OWNER’S MANUAL

FOR
CHEMSTAR® VACUUM PUMPS
MODELS:
1374N
1376N
1400N
1402N
Contents: Installation
Operation
Maintenance
Warranty
MSDS Sheet For Pump Oil
Specifications
Parts List and Expl. Views
Applications Booklet

WARNING
Never Block the Exhaust Port. If the exhaust is blocked, pressure
will build-up in the pump with the potential of the pump body
bursting and causing possible injury to personnel in the area.

For outside U.S. and Canada, contact your local

Rietschle Thomas sales office, see back page

Welch Rietschle Thomas

7301 North Central Avenue
Skokie, IL 60077
Phone: (847) 676-8800
Fax: (847) 677-8606 (Technical Support)
Fax: (920) 451-4397 (Ordering)
E-Mail: [email protected] Part No. 67-0544R3.2
Web-Page: www.welchvacuum.com Printed in USA
 CHEMSTAR® OWNERS MANUAL
CONTENTS

Section Page

1. Installation 3
2. Operation 6
3. Maintenance 8
4. Quick Reference Charts 10
5. Pumping Speed Curves 10
6. Dimensional Drawings (with rotation) 11
7 Exploded Parts Listing 12
8. MSDS for Welch 8995G Gold Vacuum Pump Oil 20
9. Accessory Section 22
11. Application Booklet – CHEMSTAR® and Corrosive Gases 23
12. Warranty Information 36

Stainless Steel ISO NW Intake and Exhaust Fittings

The Pumps come with ISO NW fitting on both the intake and exhaust ports. The fittings make it easy to
use Welch modular piping to connect the pump to your system and allow easy disassembly. For users who
prefer to use rubber hose, a rubber hose adapter for the intake fitting is provided.

Be sure prior to start-up, you have properly identified the intake port on the pump (see Schematics Below).
NEVER BLOCK THE EXHAUST PORT. If the exhaust port is blocked, this will lead to a pressure build
up in the pump resulting in the pump body bursting and possible injury to the pump operator. Be sure to call
Welch technical service prior to start-up at (847)-676-8800 if you have any questions.

INTAKE PORT

1400N-01 1402N-01 1376N-01 1374N-01

Section 1: INSTALLATION

1.1 Introduction
This manual has been compiled not only for the care and maintenance of the CHEMSTAR pump now in your
possession but as a helpful reference and guide for many problems which are usually associated with mechanical
vacuum pumps. Take time to read these instructions carefully and preserve this manual for future reference; we
think it will be useful to you.

1.2 Unpacking
Carefully remove the pump from the shipping case and unfasten and remove the wooden skid. Preserve all paper
work and inspection tags for future reference. If damage has occurred from shipment a claim must be filed with
the carrier immediately; preserve the shipping container for inspection by the carrier. If you are required to
communicate with your dealer or with Welch Vacuum Technology, Inc. be sure to include your order numbers for
quick identification. Do not return the pump to the factory without first calling for a returned goods number.

1.3 Pump Mounting

1.3a Mounted pumps
Rubber bumpers are supplied with most of our mounted pumps, either loosely or attached. Bumpers are
excellent for applications involving a semi-flexible surface such as a bench top; they help to isolate noise and
eliminate creeping. For more rigid requirements the pump base may be bolted directly to a firm foundation
with or without the bumpers. All CHEMSTAR pumps should be mounted in a horizontal plane.

1.3b Unmounted Pumps

If you have purchased an unmounted pump, refer to parts list for information concerning the motor, motor
pulley and belt necessary to drive your particular pump at the recommended speed.

1.4 Pump Location

The pump should be located preferably in a clean and well ventilated area and adequate space should be
provided wherever possible for routine maintenance such as changes of oil and belt adjustments and re-
placements. Above all, the pump should be located as closely as possible to its system in order to utilize it
most efficiently. Its locations should include such determining factors as the length and size of connections,
the number of bends and the type of exhaust connections.

1.5 Exhaust Provisions

Exhaust connections will be determined by the type of system to be exhausted and the desired cleanliness of the
atmosphere surrounding the pump. SEE APPLICATION BOOKLET WITHIN OWNER’S MANUAL
FOR COMPLETE DETAILS ON OIL MIST ELIMINATORS AND EXHAUST SYSTEMS FOR
CORROSIVE GASES.

