Study Centres:

Visiting Centres:

A.H.SAFEER
BA.(Hons .in Political Science), Dip.in.ICT,
Dip.in. Hu.Rights& Peace stu ( University of Colombo)
Dip. In. Conflict Resolution& Peace preparedness
Resource person on peace & power sharing
Dip.in. law, Dip.in. HRM
murpay; tpQ;Qhdk;

murpayikg;G khjpupfs;
ngupa gpupj;jhdpah (Great Britain)

gpupj;jhdpa murpayikg;gpd; ,ay;Gfs;

01. gpupj;jhdpah murpayikg;G vOjg;glhj my;yJ tiuag;glhj ahg;ghff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

02. rpy Kf;fpa rl;lq;fs; kl;Lk; vOj;J tbtj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. (cjhuzk;) kfh
gl;lak; (1216)> cupikfs; kNrhjh(1628)> epu;zar;rl;lk; (1701)> nt];l;kpdp];lu; rl;lk;
(1931)
03. kuGfs; my;yJ ghuk;gupaq;fNs ,q;F nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jfpd;wd.
04. ePjpkd;w jPu;g;Gf;fs; murpayikg;gpy; nry;thf;Fg; ngw;Ws;sd.
05. murpay; fl;rpfs; Kjypy; ,q;F jhd; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd. jw;NghJ ,U fl;rp Kiw
gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;wJ.
06. Kbahl;rp epyTk; ehL.
07. gpupj;jhdpa murpayikg;G vd;gjw;F tYkpf;f fUj;Jf;fs; %yf; nfhs;iffspd;
njhFjpnahd;Wk; cs;slq;FfpAs;sik. mitahtd
 rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rp
 ghuhSkd;w ,iwik (Ml;rp njhlu;ghd caupa mjpfhuq;fs;
ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sik)
 mikr;ruitapd; $l;Lg;nghWg;G Nghd;w vz;zf; fUf;fs;
08. gpupj;jhdpa murpayikg;g epwtdq;fspd; nraw;ghLfis topelhj;Jk; tpjpfs; kw;Wk;
rk;gpujhaq;fs; gythFk;. mitahtd
 rl;ljpl;lq;fs
 murpayikg;Gr; rl;lq;fs;
 nghJ rl;lj;jpdhy; cUthd rk;gpujhaq;fs;
 gpupj;jhdpa murpay; fl;likg;G

1. rl;lj;Jiw
i. nghJkf;fs; rig
ii. gpuGf;fs; rig

2. epiwNtw;Wj; Jiw
i. nghJkf;fs; rig
ii. gpuGf;fs; rig

3. ePjpj;Jiw
4. murpay; fl;rpfs;
5. ];nfhl;yhe;J> Nty;]; kw;Wk; tl mau;yhe;J murpay; mjpfhuq;fis
gutyhf;fpAs;s epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; epUthff; fl;likg;Gfs;

rl;lj;Jiw

gpupj;jhdpah xw;iwahl;rp ehlhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. gpupj;jhdpah ehl;bd; rl;lthf;fj;jpw;Fg;

nghWg;ghdjhf ghuhSkd;wk; my;yJ rl;lrig fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ghuhSkd;wk; ,U
rigfisf; nfhz;lJ.
 nghJkf;fs; rig
 gpuGf;fs; rig

nghJkf;fs; rig

,J fPo; rig vd;Wk;> 1k; kd;wk; vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 5 tUlq;fSf;F xU Kiw

Nju;jy; elhj;jg;gl;L ,jw;F cWg;gpdu;fs; jFjp ngw;w thf;fhsu;fshy; Nju;jy; %yk;
njupT nra;ag;gLtu;. ,jpy; jw;NghJ (2017> [{d;) 650 cWg;gpdu;fs; njhFjpthup Nju;jy;
Kiw %yk; njupT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sdu;. 1948y; ,aw;wg;gl;l gpujpepjpj;Jt rl;lj;jpd; gpufhuk;
613 cWg;gpdu;fSf;F Fiwahky; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.

