13 Military Catalog
13 Military Catalog
13 Military Catalog
SEPTEMBER 2015
General Cable Military Shipboard Cable
General Cable’s engineered military qualified wire and cable has a long and
distinguished record of involvement in high-priority defense programs. Spanning all
branches of the Armed Forces, our cables continue to provide the “ultimate in
protection” for optical fiber signal and network communications cabling solutions.
As a long-term supplier to the military, General Cable has a strong tradition of dedicated
leadership in the integration of research, design, engineering and manufacturing of
generation after generation of MIL Spec cables.
With quality programs and certifications that include ISO 9001:2008, MIL-STD-790, MIL-
I-45208, MIL-STD-45662, ISO 17025 for calibration services, and second party lab
testing certification to IEC/ISO 17025 from UL and CSA, General Cable strives to
provide value through innovation and product quality.
From network communications and signal low-smoke, zero-halogen fiber optic cables
designed in accordance with M24643 to blown optical fiber systems qualified to M85045
and M49291, General Cable offers a wide selection of fiber optic solutions for military,
shipboard and specialty applications.
General Cable’s Blolite® blown optical fiber technology was first installed on the aircraft
carrier USS Harry Truman in 1997. Early proof of successful use of this technology and
its future-proof capabilities, for which it was designed, resulted in the formal development
and qualification of the technology for the U.S. Navy. Expanding requirements for the use
of optical fiber applications on U.S. Navy vessels has resulted in an increased use of
General Cable’s Blolite® high-performance technology that is the preferred solution which
offers the only real future-proof infrastructure solution.
Key developments in military shipboard fiber optic technology have been the digitization
of command, control and communication systems over a common infrastructure. This
convergence has enabled significant savings in space and weight as well as greatly
improved system functionality and damage tolerance. Blown optical fiber technology has
furthered these advances by adding opportunities for cost savings, easy upgradeability
and design flexibility.
General Cable’s Blolite® blown optical fiber solution has proven to be the SOLUTION for
the U.S. Navy fleet.
Still in a class by itself, General Cable continues to meet the highest performance
standards with a qualified Category 5e Naval Shipboard data communications cable.
ShipLAN® Category 5e cable and patch cords combines high-performing electrical
characteristics with low-toxicity, low-smoke, zero-halogen, and flame-retardant
properties necessary for shipboard environments.
General Cable’s ShipLAN® Category 5e cable and patch cords are constructed with a
proprietary thermoset jacket system that provides flexibility for ease of installation and
stripability for quicker preparation and termination time.
When it comes to providing your at-berth vessels with safe, reliable shore-based power
that maintains essential services and allows engines to be turned off to meet emission
reduction regulations, look no further than our Shore2Ship™ power cables.
Specifically designed and approved to U.S. Navy OPNAVINST 11310.3B, our
Shore2Ship power cable is engineered to withstand the severe environmental
conditions at naval ports and piers around the world, including exposure to sea water
and direct sunlight, continuous motion of the ship, and repeated flexing of a portable
power system.
Section 1: Shore-to-Ship
Section 2: M85045F & M49291C Military Shipboard Fiber Optic Cables and
Accessories
Section 5:
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
• Glossary
• Metric Conversion
• Temperature Conversion Table
Section 1: Shore-to-Ship
Filler
Outer Jacket
Conductor
Reinforcement
Separator
Inner Jacket
Conductor
Insulation
Filler
Outer Jacket
Conductor
Reinforcement
Separator
Inner Jacket
Conductor
Insulation
Section 2: M85045F & M49291C Military Shipboard Fiber Optic Cables and
Accessories
MANUFACTURER'S
GOVERNMENT DESIGNATION OR TEST OR QUALIFICATION SPECIFICATION SUPPLIER'S NAME
DESIGNATION TYPE NUMBER REFERENCE SHEET (ADDRESS ON LAST PAGE)
Plant Locations:
1. Same address as manufacturer
2. General Cable Industries, Inc. (Franklin, MA), CAGE Code: 4AJA4, 20 Forge Park, Franklin, MA 02038-3134
General Cable has supplied military specification wire and cable for 40 years and has a
distinguished list of participation in important programs.