1.6 Electrical Power

1.6a Power Source Review
Review the power source and the motor rating to be sure they agree in voltage, phase and frequently. On
three-phase applications the direction of rotation of the motor must be considered. Make a momentary
check of rotation at the time of power installation and wiring. Momentary backward rotation of the pump is
not harmful. Check the layout drawings for proper direction of rotation.

Identification Symbols:
1.6b Overload Protection
Motor thermal overload protection is made available by the motor manufacturer as an aid to minimizing
motor failure. Overload protection is a standard feature on all single-phase 60 Hz motors. Single-phase
motors will normally have automatic overload protection. Motors of 1-1/2 horsepower or large supplied
with DuoSeal pumps contain no overload protection. Installations of such equipment must comply with
local electrical codes which dictage appropriate starter and protection devices. It is strongly suggested
that you familiarize yourself with the protection supplied with your motor so that you may react accord-
ingly in the event of an emergency. Automatic reset protection is designed to rest itself after a predeter-
mined cooling period. If the fault to the drive remains unaltered, the motor will cycle on and off until the
fault is corrected. The motor data plate will indicate the presence of thermal protection.

1.7 Vacuum Connections

1.7a Choice of Connections
The choice of connections and fittings can have a very marked effect on the pumping speed at the
vacuum chamber. Any connection placed between the pump and the chamber creates an impedance to
the flow of gas. This is particularly true at low pressures in the millitorr range where the gas flow is
substantially molecular in character. The gas flow isthen dependent upon the kinetic activity of the
molecules to bring it to the intake of the pump.

1.7b The Effects of Conductance

It has been show that the conductance of a tube is proportional to the cube of its diameter and inversely proportional to
its length. Therefore it is imperative that the connecting lines be as large in diameter and as short in length as practical.
For best results the diameter of the connecting tube should be at least as large as the diameter of the pump intake. To
avoid a large reduction in pumping speed at the vacuum chamber, it is clear that the conductance of the line must be
considerably greater than the speed of the pump.

1.7c Metal Joints

If metal piping or tubing is used, it is preferable to solder or braze all the connections. Where threaded
joints must be used, coat the threads with LocTite Thread Sealant with Teflon and screw together tightly.
Flanged connections with elastomer gaskets make excellent demontable joints. Modular vacuum piping
and fittings are now extensively used.

1.7d Rubber Tubing Joints

Where metal tubing is used between the system and the pump intake, joints can be made by butting the ends of
the two sections together in a short section of rubber vacuum hose. Worm-screw band clamps are useful for
securing the hose to the tubing. Whatever the joint you choose to use, cleanliness should be of utmost impor-
tance.

1.7e Valves and Stopcocks

Metal valves or stopcocks may be used in the connecting line between the system and the pump to provide a
means of isolating the pump from the system. To minimize the impedance of flow, the valve openings should be
as large as possible. Lubricate the rotating plug of the stopcock with a film of vacuum grease sufficiently thick
enough to prevent seizure.
1.8 Vacuum Gauges
The type of vacuum gauge to be used is determined largely by the pressure range to be measured. Pressures in the
ranges produced by CHEMSTAR pumps can be covered by McLeod, Thermistor, Pirani or Thermocuple gauges. The
McLeod gauge is used where high accuracy of measurement is required. The Pirani, Thermistor and Thermocouple
gauges are electrical and give continuos readings of the total pressure. They are preferred where rapid pressure
changes occur. The McLeod gauge does not measure condensable vapors; therefore, if vapors are present it will
generally read lower in pressure than electrical gauges. For higher vacuums in systems employing diffusion, turbo-
molecular or ion pumps, the hot filament ionization of the Philips gauge is used.

