Earth and Life Science Modules
Earth and Life Science Modules
Earth and Life Science Modules
Week 2
Learning Essential Topics
Learning Outcomes:
1. State the different hypotheses explaining the origin of the solar system
2. Cite the profile the other members of the solar system
3. Illustrate the parts of the sun and the phases of the moon
4. Discuss the cycle of the stars
5. Explain the current information on the solar system
__________a. Saturn
__________b. Earth
__________c. Mercury
__________d. Neptune
__________e. Mars
__________f. Venus
__________g. Jupiter
__________h. Uranus
B. Rearrange the Planets based on their sizes from biggest to smallest. Write the numbers from 1-8.
__________a. Earth
__________b. Mercury
__________c. Jupiter
__________d. Neptune
__________e. Venus
__________f. Uranus
__________g. Mars
__________h. Saturn
C. Match column A with Column B. write the letter of the correct answer on the blank before each
number.
A B
________1. The red planet a. Jupiter
________2. The ringed planet b. Venus
________3. Earth’s twin sister c. Neptune
________4. Derived from the Greek Deity of heaven d. Saturn
________5. Largest planet e. Mercury
________6. Smallest planet f. Uranus
________7. The evening star g. Earth
________8. Fastest planet h. Mars
________9. Only inhabited planet
________10. Fourth largest planet
Performance Task
D. Make a planetarium or solar system model out of recycled materials.
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
WEEK 1
Essential Topic
Learning Outcomes:
1. State the different hypotheses explaining the origin of the Universe
2. Prove that the Universe is expanding
3. Formulate own theory about the origin of the Universe
In 1930, the American astronomer Edwin P. Hubble showed that the universe is expanding. The
space formed by the Big Bang was filled by intense, extremely energetic high frequency radiation
called the primeval fireball. Radiation from the dying embers of the primeval fireball now permeates all
of space in the form of microwaves, which continuously stretch out more and more as the universe
expands.
*CREATIONIST THEORY
This theory states that God, the Supreme Being created the whole universe out of nothing. The
proof can be read in the Holy Bible stipulating that God created the heavens and the earth including
man.
This theory was proposed by a Russian- born US cosmologist George Gamow who helped
explain the Big Bang theory. He said that the expansion of the universe will eventually come to a halt
then it collapses up to the time that the universe will return to its original form and another Big Bang will
occur. This process will happen as a cycle.
This theory states that the universe has always been the same since the beginning and will
remain in its present state until eternity. It further claims that new galaxies appear as a result of the
drifting apart of other galaxies.
The Universe or sometimes called cosmos is still expanding in a Doppler red shift in the light we
receive. The red shift also called cosmological red shift shows an increasing distance between us and
other galaxies in the universe. Red shifted galaxy light shows not only that the universe is expanding but
also that is expanding more slowly. Every bit of matter in the primordial explosion is attracted by gravity
toward every bit of matter, resulting in a continues slowing down of the expansion.
Cosmologist subscribe to the oscillating theory of the universe. If the expansion rate is less than
the escape speed, the expansion will continue, come to a stop and fall back in on itself. Now being on its
way, the universe will continue its outward expansion for 35 billion years and come to rest.
The fundamental difference between the Big Bang and ordinary explosion is that with the big
bang there was no space for the explosion to go into – space itself is exploding. The universe does not
“exist” in space or in time: rather both space and time exist within the universe. Without the universe
there would be no space and time.
ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM
In 1796 Marquis de Laplace, a French astronomer proposed the nebular hypothesis:
a.) That the solar system evolved from a slowly rotating gaseous cloud.
b.) As it cooled by radiation and contracted, it rotated faster and faster, causing the gas to take a disk-
like form.
c.) At a certain speed the gravitational attraction could no longer hold the outer material to the central
mass, and it broke into a ring. This material condensed and formed a planet.
d.) The process continued, forming planets at various distances from the sun. The moons around the
planets were formed by the same process.
About 1900, theorist proposed the passing of another star close to the sun, producing great tidal
bulges on the sun. The passing star gave the material its whirling motion. The condensation of this
material ripped from the sun formed the planets.
A. Identify what is described in each statement. Write your answer on the blank before each number.
_______________________2. The widely accepted theory about the origin of the universe.
_______________________3. This theory states that the universe has always been the same and will
continue to be the same forever.
_______________________4. This theory suggest that the universe expanded from the small ball and is
still expanding.
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2. Why is the Big Bang Theory is the most accepted theory about the origin of the universe?
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Performance Task
3. Research on the other theory about the origin of the universe. Summarize their main assumptions.
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