M85045/16-01 OC-1468 .078 (2.0) Thermoplastic 1 Multimode 1.2 (3.0) .62 (1.6) 60 (270) 22 (100) 3 4.5
M85045/16-02 OC-1571 .078 (2.0) Thermoplastic 1 Singlemode 1.2 (3.0) .62 (1.6) 60 (270) 22 (100) 3 4.5
M85045/17-01P OC-1434P .440 (11.2) Thermoset 8 Multimode 7.0 (18) 3.5 (9.0) 605 (2700) 125 (560) 82 122
M85045/17-02P OC-1462P .440 (11.2) Thermoset 8 Singlemode 7.0 (18) 3.5 (9.0) 605 (2700) 125 (650) 82 122
M85045/18-01P OC-1417P .320 (8.1) Thermoset 4 Multimode 5.0 (12.7) 2.5 (6.4) 420 (1875) 92 (410) 42 62
M85045/18-02P OC-1578P .320 (8.1) Thermoset 4 Singlemode 5.0 (12.7) 2.5 (6.4) 420 (1875) 92 (410) 42 62
M85045/20-01M OC-1540 .850 (21.6) Thermoset 36 Multimode 13.6 (34.5) 6.8 (17.3) 740 (3300) 245 (1080) 294 437
M85045/20-02M OC-1673 .850 (21.6) Thermoset 36 Singlemode 13.6 (34.5) 6.8 (17.3) 740 (3300) 245 (1080) 294 437
M85045/21-01 OC-1651 .560 (14.2) Thermoset 8 Multimode 9.0 (23.0) 4.5 (11.4) 605 (2700) 160 (710) 146 217
M85045/21-02 OC-1679 .560 (14.2) Thermoset 8 Singlemode 9.0 (23.0) 4.5 (11.4) 605 (2700) 160 (710) 146 217
M85045/22-01 OC-1680 .570 (14.5) Thermoplastic 18 Multimode 9.0 (23.0) 4.5 (11.4) 740 (3300) 165 (725) 132 195
M85045/22-02 OC-1652 .570 (14.5) Thermoplastic 18 Singlemode 9.0 (23.0) 4.5 (11.4) 740 (3300) 165 (725) 132 195
M85045/23-01 OC-1681 .700 (17.8) Thermoset 18 Multimode 11.2 (28.5) 5.6 (14.0) 740 (3300) 200 (890) 217 323
M85045/23-02 OC-1653 .700 (17.8) Thermoset 18 Singlemode 11.2 (28.5) 5.6 (14.0) 740 (3300) 200 (890) 217 323
M85045/24-01 OC-1682 1.53 (38.9) Thermoset 90 Multimode 24.6 (62.5) 12.3 (31.2) N/A N/A 900 1340
M85045/24-02 OC-1654 1.53 (38.9) Thermoset 90 Singlemode 24.6 (62.5) 12.3 (31.2) N/A N/A 900 1340
Cables are listed on Qualified Products List MIL-PRF-85045 (QPL) Defense Supply Center, Columbus-United States Department of Defense
General Cable was the first fiber manufacturer to become a Qualified Products Listed
(QPL) supplier of a militarized version of blown optical fiber technology in September of
2001. Today, we continue to remain the only qualified supplier of blown optical fiber fully
engineered and tested to all the stringent requirements of M85045F and M49291C.
General Cable’s Blolite blown optical fiber technology was first installed on the aircraft carrier
USS Harry Truman in 1997. Early proof of successful use of this technology and its future-proof
capabilities, for which it was designed, resulted in the formal development and qualification of
the technology for the U.S. Navy. Key developments in military shipboard fiber optic technology
have been the digitization of command, control and communication systems over a common
infrastructure. This convergence has enabled significant savings in space and weight as well as
greatly improved system functionality and damage tolerance. Blown optical fiber technology has
furthered these advances by adding opportunities for cost savings, easy upgradeability and
design flexibility.
General Cable’s Blolite blown optical fiber solution has proven to be the SOLUTION for the U.S.
Navy fleet.
DC Resistance 9.38 Ω/100m (28.6 Ω/Mft.) Max. Easy interface with shielded RJ45 connectors
DCR Unbalanced 5% Max.
Mutual Capacitance 5.6 nf/100m
Capacitance Unbalance 330 pF/100m (1 pF/ft.) Max
Characteristic Impedance 100 Ω +/- 15% (1-100 MHz)
Input Impedance 100 Ω +/- 15% (1-100 MHz)
Prop. Delay (Skew) 45 ns/100m Max. Shielding system protects Extremely tough cross-linked jacket
Velocity of Propagation 69% Nom. signals from electromagnetic provides excellent fluid resistance
Temperature & Voltage Rating -20˚C to +75˚C/300 V Max. interference (EMI) and radio and mechanical and environmental
frequency interference (RFI) protection
ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE:
DC Resistance 14.0 Ω/100m (42.6 Ω/Mft.) Max. Easy interface with shielded RJ45 connectors
DCR Unbalanced 5% Max.
Mutual Capacitance 5.6 nf/100m
Capacitance Unbalance 330 pF/100m (1 pF/ft.) Max
Characteristic Impedance 100 Ω +/- 15% (1-100 MHz)
Input Impedance 100 Ω +/- 15% (1-100 MHz)
Prop. Delay (Skew) 45 ns/100m Max. Shielding system protects Extremely tough cross-linked jacket
Velocity of Propagation 69% Nom. signals from electromagnetic provides excellent fluid resistance
Temperature & Voltage Rating -20˚C to +75˚C/300 V Max. interference (EMI) and radio and mechanical and environmental
frequency interference (RFI) protection
ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE:
Amphenol RJ Field
Conductor RJ-45 Connector BTR IP20 RJ45
General Cable MIL-DTL-24643 MIL-DTL-24643 Spec Water- Ethenet Connection
Size and Insulation OD Shielding Outer Jacket Recommendation (Sentinel Field Plug
Part Number Specification Part Number blocked For Harsh
Stranding Connectors Part Number)(1) P/N 1401405012-1
Environment(3)
Section 4:
MIL-DTL-M24643C
Alphabetical Listing
MIL-DTL-24643C
ASTM Definitions
MIL-DTL-M24643C
Conductor Identification Methods
Method 1. Identification Method 1 shall be surface printing of both number and color designations. The
legend shall be printed in contrasting color: preferably white ink on black or dark background or black ink
on white or light background. The printing can be on the conductor insulation provided the jacket is
transparent or on the jacket if the jacket is not transparent. The legend shall be repeated at intervals not
exceeding 3 inches and alternate legends shall be inverted. The character type shall be block and shall
have a height in accordance with the diameter over which it is applied as follows:
Height of Character
Diameter Range (inch) Approximate (inch)
0.045 to 0.070 0.025
0.070 to 0.095 0.031
0.095 to 0.115 0.047
0.115 to 0.200 0.062
0.190 to 0.250 0.078
0.235 to 0.325 0.094
0.330 and larger 0.125
Method 2. Identification Method 2 shall be the use of translucent (opaque) polyester tapes which have
been printed with both the number and the color designation. The legend shall be printed with black ink
and shall be repeated at intervals not exceeding 3 inches and alternate legends shall be inverted. The
character type shall be block and shall be approximately 3/32 inch height.