1.9 Traps
1.9a The Need for a Trap
Where corrosive vapors or large quantities of condensable vapors are evolved from vacuum processing, a cold
trap may be used in the connecting line to the pump. It will help prevent damage to the pump mechanism and
reduce oil contamination. The cold trap, immersed in a suitable Dewier flask, is installed so that the vapors may
come in contact with the surfaces of the trap and condense. Commonly used refrigerants are liquid nitrogen or
dry ice and acetone. The refrigerant to be used depends upon the freezing point of the contaminants. A variety
of cold traps are available from Welsh Vacuum Technology, Inc. SEE APPLICATION BOOKLET WITHIN
MANUAL THAT PROVIDES ADDITIONAL DETAILS ON WHEN TO USE TRAPS.

1.9b The Care of a Trap

When using a cold trap the refrigerant should be maintained at a high level in the flask to keep the trap at a
uniformly low temperature. If the trap is rewarded it may allow re-evaporation of the condense. The refrigerant
add tube on the liquid nitrogen trap should not be obstructed as the refrigerant boil-off can produce dangerously
high pressures. If the trap becomes saturated it should be disconnected from the system, drained and cleaned.
An increase in pressure in the vacuum system will normally indicate that the trap has become saturated. To clean
the trap, remove the trap from the system, allow the trap to warm up and rinse off the condense with a suitable
solvent in a fume hood. Thoroughly clean and dry the trap before reinstalling in the system.

1.10 Types Of Lubricants

All CHEMSTAR mechanical vacuum pumps are normally tested with DIRECTORR Gold oil and shipped with a
full charge to prevent unnecessary contamination. An additional supply of oil is furnished with each pump with
instructions to drain and discard the oil contaminated in the pump and replace with the fresh oil. DIRECTORR
Gold oil has been especially prepared and is ideally suited for use in mechanical vacuum pumps because of its
desirable viscosity, low vapor pressure and chemical stability.

The vacuum guarantee on all CHEMSTAR pumps applies only when DIRECTORR gold oil is used. Other
lubricants for special applications are available including various lubricants for oxygen compatibility, lubricants for
use with diffusion pumps as well as other special requirements. SEE APPLICATIONS BOOKLET IN
OWNERS MANUAL FOR OTHER LUBRICANTS USED FOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS SUCH
AS OXYGEN SERVICE.
Section 2: OPERATION

2.1 Starting Procedures

2.1a Starting a CHEMSTAR Pump
Before attaching the pump to a system it is well to familiarize yourself with the function and action of the pump
which you have now acquired. Remove the intake and exhaust port plugs and temporarily provide a stopper for
the intake and a dust cap for the exhaust. Review the power requirements as described in Paragraph 1.6.

2.1b Cleanliness
Take every precaution to prevent foreign particles from entering the pump. A fine mesh screen is provided for
this purpose in the intake passage of all CHEMSTAR pumps.

2.2 Leak Detection

2.2a Large Leaks
The importance of eliminating all leaks in a vacuum system is obvious when it is realized that a leak into the
system, at atmospheric pressure, expands in volume by a factor of 750,000 to 10,000,000 or more. The pump
must remove this added volume to maintain the desired vacuum. Fortunately a number of effective techniques
for leak detection have been developed. Large leaks can be located by pressurizing the system and painting the
suspected area with a thick soap solution. Escaping air will produce soap bubbles.

2.2b Small Leaks

Small leaks may also be detected by spraying a suspected area with acetone or gases rich in hydrogen, and
observing a sudden change in pressure on an electrical gauge. The difference in calibration of these gauges, for
air and other gases, will produce a distinct change in the pressure reading. To use this method of detection, the
system must be under vacuum and the gauge sensing tube must be located between the pump and the area to be
probed. Use extreme caution, as these materials are highly flammable!

2.2c Fine Leaks

Locating very fine leaks requires a helium-sensitive, mass-spectrometer leak detector. This instrument will
locate leaks which cannot be detected by any other method. Numerous fine leaks can have the total effect of a
large leak.

2.3 Shutdown Procdures

2.3a CHEMSTAR Pump Shutdown
A few simple precautions are all that is necessary when a shutdown is in order. If a gauge is connected to the
system, first isolate the gauge, then turn off the power and open the system to atmosphere. If the pumps removed
from the system, over the intake port with a rubber stopper or suitable cover to protect the pump against contami-
nation and loose particles. If the pump has been contaminated in service and is going to be shelved for a
prolonged period it is best to drain the oil and refill with a fresh charge.

