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RICE HARVESTING AND THRESHING Harvesting

MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT  The process of gathering the useful portion of the
OPERATIONS crop from the field.

Threshing
 The process of separating the grains from the straw.
Additionally, it may include cleaning the grains.

Rice Harvesting Methods Manual Cutting

1. Manual Method Manual Hauling

 Manual Cutting and Windrowing, Manual
Hauling, and Manual Threshing

 Manual Cutting using sickle, scythe, yatab, Manual Threshing

lingkao and cradle.

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2. Manual and Mechanical Method

 Mechanical Cutting and Windrowing, Manual
Hauling/Filing, and Mechanical Threshing.

• Reapers-windrower – a machine that cuts the

standing crop, conveys the cut crop to one
side, and lays them down in an orderly
manner.

Mechanical Reaper with Rotating Knife

Engine

Starwheel
Chain Conveyor

Header Pointer

Gathering Header

Mechanical Reaper with Reciprocating Knife Mechanical Reaper with Reciprocating Knife

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Acceleration
Reverse,
Lever
Engine Neutral,
and
Forward
Starwheel Chain Conveyor Lever

Gathering Header

Clutch for Clutch for

Header Pointer Cutting Forward/Reverse

Mechanical Reaper with Reciprocating Knife Mechanical Reaper with Reciprocating Knife

Preparing the Field for Reaper

 Drain the field well about 10 days before harvest.

 Know the field pattern of operations. Determine

the entry point and exit to next field.

Mechanical Reaper with Reciprocating Knife

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Preparing the Reaper Preparing the Reaper

 Check always the machine, engine and all parts  Check always the machine, engine and all parts
functioning well. Make a quick test run. functioning well. Make a quick test run.

 Make the necessary adjustments to the machine  Make the necessary adjustments to the machine
e.g. power on engine, height of cut, etc.. e.g. power on engine, height of cut, etc..

• Reaper-binder – a machine that cuts the • Thresher – a machine that separates the rice
standing crop, binds the cut crop, and lays grain from the panicle.
down the bound crop to one side.

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Types of Threshing Machinery Based on Feeding Types of Threshing Machinery Based on Feeding
1. Hold-on feeding – Straws do not pass through
 For hold-on threshers, straws do not pass
the threshing section. through the thresher and only the removal of the
chaff and light materials are needed using
blowers and screens.
2. Throw-in feeding – Straws pass through the  For throw-in threshers, straws pass through the
threshing section. thresher and cleaning is done using a straw
walker, blower and screens.

Types of Threshing Machinery According to Direction of Types of Threshing Machinery According to Cylinder
threshing materials Teeth

1. Tangential-flow 1. Wire-loop

2. Peg-tooth

2. Axial-flow
3. Rasp-bar

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Threshing Drum
Feeder Table

Engine

Axial Flow Fan/Blower

Thresher

Axial Flow Thresher

Feeder Table
Feeder Table
Threshing Drum
Chaff/Straw
Hopper

Engine Fan/Blower

Grain Discharge
Clutch Lever Hopper
Belt Drive

Axial Flow Thresher Axial Flow Thresher

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Straw Outlet
Feeder Table

Threshing Cylinder

Oscillating
Sieve Diesel Engine

Chaff/Straw
Hopper
Hook

Axial Flow Thresher Typical Grain Flow in Axial Flow Thresher

Threshing Operations
 Feed the crop continuously at uniform rate.
Maximum feeding without overloading engine.
 Start engine & throttle to recommended speed
 Check always the grain discharge for impurities,
(600-700 cylinder rpm).
the sieve at the windboard for losses.
 Feed thresher with harvested crop to check  Reduce feeding rate when threshing wet.
performance. Adjust if necessary.  Periodically check the drum and the concave
 Operate the machine, 3-4 persons required: 1 or grills for accumulation of straws and chaff.
2 men load the tray, another to feed the thresher.
1 checks the grain discharge and the
blower/sieve.

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Mechanical Cutting 3. All Mechanical Method

Manual Hauling  Combine Harvester

• Machine that combines the operations of
harvesting and threshing.
• Mobile grain-harvesting machine for cutting,
Mechanical Threshing picking, stripping or picking up crop,
threshing, separating, cleaning and conveying
grain into a grain hopper and depositing
harvest residue onto the ground.

Combine Harvester Combine Harvester

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Combine Harvester Combine Harvester

Combine Harvester Combine Harvester

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Combine Harvester Combine Harvester

Grain Tank
Canopy Threshing Clutch Lever
Combine Harvester
Driver
Grain Elevator
Acceleration Lever Engine
Seat
Steering Lever
W ork Lights
Pick-up Reel Crop Elevator
CropAuger

Grain
Unloading
Boom

Cutter Bar Reel Control Lever Unloading Lever Combine Harvester

Header Control Lever Reaping Clutch Lever

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Combine Harvester Combine Harvester

Combine Harvester
Typical Grain Flow in Combine Harvester

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3. All Mechanical Method

 Stripper Harvester
• It is a machine that combines harvesting and
threshing into a single operation.
• It differs with the combine in that it permits the
removal of grain directly from the head or End
panicle without cutting the stalks.

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