Method 3. Identification Method 3 shall be the use of solid base colors or solid base colors with tracers as
required. The base color may be either the color or the insulation or the color of a coating applied to the
insulation. The tracers shall be approximately 1/32 inch wide ink stripes of the required color applied
helically with 1-1/2 + 1/4 inch lay. If two tracers are required, the second shall be half the width of the first.
Method 4. Identification Method 4 shall be the use of colored braids. Tracers shall consist of the required
colors applied by three adjacent carriers. Where two tracers are required, they shall be applied with
reverse lay.
Method 5. Identification Method 5 shall be the use of the printed letter on the outermost insulating tape or
the printed letter on a polyester binder tape over the insulating tapes. The letters shall be approximately
3/16 inch high and shall have been printed at intervals not exceeding 3 inches prior to the application of
the tape to the conductor. If the insulating tapes are white, no printing is required on the B (white)
conductor.
Method 6. Identification Method 6 shall consist of numerals printed in ink on the conductor insulation. For
conductors having a jacket directly over the insulation, the numerals may be printed in ink on the jacket, at
the manufacturer’s option. White ink shall be used for a red or black background; black ink shall be used
for a white background. Numerals shall be perpendicular or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the
conductor (see figure 1). Numeral width shall be proportional to conductor outside diameter (o.d.) as
shown in Method 1 (see 3.4.12.2.1).
Numeral width shall be 1/3 numeral height. Each numeric legend shall be underlined. Two digit legends
which are parallel to the longitudinal axis shall have the bottom numeral underlined. Legends shall be
alternately inverted and shall repeat at intervals not greater than 1½ inches.
MIL-DTL-24643C
Navy Standard Sizes
Maximum
Conductor No. of Std. Cond. Conductor Cross Conductor Wt. Per
Size Navy Stds. Dia. Dia. Sectional Area Resistance D.C. per 1000 ft –
Standard (Min.) Nom. Nom. (Circular Mils) 1000 ft at 25°° C lbs.
(Inch) (Inch) Nom. 1/ Min. Bare Coated Appr.
Concentric
Lay Stranded
30 (19) 19 0.040 0.202 30,860 30,240 0.358 0.365 95
400 (127) 127 0.057 0.742 413,600 405,400 0.0268 0.0273 1,300
Bunch Lay
Stranded
9 (90) 90 0.010 0.120 9,045 8,864 1.22 1.28 28
14 (140) 140 0.010 0.145 14,070 13,790 0.786 0.823 43
Rope Lay
Stranded
42 (209) 209 0.014 0.260 42,100 41,280 0.272 0.284 130
60 (304) 304 0.014 0.310 61,200 60,040 0.187 0.196 190
83 (418) 418 0.014 0.380 84,230 82,560 0.136 0.142 270
133 (684) 684 0.014 0.480 137,800 135,100 0.0830 0.0867 440
150 (760) 760 0.014 0.510 153,100 150,100 0.0747 0.0780 490
200 (988) 988 0.014 0.580 199,100 195,100 0.0575 0.0600 630
250 (1254) 1254 0.014 0.680 252,700 247,700 0.0453 0.0472 800
400 (2052) 2052 0.014 0.850 413,500 405,300 0.0277 0.0289 1,300
800 (4033) 4033 0.014 1.150 812,700 796,500 0.0141 0.0148 2,600
1/ Values are for information only.
MIL-DTL-M24643C
Standard Identification Code
MIL-DTL-M24643C
Standard Identification Code
MIL-DTL-M24643C
Standard Identification Code
MIL-DTL-M24643C
QPL Approval Listing
Section 5:
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
• Glossary
• Metric Conversion
• Temperature Conversion Table
Glossary
Abrasion Resistance: Ability of a American Wire Gauge (AWG): A Bandwidth: (1) The difference between
wire, cable or material to resist standard North American system for the upper and lower limits of a given
surface wear. designating wire diameter band of frequencies. Expressed in
Hertz. (2) A measure of the maximum
Accelerated Aging: A test in which Ampacity: See Current Carrying capacity. frequency range over which light
voltage, temperature, etc. are intensity exiting a waveguide one
increased above normal operating Ampere: The unit of current. One ampere kilometer in length can be varied
values to obtain observable is the current flowing through one ohm before the attenuation varies 3dB from
deterioration in a relatively short of resistance at one volt potential. the mean. The greater the bandwidth,
period of time. The plotted results the greater the information carrying
give expected service life under Analog: A data format using continuous capacity. Bandwidth is expressed in
normal conditions. physical variables such as voltage Megahertz (MHZ)=D0Kilometer
amplitude or frequency variations. (km).
ACM: Aluminum conductor material.
Anneal (Soften): Relief of mechanical Bending Radius: Radius of curvature that
Accelerator: A chemical additive that stress through heat and gradual a cable can be safely bent without any
hastens a chemical reaction under cooling. Annealing copper renders it adverse effects.
specific conditions. less brittle.
Binder: A spirally served tape used for
Admittance: The measure of the ease Armor: A protective metal covering holding assembled cable components
with which an alternating current commonly in the form of flexible in place awaiting subsequent
flows in a circuit. The reciprocal interlocking aluminum, bronze, or steel manufacturing operations.
of impedance. tape steel wires, or aluminum sheath.