2.4 The Principle of Gas Ballast

2.4a The Effects of Unwanted Vapor
Systems which contain undesirable vapors cause difficulty both from the standpoint of attaining desirable ultimate
pressures as well as contamination of the lubricating medium. A vapor is defined as the gaseous form of any
substance which is usually a liquid or a solid. Water, oil and mercury vapors are three of the more common
vapors encountered in typical vacuum systems. When such vapors exist in a system, the vapors or mixtures of
gas and vapor are subject to condensation within the pump; the precipitated liquid may thus ultimately dissolve or
become emulsified with the lubricating medium. This emulsion is recirculated to the chambers of the pump where
it is again volatilized causing increased pressure within the system.
2.4b The Presence and Removal of Condensate
Condensation takes place particularly in the compression stroke of the backing or second stage of a two-stage
pump. The compression stroke is that portion of the cycle during which the gas drawn from the intake port is
compressed to the pressure necessary to expel it past the exhaust valve. Condensation takes place when the
ratio between the initial pressure and the end pressure is compressed from a low pressure to a high pressure. By
adding air through the gas ballast valve to the mixture of vapor and gas being compressed, the pressure required
for delivery past the exhaust valve is reached with a considerably smaller reduction of the volume of the mixture;
thus, depending upon the amount of air added, condensation of the vapor is either entirely avoided or substantially
reduced.

2.4c Pump Function Without Gas Ballast

In a pump functioning on a contaminated system and operating without the gas ballast, compression within the
stage takes place in the normal manner until the saturation pressure of the contaminating vapor contained within
the mixture of gas and vapor is reached. The saturation pressure of water is that pressure and corresponding
temperature at which the dew point of the vapor is reached and condensation occurs. The saturation pressure of
water vapor at an ambient temperature of 20C is 17.5 torr, while at 60C, the approximate operating temperature
of a pump, the saturation pressure is 149 torr. The external side of the exhaust valve is subjected to atmospheric
pressure. Consequently a compressive force somewhat greater than atmospheric pressure is required to open
the valve and permit expulsion of the gas. Sometime during increased compression of the mixture of gas and
vapors, the saturation pressure of 149 torr for the water vapor is reached and the vapor condenses. The conden-
sate is then allowed to emulsify with the oil which is recirculated within the pump stages thus providing continued
contamination of the system.

2.4d Pump Function with Gas Ballast

On the other hand, when ballast air at atmospheric pressure is supplied to the compression stroke by means of the
gas ballast, the partial pressure of the unwanted vapor becomes a very small part of the total pressure of the
mixture of gas, vapor and newly supplied air. The vapor is thus prevented from reaching its saturation pressure
corresponding to the temperature of the pump and is finally expelled from the pump as a vapor.

2.4e Controlled Ballast Flow

Some degree of variation in ballast flow may be obtained by the amount of opening applied to the gas ballast. Two or
more turns of the gas ballast are sufficient to open it wide. With the gas ballast open, the sound of the exhaust is similar
to that of a pump operating against a large leak. Because of the increased pressure introduced into the compression
stroke, the pump must work a little hard to function, thus resulting in an increased operating temperature of approxi-
mately 8C over a prolonged period of time. Tests have shown that continuous and prolonged operation for several
weeks under these conditions is not injurious to the pump.

2.4f Other Forms of Contamination Control

The application of the gas ballast is a moderate and very successful method for the removal of condensable
vapors. For very heavily laden systems, other means of removal such as oil separators may be required. For mild
cases of contamination the simple expedient of a cold trap or a change of oil may serve the purpose.
Section 3: MAINTENANCE

3.1 Vacuum Problems

3.1a Pressure Determinations
Leakage, contamination and unusual outgassing are the general causes of problems associated with poor vacuum.
To operate at maximum efficiency a system must be thoroughly clean. If the system is completely clean and free
from leaks, and unwarranted vacuum problems still exist, the pump should be checked. A simple criterion for the
condition of a mechanical pump is a determination of its ultimate pressure capability. This can be accomplished
by attaching a gauge directly to the pump. The gauge may be any suitable type provided consideration is given to
the limitations of the gauge being used. Refer to Paragraph 1.8 for further suggestions. If the pressure is
unusually high, the pump may be badly contaminated, low on oil or malfunctioning. On the other hand, if the
pressure is only slightly higher than the guaranteed pressure of the pump, an oil change may be all that is required.