cWg;gpdu;fs; njuptpd; NghJ ];nfhl;yhe;Jf;F 71 > Nty;]; 35 > tlmau;yhe;J 12 >

FiwahkYk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. $l;lk; elj;Jtjw;F Fiwe;jgl;rk; 40 mq;fj;jtu; ,Uj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; 1tJ $l;lk; rpk;khrd gpurhq;f ciuAld; Muk;gpf;Fk;. ,t;Tiu Kbapdhy;
epfo;j;jg;gLk;. ,t;Tiu MSk;fl;rpapd; nfhs;ifg; gpufld ciuahff; fhzg;gLk;. rpk;khrd
ciuapd; gpd;du; thf;nfLg;G ,lk;ngWk;. thf;nfLg;G Njhy;tpaile;jhy; rig fiyf;fg;gl;L
kPz;Lk; nghJj; Nju;jy; eilngWk;. ciu Vw;f;fg;gl;lhy; rigapd; rghehafu;> cjtp
rghehafu;> FOf;fspd; jtprhsu;fs; njupe;njLf;fg;gLtu;.rhjhuz kNrhjhf;fs; ngUk;ghd;ik
mbg;gilapYk;> tpN\l kNrhjhf;fs; 2/3 ngUk;ghd;ik mbg;gilapYk;
epiwNtw;Wk;rigiaf; $l;ly;> fiyj;jy;> xj;jpitj;jy; gpujkupd; MNyhridg;gb Kbahy;
epiwNtw;wg;gLk;.

gpuGf;fs; rig

,uz;lhk; kd;wk; my;yJ Nkw; rig vd miof;fg;gLk;. gpuGf;fs; rigapy; jw;NghJ(2016)

787 cWg;gpdu;fs; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sdu;. (khWglf;$baJ) 5 tifahd gpuGf;fs; mq;fj;Jtk;
ngWfpd;wdu;.
1. guk;giu gpuGf;fs; (9/10 gq;F MFk;)
2. mur FLk;gj;ijr; rhu;e;j gpuGf;fs;
3. ];nfhl;yhe;J gpuGf;fs; (1707 gpupj;jhdpa ];nfhl;yhe;J cld;gbf;ifapd;gb 6
gpuGf;fSf;F mq;fj;Jtk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)
4. Md;kf P gpuGf;fs; (26 Ngu; rpNu\;l gpug;Gf;fshf fhzg;gLtu;)
 5. rl;lg; gpuGf;fs; (,tu;fs; Mal;fhy cWg;gpdu;fs; 9 Ngu; jw;NghJ fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;)

1922 mau;yhe;J gpuGf;fspd; mq;fj;Jtk; ePf;fg;gl;lJ. ,r;rigapd; jiytu; rhd;rpyu; gpuG
Mthu; guk;giug; gpuGf;fs; jtpu;e;j VidNahu; gpujkupd; rpghuprpd;gb Kbapdhy;
epakpf;fg;gLtu;. ,tu;fs; fy;tp> tpQ;Qhdk;> kUj;Jtk; Nghd;w Jiwfspy; epGzj;Jtk;
ngw;wtu;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w kuG fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. 1958 Kjy; gpuGf;fs; rigapy;
ngz;fSf;F mq;fj;Jtk; toq;fg;gl;lJ.

epu;thfj;Jiw

gpupj;jhdpahtpy; 2 epUthfq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

1. cz;ikahd epUthfk; (ke;jpup rig)
2. ehk epUthfk; (Kb)

Kb

Muk;gfhyj;jpy; mjpf mjpfhuk; Kb nfhz;bUe;jJ. 1688 y; ,lk;ngw;w khz;GW Gul;rpapd;

gpd;du; mjpfhuj;ij ,oe;jJ. Kb guk;giu mbg;gilapy; njupT nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. xU ehk
epiwNtw;whsu; vd;w me;j];jpy; itj;J Nehf;fg;gLfpd;whu;.

gpujk ke;jpup

cyfpy; ke;jpup rig murhq;f Kiwf;F khjpupahf nfhs;sg;gLtJ gpupj;jhdpa murhq;f

KiwNa MFk;. mt;turhq;f Kiw nt];l;kpdp];lu; Kiw vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
murpayikg;gpd; gb xU iky;fy;yhfj; jpfo;gtu; gpujk ke;jpupahthu;. ,tu; ke;jpup rigapd;
jiytuhf ,Ug;gjdhy; ,tu; Kjd;ikahdtu;fSs; Kf;fpakhdtuhf fhzg;gLfpd;whu;.