Bonding Conductor: An insulated or
AEIC: Association of Edison ASTM: American Society for Testing and uninsulated conductor forming part of
Illuminating Companies Materials. the cable assembly which is used for
the purpose of connecting non-current
Aerial Cable: A cable suspended in Attenuation: The general term used to carrying parts of electrical equipment
the air on poles or another denote the decrease of power from one to a system grounding conductor.
overhead structure. point to another. In fiber optics, the
optical power loss per unit length is Braid: A fibrous or metallic group of
Aging: The change in properties of a expressed logarithmically in decibels filaments interwoven in cylindrical
material with time under specific per kilometer (dB/km) at a specific shape to form a covering over one or
conditions. wavelength. more wires.
AIA: Aluminum Interlocked Armor. Audio Frequency: The range of Braid Angle: The smaller of the two
frequencies audible to the human ear. angles formed by the shielding strand
Alloy: A metal formed by combining Usually 20-20,000 Hz. and the axis of the cable being
two or more different metals to shielded.
obtain desirable properties. AWM: Designation for appliance wiring
material. Braid Carrier: A spool or bobbin on a
Alternating Current: Electric current braider that holds one group of strands
that continually reverses its Balanced Circuit: One utilizing cables or filaments consisting of a specific
direction. It is expressed in cycles having two or more identical number of ends. The carrier revolves
per second (hertz or Hz). conductors with the same during braiding operations
electromagnetic characteristics in
Ambient Temperature: The relation to each other and to ground. Braid Ends: The number of strands used
temperature of the medium to make up one carrier. The strands
surrounding an object. Generally a Band Marking: A continuous are wound side-by-side on the carrier
lower temperature than the circumferential band applied to a bobbin and lie parallel in the finished
temperature at which the cable is conductor at regular intervals for braid.
operating. identification.
Glossary
Breakdown Voltage: The voltage at CE Code, CEC: Canadian Electrical Code Compound: An insulating or jacketing
which the insulation between two material made by mixing two or more
conductors breaks down. Certified Test Report (CTR): A report polymeric ingredients.
providing actual test data on a cable.
B & S Gauge: The same as American Tests are normally conducted by the Concentric Stranded Conductors:
Wire Gauge (AWG). Quality Control Department to confirm Manufactured to ASTM, ICEA, and
that the product being shipped conforms CSA standards. The most common
Buffer: A protective coating over an to specifications fixed installation type conductors are:
optical fiber. 1) Round no diameter reduction: 2)
Characteristic Impedance: The impedance Compressed approximately 3%
Building Wire: A general term used that, when connected to the output diameter reduction; 3) Compact
for light and power wiring products, terminals of a transmission line of any approximately 10% diameter
1000 volts or less. length, makes the line appear infinitely reduction.
long. The ratio of voltage to current at
Bunch Stranding: A group of wires of every point along a transmission line on Concentric Stranding: A central wire
the same diameter twisted together which there are no standing waves. surrounded by one or more layers of
without a predetermined pattern. helically wound strands in a fixed
Used in flexible cords and cables. Circular Mil (cmil): The area of a circle round geometric arrangement.
one mil (.001=D3) in diameter (7.854 x
Buried Cable: A cable installed 10-7 sq in). Used in expressing wire Concentricity: The measurement of the
directly in the earth without use of cross-sectional area. location of the center of the conductor
underground conduit. Also called with respect to the geometric center of
direct burial cable. Circuit Sizes: A popular term for building the surrounding insulation.
wire sizes 14 through 10 AWG.
Butyl Rubber: A synthetic rubber with Conductivity: The capacity of a material
good insulating properties (i.e. low Cladding: (1) A method of applying a layer to carry electrical current usually
voltage cords). of metal over another metal whereby expressed as a percentage of copper
the junction of the two metals is conductivity (copper being 100%).
Cable: An insulated conductor, or continuously welded. (2) A low
group of individually insulated refractive index material that surrounds Conductor: An uninsulated wire suitable
conductors in one assembly. the core of an optical fiber causing the for carrying electrical current.
transmitted light to travel down the core
Cabling: The twisting together of two and protects against surface Conductor Shield: An extrusion of black
or more insulated conductors to contaminant scattering. semi-conducting thermoset material
form a cable. over the conductor to provide a
Coaxial Cable: A cable consisting of two smooth interface with the insulation
Capacitance: The ratio of the cylindrical conductors with a common for even distribution of electrical
electrostatic charge on a conductor axis, separated by a dielectric. stress.
to the potential difference between
the conductors required to maintain Cold Flow: Permanent deformation of the Conduit (Electrical Raceway): A tube or
that charge. Units expressed in insulation or jacket due to mechanical pipe in which insulated wires and
Farads. force or pressure, (not due to heat cables are run
softening).
Capacitive Coupling: Electrical Connector: A device used to physically
interaction between two conductors Color Code: A system for circuit and electrically connect two or more
caused by the capacitance between identification through use of solid conductors. Also used to physically
them. colors and contrasting tracers. connect cable to equipment.
Capacitive Reactance (Xc): The Composite Cable: One containing more Continuity Check: A test to determine
opposition to alternating current due than one type or gauge size of whether electrical current flows
to the capacitance of the cable or conductors (e.g. power and control continuously throughout the length of
circuit. Measured in ohms. conductors in one assembly). a single wire or individual wires in a
cable.