3.1b Oil Contamination

The most common cause of a loss in efficiency in a mechanical pump is contamination of oil. It is caused by
condensation of vapors and by foreign particles. The undesirable condensate emulsifies with the oil which is
recirculated and subjected to re-evaporation during the normal cycle of pump activity thus reducing the ultimate
vacuum attainable. Some foreign particles and vapors may form sludges with the oil, impair sealing and lubrica-
tion and cause eventual seizure. A gas ballast valve is helpful in removing vapors, especially water, but it is not
equally effective on all foreign substances; therefore, periodic oil changes will vary with the particular system.
Experience with the process will help you determine the normal period of operation before an oil change is
required. SEE APPLICATION BOOKLET WITHIN MANUAL THAT PROVIDES ADDITIONAL
DETAILS ON PREVENTING OIL CONTAMINATION.

3.1c Oil Overheating

This pump designed to operate continuously below 10 Torr. Continuous operation of this pump above 10 Torr will
lead to overheating and eventual pump failure.

3.2 Oil Changes and Oil Level

3.2a Draining the Pump
An oil change is mot easily accomplished when the pump is warm and the oil is less viscous. Use a container
large enough for the oil in the particular pump. Stop the pump, and open the drain valve. A thorough job may be
accomplished by tipping the pump slightly if this is possible. The small residue remaining in the pump may be
forced out by hand-rotating the pump pulley with the exhaust port partially closed and the intake port open.
Closing the exhaust port completely under these conditions will create excessive pressure at the drain valve
which may cause the oil being drained to splatter.

3.2b Flushing the Pump

SEE APPLICATION BOOKLET WITHIN OWNER’S MANUAL THAT DESCRIBES FORCED OIL
FLUSHING PROCEDURES TO REMOVE CONTAMINANTS FROM PUMPING MECHANISM.

3.2c Refilling the Pump

After you are satisfied that the pump has been thoroughly flushed, refill the pump by puring new DIRECTORR
Gold oil into the exhaust port. Fill to the indicated level and start the pump with the intake closed. A gurgling noise
is characteristic when high pressure air is drawn through the pump. It should disappear quickly as the pressure
within the pump is reduced. If gurgling continues, add sufficient additional oil through the exhaust port until
gurgling ceases.
3.3 Repairing Oil Leaks
3.3a Location, Cause and Effect

Oil leaks may develop wherever two mating faces are sealed with a gasket. Such seams may fail as the result of
deterioration of the gasket material, loosening of the screws caused by temperature variations, or improper care
as the result of previous reassembly. Typical gasketed seams in a mechanical pump are located at the oil level
window, the shaft seal, the oil drain, and the mating faces of such mechanical surfaces as the intake chamber
cover, the oil case, and the exhaust chamber cover. The important of a gasketed seam is determined principally
by its function. If it is a vacuum seal, the ultimate performance of the pump is dependent upon it. If it is an oil
seal, the pump may be operated satisfactorily for some time without loss of function. Eventually, of course, a
great loss of oil may cause harmful damage.

3.3b Repairing Technique

An oil seam may be sealed by any of several methods. When an O-ring is employed, the surfaces of the O-ring
and its groove should be wiped clean. If the O-ring is not badly deformed or scratched it may be reused by
sealing with a slight film of vacuum oil or vacuum grease. Thin composition gaskets are generally used for large
irregularly shaped areas. A replacement joint of this type should be thoroughly cleaned of all previous gasket
material and the mating surfaces cleaned of any nicks.

3.4 Repairing Vacuum Leaks

3.4a Surface Preparation
Good vacuum seals are an essential and important attribute of a good mechanical pump. A good seal is dependent
upon the quality of the mating surfaces as well as the sealant and its preparation. The mating faces should be
carefully inspected for any projections or foreign particles which might interfere with proper mating. Slight
projections such as nicks and burrs are most easily removed by rubbing with a fine abrasive stone. The surface
of the mating parts may be washed with a solvent or alcohol after which they must be thoroughly dried.

