Class8. Hydraulic Jump.
Class8. Hydraulic Jump.
Class8. Hydraulic Jump.
(HYDRAULIC JUMP)
CONTENTS
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Examples of Hydraulic Jump Occurrence
4.1.2 Classification of Jumps
4.2 Momentum Equation for Jump
4.2.1 General Equation
4.2.2 Equation for Rectangular Channel
4.3 Examples
4.1 INTRODUCTION
“Hydraulic Jump”
…. Is occurrence of flow that changes abruptly from a
supercritical to a subcritical state.
Subcritical Flow
Supercritical
Flow
Subcritical
Flow
Supercritical
Flow
(c) On the apron of a spillway
Hydraulic
Jump
Subcritical
Flow
Supercritical
Flow
Hydraulic
Jump
Subcritical
Flow
Supercritical
Flow
ENERGY DISSIPATOR (STILLING BASIN)
USBR Type II
4.1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF JUMPS
▪ As a result of extensive studies of Bradley and Paterka (1957) the hydraulic
jumps in horizontal rectangular channel are classified into 5 categories based
on the Froude number (Fr1) of the incoming supercrtical flow.
EGL
hL
V12 V22
2g 2g
hj
y2 v2
v1 y1
Lj
Definition :
EGL
hL
V12 V22
2g 2g
Hydraulic Subcritical
Supercritical Jump
Flow hj Flow
y2 v2
v1 y1
1 Lj 2
Based on the Newton’s Second Law and
changes of momentum between Sections 1
and 2 :
Ff = M 1 – M 2
where :
Ff = Summation of external forces acting
= specific weight of water = g
M= specific momentum or specific force
= Q2 + Ax
gA
x = centroid of water area
For a short channel, Ff ≈ 0, therefore, M1 = M2
M1 = M 2
Q2 + A1x1 = Q2 + A2 x2 ………..(4.1)
gA1 gA2
1 2
4.2.2 Equation for Rectangular Channel
A1 = By1 A2 = By2
x1 = y1/2 x2 = y2/2
Q = Bq Q = Bq
Q2 + A1x1 = Q2 + A2 x2 ………..(4.1)
gA1 gA2
will result in :
y2 = 1 1 + 8 Fr12-1 ………..(4.3a)
y1 2
y-E Curve
Hydraulic
Jump
y2
y1 Constant Q
Lj
1 2
hj
y2 v2
v1 y1
1 Lj 2
LENGTH OF JUMP (Lj)
y2
y1
Lj
1 2
A flow depth under a sluice gate is 0.3 meter at “vena contractor” with mean velocity
of 6 m/s. A hydraulic jump occurs instantly at upstream of the gate. Determine :
(i) Height of jump, hj
(ii) Energy loss due to jump, EL
A flow depth under a sluice gate is 0.3 meter at “vena contracta” with mean velocity of
6 m/s. A hydraulic jump occurs instantly at downstream of the gate. Determine :
(i) Height of jump, hj
(ii) Energy loss due to jump, EL
SOLUTION
1 2
EXAMPLE 4.2
SOLUTION
Given: B = 0.7 m
Fr1 = 3.5
y2 = 0.6 m
Answers:
yo = y2 = 1.91 m
y1 = 0.66 m
EL = (y2-y1)3 = 0.39 m
4y1y2
PL = gQEL = 76.5 kW