Glossary
Continuous Vulcanization: Creep: The dimensional change with time Dielectric Constant (K): The ratio of the
Simultaneous extrusion and of a material under a mechanical load. capacitance of a condenser with
vulcanization of rubber-like dielectric between the electrodes to the
(thermoset) coating materials. OftenCross-linked: Inter-molecular bonds capacitance when air is between the
referred to as CV. between long chain thermoplastic electrodes. Also called Permittivity and
polymers by chemical or electron Specific Inductive Capacity (SIC).
Control Cable: A multi-conductor cable bombardment means. The properties
made for operation in control of of the resulting thermosetting material Dielectric Strength: The voltage which an
signal circuits. are usually improved (e.g XLPE). insulation can withstand before
breakdown occurs. Usually expressed as
Copolymer: A compound resulting from Crosstalk: Signal interference between a voltage gradient (such as volts per
the polymerization of two different nearby conductors caused by pickup mil).
monomers. of stray energy.
Dielectric Test: A test in which a voltage
Copperweld: The trade name of Flexo CSA: Canadian Standards Association higher than the rated voltage is applied
Wire Division (Copperweld Steel for a specified time to determine the
Corp.) for its copper-clad steel Current Carrying Capacity (Ampacity): adequacy of the insulation under normal
conductors. The maximum current an insulated conditions. Sometimes called a D2Hi-
conductor can safely carry without Pot test (high potential).
Cord: A small, flexible, insulated wire exceeding its insulation and jacket
or cable. temperature limitations. Digital: A data format that uses discrete or
separate physical levels to contain
Core: In cables, a component or Cut-Through Resistance: The ability of a information.
assembly of components over which material to withstand cutting from a
additional components (shield, sharp edge or small radius under Direct Burial Cable: A cable installed
sheath, etc.) are applied. pressure. directly in the earth.
Corona: A discharge due to ionization Decibel (dB): A unit to express Direct Current: An electric current that
of air around a conductor due to a differences of power level. Used to flows in only one direction.
potential gradient exceeding a express power gain in amplifiers or
certain critical value. power loss in passive circuits or Direction of Lay: The lateral direction in
cables. The units in which the ratio of which the strands of a conductor run
Coverage: The percent of completeness two power levels, P1 and P2, are over the top of the cable conductor as
with which a metal serving covers expressed. The ratio in dB is given as they recede from an observer looking
the underlying surface. (P1/P2). along the axis of the conductor or cable.
Also applies to twisted cable.
CPE: Chlorinated polyethylene can be Delay Line: A cable made to provide very
used as either a thermoplastic or low velocity of propagation with long Dissipation Factor: The tangent of the loss
thermoset. It is a tough chemical and electrical delay for transmitted angle of the insulating material. (Also
oil-resistant material and makes an signals. referred to as loss tangent, tan d, and
excellent jacket for industrial approximate power factor.)
control cable. As a thermoset, it can Derating Factor: A factor used to reduce
be used as an oil-resistant cord the current carrying capacity of a wire Drain Wire: The uninsulated wire in
jacket. Typical temperature ratings when used in environments other than contact with an electrostatic shield
range from -35°C to 90°C. Other that for which the value was throughout its length, in an
outstanding properties include low established. instrumentation or control cable used to
water absorption and super crush discharge unwanted signals. Also
resistance which are important Dielectric: Any insulating material provides a means of terminating
attributes in industrial control between two conductors that permits laminated shields. Sometimes used to
applications. electrostatic attraction and repulsion describe the metallic shielding wires of
to take place across it. a power cable insulation shield.
Glossary
Drawing: In wire manufacturing, Equal Load Sharing: An even distribution Flex Life: The measurement of the
pulling the metal through a die or of current between the parallel cables in ability of a conductor or cable to
series of dies to reduce diameter to a power circuit. withstand repeated bending before
a specified size. breaking.
Equilay: See Unilay: More than one layer of
Earth: British terminology for zero- helically laid wires with the length of Flexibility: The ease with which a
reference ground. the lay the same for each layer. cable may be bent without
sustaining damage.
Eccentricity: Like concentricity, a Farad: A unit of electrical capacity.
measure of the center of a FT1: One of several CSA flame test
conductor's location with respect to Fatigue Resistance: Resistance to metal designations for wires and cables
the circular cross section of the crystallization which leads to conductors which pass the C22.2 No. 0.3 test
insulation. Expressed as a or wires breaking from flexing. requirements. (Other designations
percentage of displacement of one include FT2, FT4, etc.).
circle within the other. Ferrous: Composed of and/or containing iron.
A ferrous metal exhibits magnetic Fusion Splice: A splice accomplished
EEMAC: Electrical and Electronic characteristics (e.g. steel armor). by the application of localized heat
Manufacturers Association of sufficient to fuse or melt the ends
Canada (U.S. counterpart is FEP: Fluorinated ethylene propylene of two lengths of optical fiber,
NEMA). insulated wire (see Teflon). forming a continuous single fiber.
Elastomer: A rubber-like substance. Fiber: A single, separate optical transmission Gauge: A term used to denote the
Any material that will return to its element characterized by core and physical size of a wire.
original dimensions after being cladding.
stretched or distorted. GND: Abbreviation for ground.