xU nghJj; Nju;;jypd; gpd;du; ghuhSkd;wpd; fPo; kd;wkhd nghJkf;fs; rigapy;

ngUk;ghd;ik gyj;ijg; ngWk; fl;rpapd; jiytu; ehk epu;thfpahd kfhuhzpahuhy; gpujkuhf
epakpf;fg;gLthu;. mq;F nghJkf;fs; rigapy; ngUk;ghd;ikg; gyj;jpid ngw;w fl;rpapd;
jiytu; gpuGf;fs; rigapy; cWg;gpduhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. gpujku; epakpf;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;du;
mtupd; MNyhridapd; ngaupy; kfhuhzpahu; Vida cWg;gpdu;fis epakpg;gNjhL
mtu;fSf;fhd mikr;Rg; nghWg;Gf;fisAk; xg;gilg;ghu;. NkYk; fgpdl;l my;yhj
mikr;ru;fSk; gpujp mikr;ru;fSk; gpujkupd; MNyhridapd; ngaupy; kfhuhzpahuhNy
epakpf;fg;gLthu;.

vr;re;ju;g;ge;jpYk; Xu; mikr;ruit> mikr;ruit my;yJ mikr;ruit my;yhj mikr;riu

my;yJ gpujp mikrriu gjtpa[pypUe;J mfw;Wtjw;F kfhuhzpahUf;F MNyhrid
toq;Fk; mjpfhuk; gpujkUf;Fz;L.

ghuhSkd;wpd; nghJ kf;fs; rigapd; jtizfspd; Muk;gj;jpd; NghJ kfhuhzpahuhy;

epfoj;jg;gLk; rpk;khrdg; gpurhq;fk; Njhy;tpAw;why;. my;yJ murhq;fj;jpd; tuT – nryTj;
jpl;l kNrhjh Njhy;tpAw;why; my;yJ murhq;fj;jpw;F vjpuhd xU ek;gpf;ifapy;yhg;
gpNuuiz ntw;wp ngw;why; gpujku; cs;spl;l mikr;ruit ,uh[pdhkh nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

mt;thwhd epiyfs; cUthfhtpl;lhy; ghuhSkd;wpd; nghJkf;fs; rigapd; gjtpf; fhyk;

KbTw;W mJ fiyf;fg;gl;lhy; md;wp xU nghJj; Nju;jypd; gpd;du; Gjpa gpujku; cs;spl;l
mikr;ruit jhgpf;fg;gl;lJld; mJtiu nrayhw;wpa gpujku cs;spl;l mikr;ruitapd;
gjtpfs; ,y;yhnjhopAk;.
 gpupj;jhdpahtpy; mjpfhug; gfpu;T Kiwfs;

If;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;jpw;Fs; ,q;fpyhe;J> ];nfhl;yhe;J> Nty;]; kw;Wk; tl mau;yhe;J

cs;slq;Ffpd;wJ. ,jpy; kpfg;ngupa myF ,q;fpyhe;jhFk;. mq;F gpuptpidthjj;ij fhz
Kbatpy;iy.

If;fpa ,uhr;rpak; vd mwpag;gLk; ngupa gpupj;jhdpah tuyhw;W uPjpahf xw;iwahl;rp ehly;y.

1707 KjNy Nty;];> ];nfhl;yhe;J ,uhr;rpaq;fs; murpay; uPjpahf xd;Wgl;lJ. 1800Mk;
Mz;by; maHyhe;J gpupl;ldpd; xU gFjpahf khwpaJ> maHyhe;J 1921Mk; Mz;L
Rje;jpukile;jJ vdpDk; 1990fs; tiu tl mau;yhe;jpd; gpuptpid Nghuhl;lk; fhzg;gl;lJ.
NkYk; jw;NghJ ];nfhl;yhe;jpy; gpuptpid ,af;fk; fhzg;gLtJld; Nty;]py; ,d milahs
murpay; tYthdjhf cs;sJ.

