakistan. Ayub Khan ruled from 1958-1969 and enacted reforms though failed to solve the Kashmir issue. Yahya Khan governed from 1969-1971 and oversaw fair elections but failed to prevent the war with India and separation of East Pakistan. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto led from 1972-1977 but faced unrest and banned opposition. Zia-

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Malik Ghulam Muhammad 1951-55

    Successes
     Economic development
    1. 1951 – Planning Commission 5 years plan
    2. 1953 – Planning Board further 5 year plan
     Repealed PRODA
     Foreign aid – wheat, CENTO Failure
     Political instability – dissolved assembly
     Campaigns against Ahmedis – Forced to expel Zafarullah Khan (Foreign Minister)
     Improper handling of drought – led to riots
     Unable to make constitution

    Major General Iskander Mirza 1955-58


    Successes
     1956 Constitution
     Modernization
    1. Rural development program
    2. Industrialization
    3. Karachi airport established (1955)
    4. Telephone system expanded
    5. Provision in health, education services
     Establishment of Defence Pacts
    1. SEATO
    2. MDAA
     One Unit Scheme
    Failures
     Rise of Nationalism in East Pakistan – they realized that they needed to take solid steps to protect their
    rights
     Undemocratic Rule (Martial Law)
     Political instability – changed prime ministers too much Ayub Khan
    1958-69
    Successes
     1962 Constitution
     Positive reforms – land reforms, wealth increase
     Defended in 1965 war Failure
     1965 war – unable to solve Kashmir issue
     Negative reforms
     Presidential form of government
     Curtailing civil liberties

    Yahya Khan 1969-71


    Successes
     Abolished One Unit Scheme
     Abolished Basic Democratic System/elections
     LFO – Legal Framework Order – one man, one vote
     Seats distributed according to Pakistan
     Fair elections Failures
     1971 war with India
     Civil war – separation of East Pakistan (immediate causes) Unable to implement results of the elections
    Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto 1972-77
    Successes
     1973 Constitution
     Reforms (land, health, education, administrative)
     Controlled army
     Simla Agreement 1972 Failures
     FSF in 1975
     1973 – dissolved Balochistan Assembly
     1974 – press freedom and political opponents/parties banned
     Negative reforms (industrial and administration

    Zia-ul-Haq 1979-88
    Successes
     Reforms – economic, industrial
     Economic Development (Afghan Miracle)
     Banned FSF
     Improved relations with Balochistan
     Islamisation
     Foreign Policy Failures
     Negative effects of Afghan Miracle
     Hanging of Bhutto – made him unpopular
     Amendments of judiciary reforms – PCO (1980), CAA (1979)
     8th Amendment – took over complete power
     Political instability – removal of Junejo and dissolved assembly

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