Fiber Optics: Light transmission through
Electrostatic Shield: A copper or optical fibers communication and Graded-Index: A type of optical fiber
laminated aluminum/mylar tape signaling. in which the refractive index of
wrap around a signal or the core is in the form of a
instrumentation circuit (pair, triad, Filled Cable: Cable construction in which the parabolic curve, decreasing toward
etc.) to protect from the electric field cable core is filled with a material that the cladding. This type of fiber
radiated by a voltage source. The will prevent moisture or gasses from provides high bandwidth
grounded shield intercepts static entering or passing through the cable. capabilities.
interference and carries it off to
ground. Filler: 1) A material used in multi-conductor Ground (GND): 1) A conducting
cables to occupy large interstices formed connection between an electrical
Elongation: The fractional increase in by the assembled conductors; 2) An inert circuit and the earth, or other large
length of material stressed in substance added to a compound to conducting body, to serve as an
tension. improve properties. earth thus making a complete
electrical circuit; 2) Term used for
EMI: Abbreviation for electromagnetic Flat Cable: A cable with two essentially flat non-current carrying conductor in
interference. surfaces (e.g. NMD90). a cable (see Bonding Conductor).
EMRC: Energy Mines and Resources Flat Conductor: A wire having a rectangular Halogen: A term used to identify any
Canada cross section as opposed to round or of the four elements chlorine,
square conductors. fluorine, bromine and iodine,
EPDM: Ethylene-propylene-diene grouped together because their
monomer rubber. A material with Flame Resistance: The ability of a material chemical properties are similar.
good electrical insulating properties. not to propagate flame once the heat
source is removed (see FT1). Hard Drawn Copper Wire: Copper
EPR: Ethylene-propylene copolymer wire that has not been annealed
rubber. A material with good Flammability: The measure of the materials after drawing.
electrical insulating properties. ability to support combustion.
Glossary
Heat Shock: A test to determine stability of Inductance: The property of a circuit or Jacket: An outer covering, usually
a material by sudden exposure to a high circuit element that opposes a change in non-metallic, mainly used for
temperature for a short period of time. current flow, thus causing current protection against the
changes to lag behind voltage changes. It environment.
Henry: The unit of inductance. is measured in henrys.
kcmil: One thousand circular mils
Hertz (Hz): A term replacing cycles-per- Insulation: A material having good dielectric (MCM).
second as an indication of frequency. properties permitting close assembly of
conductors in cable and equipment. KILO: A prefix denoting 1000 (103).
Hi-Pot (High Potential): A test designated
to determine the highest voltage that Insulation Level: A designation used to kV: Kilovolt (1000 volts).
can be applied to a conductor without identify the insulation thickness required
breaking down the insulation (see to protect a high voltage cable under Laminated Tape: A tape consisting of
Dielectric Test). ground fault conditions. Expressed as a two or more layers of different
percentage (e.g. 100% level, 133% level). materials bonded together (e.g.
High Voltage (HV): Generally, a wire or aluminum/Mylar).Lay: The length
cable with an operating voltage of over Insulation Shield (HV Cable): A two part measured along the axis of a wire
600 volts. shield consisting of a non-metallic or cable required for a single
component and a metallic component. strand (in stranded wire) or
Hook-Up Wire: A wire used for low The first component is an extrusion of conductor (in cable) to make one
current, low voltage (under 1000 volts) black semi-conducting thermoset material complete turn about the axis of the
applications within enclosed electronic over the insulation which provides conductor or cable.
equipment. uniform radial stress distribution across
the insulation. The second component is a Lay Direction: The twist in the cable
Hygroscopic: A material capable of metallic shield which is typically copper as indicated by the top strands
absorbing moisture from the air. tape or wire that functions as a bonding while looking along the axis of the
(grounding) conductor and/or a neutral cable away from the observer.
Hypalon: Dupont's trade name for their conductor. The metallic shield also serves Described as right hand or left
chlorosulfonated polyethylene, an to conduct ground fault current in the hand.
ozone resistant synthetic rubber. event of insulation failure. See also drain
wire. Leakage Current: The undesirable
ICEA (formerly IPCEA): Insulated Cable flow of current through or over the
Engineers Association. Insulation Stress: High voltage stress which surface of an insulation.
causes molecular separation in the
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics insulation at sharp projections in the Line Drop (Voltage Drop): A voltage
Engineers. conductor. Controlled by conductor and loss occurring between any two
insulation shielding, called a stress relief points in a power circuit. Such
Impact Strength: A test for determining the shield. Measured in volts per mil. loss, or drop, is due to the
mechanical punishment a cable can resistance, reactance, or leakage of
withstand without physical or electrical Interaxial Spacing: Center to center the circuit, type of cable and
breakdown by impacting with a given conductor spacing. configuration.
weight, dropped a given distance, in a
controlled environment. Interstices: Voids or valleys between Line Voltage: The value of the
individual strands in a conductor or potential existing on a supply or
Impedance: The total opposition that a between insulated conductors in a multi- power line. Rated voltage of
circuit offers to the flow of alternating conductor cable, (intersticial spaces). cables.
current or any other varying current at a
particula frequency. It is a combination Irradiation: In insulations, the exposure of LOCA: Abbreviation for loss of
of resistance R and reactance X, the material to high energy emissions for coolant accident, a system
measured in ohms. the purpose of favorably altering the malfunction associated with
molecular structure by crosslinking. nuclear generating stations.
Glossary
Loss Factor: The product of the Milli: A prefix denoting one-thousandth Nylon: An abrasion-resistant
dissipation and dielectric constant (10-3). thermoplastic with good chemical
of an insulating material. resistance. A DuPont registered
Modulus of Elasticity: The ratio of stress to trademark.
Longitudinal Shield: A tape shield, strain in an elastic material.
flat or corrugated, applied OHM: The electrical unit of resistance.
longitudinally with the axis of the Moisture Absorption: The amount of
core being shielded. moisture, in percentage, that a material OSHA: Abbreviation for the U.S.
will absorb under specified conditions. Occupational Safety and Health Act.