kuGuPjpahf gpupj;jhdpah xU jdpj;Jtkhd murhf fUjg;gl;lJ. gpuhe;jpaq;fSf;fhd

mjpfhukhdJ kj;jpaurpy; ,Ue;Nj toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. vdpDk; ,jw;fhd Vw;ghL
murpayikg;gpy; tuk;gplg;gltpy;iy. Mdhy; cs;SH murhq;f epWtdq;fs; xU murhq;fkhf
(Njrpa murhq;fkhf) mbgzpe;J nraw;gLfpd;wJ. Njrpa murhq;fkhf kj;jpa murhy;
toq;fg;gl;l mjpfhuq;fis gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;fpd;wd. mjhtJ nkhop> fyhrhu my;yJ
Gtpapay; uPjpahd gpupTfis nfhs;shJ gd;Kfj;jd;ikahd xw;Wikia tpsf;Ffpd;wd.

];nfhl;yhe;J

5.1 kpy;ypad; kf;fs; thOk; ];nfhl;yhe;jpw;F me;ehl;bd; nkhj;j epyg;gug;gpy; 1/3 gq;F
cs;sJ. 1603 ,y; ];nfhl;yhe;Jk; ,q;fpyhe;Jk; xNu fpuPlj;jpd; fPo; te;jJ. 1907 ,y; If;fpa
,uhr;rpaj;NjhL xd;wpizifapy; gpd;tUk; cld;gbf;iff;F Vw;g ,ize;J nfhz;lJ.
 ];nfhl;yhe;jtu;fs; ghuhSkd;wpy; nfhz;L tug;gLk; rl;ljpl;lq;fis Vw;Wf; nfhs;sy;
Ntz;Lk;.
 gpungNlupd; kjk; kw;Wk; jpUr;rigfis ,y;yhnjhopf;f KbahJ
 jkJ fyhrhu milahsq;fis Ngzpf; nfhs;s ];nfhl;yhe;ju;fs; KO cupikAk;
cz;L.
 ];nfhl;yhe;J ePjpkd;Wf;F cupj;jhd rYiffs; kw;Wk; mjpfhuq;fis njhlu;e;J
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vdTk; Fwpg;gpl;lJ.
 ,q;fpyhe;J ghuhSkd;wk; ];nfhl;yhe;jpd; rl;lq;fis khw;w Kbe;jhYk; ,J
mk;kf;fspd; ey;tho;Tf;F fhuzkhf mika Ntz;Lk;. ];nfhl;yhe;jpd; jdpahu;
rl;lj;ij khw;wf; $lhJ vd 1907 cld;gbf;ifapy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

1998 ,y; gpupj;jhdpa ghuhSkd;wk; epiwNtw;wpa ];nfhl;yhe;J rl;lj;jpy; (Scotlant Act, 1998)
mjpfhug; gutyhf;fNk fhzg;gl;lJ. ];nfhl;yhe;J rl;lj;JiwahdJ “];nfhl;yhe;J
ghuhSkd;wk;” vd;Nw miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,jw;fpilapy; gpupj;jhdpahtpypUe;J gpupe;J nrd;W Rje;jpu murhf khw Ntz;Lk; vd;w

];nfhl;yhe;J ,dthj ,af;fq;fSk; njhlu;e;Jk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. 2014 ,y; gpupe;J
nry;tjw;fhd kf;fs; fUj;Jf; fzpg;G thf;nfLg;nghd;W eilngw;wJ. vdpDk; gpupe;J
nry;tjw;F 45% ];nfhl;yhe;jpd; kf;fNs ,jw;F Mjutspj;jdu;. ];nfhl;yhe;J
gpupj;jhdpahNthL ,ize;jpUg;gpDk; mq;F tYkpf;f ,dthj ,af;fnkhd;W cs;sJ.

];nfhl;yhe;Jf;F mjpfhuk; gutyhf;fk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;s Kiw

 Fw;wtpay; rl;lk;> fy;tp> Rfhjhuk;> ePjpkd;wq;fis cUthf;fy;. cs;Suhl;rp>
nghyp];> Nghf;Ftuj;J njhlu;ghd gue;j mjpfhuq;fs;
  Njrpa tUkhd tupfs; gTz; xd;wpy; %d;W gTz;fs; tiu khwj;jf;f tup
mwtPl;Lf;fhd mjpfhuk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
 rpy nfhs;ifj; Jiwfs; njhlu;gpy; nt];l;kpdp];lu; ghuhSkd;wj;jplk;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. cjhuzk; :- ghJfhg;G> ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;ifj; njhlu;ghd
mjpfhuq;fs;

Nty;];

gpupj;jhdpahtpd; nkhj;j gug;gpy; 1/12 gq;Fk; kf;fs; njhifapy; 5% Kk; Nty;];f;F

cupajhFk;. 13k; E}w;whz;bd; gpupj;jhdpa Kbapd; fPo; te;j Nty;]; 1536 ,y; gpupj;jhdpah
nfhz;L te;j xU jiygl;r rl;lj;jpdhy; ,q;fpyhe;jpd; epUthf Kiwikf;Fs;
fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,jd;gb> Nty;]pd; epUthfj;jpid mjw;fhfNt cUthf;fg;gl;l
jpizf;fsk; Nkw;nfhz;lJ. mj;jpizf;fsj;jpw;F nghWg;ghd mikr;ru; xUtUk;
,Ue;jNjhL> ,jd;fPo; Nty;]pd; Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; fy;tpr; rigfs; jhgpf;fg;gl;ld.

Nty;Rld; njhlu;Gila ngUk;ghyhd epUthfr; nraw;ghLfs; cs;Suhl;rp epWtdq;fspdhy;

epiwNtw;wg;gl;ld. Nty;]pd; mgpyhi\fis epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf Njrpa ghuhSkd;wj;jpDs;
Fiwe;jgl;rk; 35 Mrdq;fs; xJf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.

Nty;Rf;F mjpfhuq;fisg; gutyhf;Fk; Kfkhf 1998 ,y; Nty;]; gpuNjrj;jpw;nfd xU

jdpahd xU epu;thfg; nghwpKiw xd;W cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,q;Fk; ];nfhl;yhe;J Nghd;W
jdp ,uh[;[pak; eilngWfpd;wJ.

,Ug;gpDk; Nty;]; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; 19k; E}w;whz;L njhlf;fk; Ra Ml;rpapid Nehf;fhff;

nfhz;l Njrpa ,af;fk; tpUj;jpaile;jJ.

Nty;Rf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s mjpfhuq;fs;

 Nty;]; Njrpa rigf;F Muk;gj;jpy; Jizepiyr; rl;lthf;f mjpfhuNk
toq;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,jpy; Njrpa rl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
KOikahd tpsf;fq;fs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jd.
cjhuzk; :- Nty;rpd; Njrpa tplag; gug;Gf;fis cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mjpfhuk;
 Nty;rpd; (nghJ kw;Wk; jdpahu; gz;Gfisf; nfhz;l nghJkf;fs; Nrit toq;Fk;)
RahjPd epWtdq;fspd; cj;jpNahfj;ju;fis epakpj;jy;.
 Nty;Rf;fhd xl;Lnkhj;j epjp xJf;fLP fs; njhlu;ghd mjpfhuq;fs;.
 ,jw;F epiyahd tup mwtpLk; mjpfhuk; ,y;iy.

2010 kf;fs; fUj;Jf; fzpg;gpd; gpd;du; Nty;rpd; rl;lthf;f mjpfhuq;fs; mjpfupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

2011,y; Vw;gl;l ,e;j kWrPuikg;Gf;F Vw;g gutyhf;f tplaq;fs; 20 ,w;F rl;lq;fis Mf;Fk;
mjpfhuk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jw;fhf nt];l;kpdp];lu; ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; mDkjp Njitapy;iy.

tl mau;yhe;J

gpu;j;jhdpahtpd; Kf;fpa gpuhe;jpaq;fSy; xd;whf tl mau;yhe;J nraw;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd;

gug;gsT 50000 rJu fpNyhkPw;wu;fshtJld; ,q;F Rkhu; 1.7 kpy;ypak; - kf;fs; njhiff;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J If;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; rdj;njhifapy; 2.5% MFk;.

tl mau;yhe;J 12k; E}w;whz;bypUe;J gpupj;jhdpa Kbapd; fPo; Msg;gl;lJ. xl;Lnkhj;j

mau;yhe;Jk; fp.gp. 1800 ,y; gpupj;jhdpahNthL ,ize;jJ.