Microampere: One-millionth of an
ampere (10-6). Moisture Resistance: The ability of a Overlap: The amount the trailing edge
material to resist absorbing moisture laps over the leading edge of a spiral
Milliampere: One-thousandth of an from the air or when immersed in water. tape wrap.
ampere (10-3).
Multi-Conductor Cable: A cable Oxygen Index: Percentage of oxygen
Magnetic Noise: Caused by current consisting of two or more conductors, necessary to support combustion in a
frequency. An AC powerline either cabled or laid in a flat parallel gas mixture. Flame retardant
creates a magnetic field around construction, with or without a common materials have a higher oxygen
that cable, this magnetic field overall covering. index.
causes the magnetic noise in
neighboring control or Mutual Capacitance: Capacitance between Pair: Two insulated wires of a single
instrumentation circuits. two conductors when all other circuit twisted together or laid
conductors including ground are parallel.
MCM: One thousand circular mils connected together.
(kcmil). Parallel Cable: Two or more cables
Mylar: DuPont trade name for a polyester used to share the current in heavily
Meg or Mega: A prefix denoting material. loaded power circuits which permits
1,000,000. the use of smaller conductors.
Nano: A numerical prefix denoting one-
Megarad: A unit for measuring billionth (10-9). Percentage Conductivity: Conductivity
radiation dosage. of a material expressed as a
National Electrical Code (NEC): A U.S. percentage of that of copper. Also
Messenger: The linear supporting consensus standard published by the used to indicate ratio of conductance
member, usually a high strength National Fire Protection Association between the phase conductor and the
steel wire, used as the supporting (NFPA) and incorporated in OSHA neutral in power cables.
element of a suspended aerial regulations. (Canadian Counterpart is the
cable. The messenger may be an CE Code). Pick: Distance between two adjacent
integral part of the cable, or crossover points of braid filaments.
exterior to it. NEMA: National Electrical Manufacturers The measurement in picks per inch
Association. (Canadian counterpart is indicates the degree of coverage.
Mho: The unit of conductivity. The EEMAC).
reciprocal of an ohm. PICO: A prefix denoting one-millionth
Neoprene: A synthetic rubber with good of one-millionth (10-12).
Micro: A prefix denoting one- resistance to oil, chemicals and flame.
millionth. Also called polychloroprene. Pitch: In flat cable, the nominal distance
between the index edges of two
Micron: (m) Millionth of a meter. Nomex: Dupont trademark for a temperature adjacent conductors.
resistant, flame-retardant nylon.
Mil: A unit of length equal to one- Pitch Diameter: Diameter of a circle
thousandth of an inch (.001). Non Hygroscopic: A material incapable of passing through the center of the
Common unit for insulation taking up or absorbing moisture from the conductors in any layer of a multi-
thickness. air. conductor cable.
Glossary
Plastic Deformation: Change in Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A general Rope Lay Conductor: A conductor
dimensions under load that is not purpose thermoplastic used for low composed of a central core
recovered when the load is removed. voltage wire and cable insulation, and surrounded by one or more layers
for jackets. of helically laid groups of wires
Plasticizer: A chemical agent added to used in portable cables.
plastics to make them softer and more Power Factor: The ratio of resistance to
pliable. impedance. The ratio of the actual Rubber: A general term used to
power of an alternating current to describe wire insulation and
Plenum Cable: Cable approved for apparent power. Mathematically, the jackets made of thermosetting
installation in plenums, (e.g. cosine of the angle between the voltage elastomers, such as natural or
suspended ceiling) without the need applied and the current resulting. synthetic rubbers, EPR, neoprene,
for conduit. Hypalon, butyl rubber and others.
Primary Insulation: The first layer of non-
Polyester: Polyethylene terephthalate conductive material applied over a SBR: A copolymer of styrene and
which is used extensively in the conductor, whose prime function is to butadiene. Also GR-S or Buna-S.
production of a high strength moisture act as electrical insulation. Most commonly used type of
resistant film used as a cable core synthetic rubber.
wrap (see Mylar). Pulling Eye: A device fastened to a cable to
which a hook may be attached in order Self Extinguishing: The characteristic
Polyethylene (PE): A thermoplastic to pull the cable. of a material whose flame is
material having excellent electrical extinguished after the igniting
and physical properties. Quad: Four insulated wires of a single flame is removed.
circuit.
Polymer: A material of high molecular Semi-Conductor: In wire industry
weight formed by the chemical union REA: Rural Electrification Administration. terminology, a material possessing
of monomers. A branch of the U.S. Department of electrical conductivity that falls
Agriculture. somewhere between that of
Polyolefin: A family of thermoplastics conductors and insulators. Usually
based upon the unsaturated Reactance: The opposition offered to the made by adding carbon particles to
hydrocarbons know as olefins. When flow of alternating current by an insulator (e.g. conductor shield
combined with butylene or styrene inductance or capacitance of a and insulation shield). Not the
polymers they form compounds such component or circuit. same as semi-conductor materials
as polyethylene and polypropylene. such as silicon, germanium, etc
Reel Drum Diameter: Diameter of the used for making transistors and
Polypropylene (PPE): A thermoplastic drum (or hub) of the reel. diodes.