vdpDk; mau;yhe;J 1922 ,y; Rje;jpu murhdJ. 1920 ,y; tl mau;yhe;jpw;fhd jdpahd
ghuhSkd;wk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. 1970 tiu fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jd; %yk; <uitfisf; nfhz;l
rl;lj;JiwAld; mjpfhuk; gutyhf;f Ml;rp Kiwnahd;Wf;F top Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
tl mau;yhe;jpd; kf;fs; fpwp];jt kw;Wk; Gul;l];jhe;J vd gpupe;jpUe;jJ. fpwp];jt
kf;fSf;F gpupj;jhdpahTld; ,ize;jpUf;Fk; Njit fhzg;gl;lhYk; Gul;l];jhe;J kf;fSf;F
Rje;jpuNk Njitahf ,Ue;jJ. vt;thapDk; tl mau;yhe;jpd; fj;Njhypf;f kw;Wk; fpwp];jt
kf;fSf;F ,ilapy; fhzg;gl;l Kuz;ghLfs; njhlu;e;Jk; epytpaJ. ,jidj; jPu;j;Jf;
nfhs;tjw;fhd Kaw;rpfSk; Njhy;tpaile;jd. ,Wjpahf 1998 Vg;gpuy; 10 k; jpfjp
ifr;rhj;jpl;l ngupa nts;sp cld;gbf;if (Good Friday Agreement) Kf;fpakhdnjhU
iky;fy;yhFk;. ,jd; gadhf 1998 ,y; tl mau;yhe;J rl;lk; (Northern Irelant Act 1998)
epiwNtw;wg;gl;lNjhL 2002 ,y; Gjpa tl mau;yhe;J Ml;rp Kiw Muk;gkhdJ. ,jd; fPo;
tl mau;yhe;jpw;F mjpfhuk; gutyhf;fg;gl;l Ml;rp Kiwnahd;W fpilj;jJ.

tl mau;yhe;jpw;fhd mjpfhug;gutyhf;fk;
 Nty;]; kw;Wk; ];nfhl;yhe;J mjpfhug; gutyhf;fj;ijg; ghu;f;Fk; NghJ
,t;tpuz;Lf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;lnjhU epiyapy tl mau;yhe;J cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
 Rfhjhuk;> nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp> #oy;> fy;tp> tptrhak;> r%f Nrit> tPL>
cs;Suhl;rp> Nghf;Ftuj;J> fyhr;rhuk;> tpisahl;L> ePjpkd;wk;> nghyp]; Nghd;wdj;
njhlu;gpy; G+uz rl;lthf;f mjpfhuk; cz;L.
 epiyahd tup mwtpLtjw;fhd mjpfhuk; ,y;iy.

,Wjpahf gpupj;jhdpahtpy; jw;NghJs;s murpayikg;G xw;iwahl;rp Kiwapy; ,Ue;J tpyfpr;

nrd;Ws;sJ vd;gij vq;fshy; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;. vdpDk; ,J rk];b Kiwapid Nehf;fp
nry;ytpy;iy. ,jw;Fg; gjpyhf ika mjpfhuq;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;l juj;jpid cg myFfSld;
gfpu;e;J nfhz;L gutyhf;fk; nrd;Ws;sikahFk;.

gpupj;jhdpa murpayikg;G rk;gpujhd cau; tFg;gpdiu ghJfhg;gJk;> gpuNjr

milahsq;fis kjpf;Fk; gpd;Gyj;jpy; cUthfpAs;sJ vd ,Wjpahf Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,jd;gb
murpay; uPjpahf Njrpa gpupj;jhdpahf mjd; gpuNjr milahsq;fis xd;whfg; Ngz
topNaw;wg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. vt;thwhapDk; fle;j rpy jrhg;gjq;fshf gpuNjr milahsq;fs;
Kd;dpiy mile;Js;sikiaf; fhzyhk;. ,jdhy; gpupj;jhdpah rk\;b kw;Wk; xw;iwahl;rp
Mfpa ,uz;Lf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;ljhf cs;sikia fhz Kbfpd;wJ. ,jid fyg;G
murpayikg;G vd Fwpg;gplyhk;. gpupj;jhdpahtpy; rkepiyaw;w mjpfhug; gq;fPl;L KiwNa
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd vk;khy; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.