similar to polyethylene but stiffer and
having a higher softening point Reel Flange Diameter (Reel Height): Separator: Pertaining to wire and
(temperature). Diameter of the reel flanges. cable, a layer of insulating
material such as textile paper,
Polyurethane/PUR: This thermoplastic Reel Traverse: Width of space between reel Mylar, etc. which is placed
material is used primarily as a cable flanges. between a conductor and its
jacket material. It has excellent dielectric, between a cable jacket
oxidation, oil, and ozone resistance. Reel Width: Overall width of reel. and the components it covers, or
Some formulations also have good between various components of a
flame resistance. It is a hard material Ridge Marker: One or more ridges running multi-conductor cable. It can be
with excellent abrasion resistance. It laterally along the outer surface of a utilized to improve stripping
has outstanding memory properties, insulated wire or cable for purposes of qualities, flexibility, or can offer
making it an ideal jacket material for identification. additional mechanical or electrical
retractile cords. protection to the components it
Root Mean Square (RMS): The effective separates.
value of an alternating current or
voltage.
Glossary
Served Wire Armor (SWA): Spiral Skin Effect: The tendency of alternating TFE: Tetrafluoroethylene. A
wrap of galvanized steel wires current to concentrate and to travel thermoplastic material with good
applied around a cable to afford only on the surface of a conductor. electrical insulating properties
mechanical protection and increase Tendency increases with increase in and chemical and heat
the cable pulling tension frequency. resistance.
characteristics, (mineshaft,
submarine cable, etc.). Also used to Sleeving: An extruded tube. Thermoplastic: A material that can
denote steel wire armor. be softened repeatedly by
Spark Test: A test designed to locate heating and hardened by cooling
Sheath: The outer covering or jacket of imperfections (usually pin-holes) in through a temperature range
a multi-conductor cable. Usually the insulation of a wire or cable by characteristic of the
non-metallic. application of voltage for a very short plastic, and that in the softened
period of time while the wire is being state can be shaped by molding
Shield (Electrostatic): In cables, a drawn through the electrode field. or extrusion.
metallic layer placed around a
conductor or group of conductors to Specific Gravity: The ratio of the density Thermoset: A material that has been
prevent electrostatic interference (mass per unit volume) of a material vulcanized by heat or other
between the enclosed wires and to that of water. means and is substantially
external fields. Also see Insulation infusible and insoluble.
Shield. Specific Inductive Capacity (SIC): Same
as dielectric constant (See Dielectric Three Conductor Cable: Three
Shrink Tubing: Tubing which has been Constant). insulated conductors assembled
extruded, crosslinked, and with other necessary cable
mechanically expanded which when Tank Test: A voltage insulation test in components (shield, filler, etc.)
reheated will return to its original which the insulated wire or cable is to form a core, protected by an
diameter. submerged in water and voltage is overall jacket.
applied between the conductor and
SIA: Steel Interlocked Armor. water serving as ground. Shielded Tinned Copper: Tin coating added
cables are generally not tank tested to copper to aid in soldering and
Side Wall Bearing Pressure (SWBP): due to the possibility of introducing inhibit corrosion.
A term used in reference to the contaminants on the outer surface of
pressure on a cable which is being the insulation. Tray: A cable tray system is a unit or
pulled around a curved surface assembly of units or sections,
under tension. If excessive, SWBP Teflon: DuPont Company trademark for and associated fittings, made of
can damage cable components and fluorocarbon resins. (See FEP and non-combustible materials
reduce the life of the cable. TFE.) forming a rigid structural system
used to support cables. Cable
Signal Cable: A cable designed to carry Temperature Rating: The maximum tray systems (previously termed
current of usually less than one temperature at which an insulating continuous rigid cable supports)
ampere per conductor to operate material may be used in continuous include ladders troughs,
signal circuit devices. operation without loss of its basic channels, solid bottom trays, and
properties (i.e. operating, overload, similar structures.
Silicone: A material made from silicone short circuit). The minimum
and oxygen.Can be in thermosetting temperature for safe handling. Tray Cable: A factory assembled
elastomer or liquid form. The multi-conductor or multi- pair
thermosetting elastomer form is Tensile Strength: The pull stress required control, signal or power cable
noted for high heat resistance. to break a given specimen Measured specifically approved under the
in pounds per square inch. Also Canadian Electrical Code for
referred to as Ultimate Tensile installation in trays.
Strength.
Glossary
Triad: Three insulated wires of a
single circuit forming a unit. (Two
or more units are cabled to form a
multi-triad cable.)
Metric Conversion
Insulation Resistance:
Megohms--Kilofeet Megohms—Kilometer 0.3048
Megohms—Kilometer Megohms—Kilofeet 3.2808
Pounds/Square Inch Kilo Pascal* 6.895
Mechanical Kilo Pascal* Pounds/Square Inch 0.1432
Pounds (force) Newtons 4.448
Newtons Pounds (force) 0.2248
* 1 Pascal = 1 newton/m2
General Cable, a leading wire and cable innovator for over 170 years, serves customers
through a global network of manufacturing facilities in our core markets and has worldwide
sales representation and distribution. The Company is dedicated to the production of
high-quality aluminum, copper and fiber optic wire and cable and systems solutions for
the energy, construction, industrial, specialty and communications sectors. In addition
to our strong brand recognition and strengths in technology and manufacturing, General
Cable is also competitive in such areas as distribution and logistics, marketing, sales and
customer service. This combination enables General Cable to better serve its customers
as they expand into new geographic markets.
General Cable
4 Tesseneer Drive
Highland Heights, Kentucky 41076-9753
Telephone: +1 866.248.7060
+1 859.572.8000
Email: [email protected]
www.generalcable.com