3.4b Temporary Repair

Temporary vacuum repairs are often made by covering the known leak with an industrial sealant such as Loctite
with teflon. Such a practice, however, is not recommended for seals of a permanent nature.

3.5 Drive Problems

If for any reason the pump will not operate, turn off the power and check the fuse and electrical connections.
Then try the power to the motor only by removing the belt. If the motor operates properly try hand-rotating the
pump in the proper direction with the pump intake port open. If both turn freely then replace the belt tension. The
tension should be sufficient to drive the pump without visible slippage. Any greater tension will cause noise and
possible damage to the bearings of both the motor and pump. Make certain that both pulley grooves are clean and
free from oil. The pulleys must be fastened securely on their respective shafts, and in parallel alignment.
Section 4: QUICK REFERENCE CHARTS
Section 5: PUMPING SPEED CURVES
Vacuum Pump 1400N

Vacuum Pump 1376N/1402N

Vacuum Pump 1374N

HIGH EFFICIENCY PUMPING CHARACTERISTIC OF DUOSEAL® PUMPS

The low RPM design of DuoSeal vacuum pumps makes it possible to maintain high puming
efficiencies into the low micron range. High RPM direct drive vacuum pumps, on the other
hand, experience a rapid fall off of pumping speed below 100 microns.

A comparison of the DuoSeal pumping speed curves shown below, versus high RPM pump
speed curves conclusively illustrates the superior performance of the DuoSeal pump.

What does that mean for the vacuum pump user? DuoSeal pumps provide considerable
faster pumpdown in the low micron range.
Section 6: MOUNTED PUMPS DIMENSIONAL DRAWINGS
All Dimensions are in Inches

Model 1400N-01 Model 1402N-01

Model 1376N-01 Model 1374N-01

Section 7: PARTS LIST AND EXPLODED VIEWS

PARTS LIST FOR 1400N

ITEM QTY P/N A* B* DESCRIPTION ITEM QTY P/N A* B* DESCRIPTION
1 1 2-01-9306 Soc. Hd. Screw 5/16 - 18x3/8 36 1 61-8674 Intake Ring
2 1 41-2191 Pulley Including Set Screw Item 1 37 1 41-1041 Intake Rotor
3 1 41-3696 Shaft Seal 38 2 41-1063 2 2 Spring Holder
4 1 41-0643 Shaft Seal Gasket 39 4 61-8559A 4 4 Vane Spring
5 1 41-0624 1 1 Pulley Key 40 4 41-1059 4 Vane, Metal
6 1 41-1060 Shaft 41 5 2-01-0112 Hex. Hd.. Cap Screw 1/4 - 20x3/4
7 1 41-1150 1 1 Retaining Ring 42 1 41-1042 Exhaust Ring
8 2 41-0613 2 2 Woodruff Key 43 3 2-00-6712 Soc Hd Screw 10-32x3/4
9 1 2-00-2704 Fil. Hd. SS Screw 10-32x1/4 44 1 41-0578 1 1 Lip Seal
10 2 61-8682 Leg 45 1 61-8102A Flange For G.B. Valve
11 6 41-1138 Washer, Copper 7/16 OD 46 1 61-8103 1 1 O-Ring Viton
12 1 41-3753 Oil Sight 47 2 61-8362 Soc. Hd. Screw 8 - 32x1
13 1 41-1742 1 1 O-Ring #011 48 1 61-8266 Tee 1/4 NTP
14 1 61-8548C Oil Case Assy. (see note below) 49 1 41-1734 Drain Valve
15 2 61-8384 Plug, 1/4 NTP 50 1 2-01-0120 Hex. Hd. Cap Screw 1/4 - 20x1-1/4
16 1 61-8355B 1 1 Oil Case Gasket 51 1 41-1736 Gas Ballast Valve incl. item 13
17 9 2-01-0332 Hex. Hd. Cap Screw 5/16 - 18x1-1/2 52 4 2-01-0308 Hex. Hd. Screw 5/16 - 18x1/2
18 9 41-2363 Washer 53 2 2-61-0571 Steel Washer .071 x 3/8 I.D.
19 1 41-1045 Back Endplate 54 2 61-2159A 1 1 O-Ring, Viton #116
20 1 41-1040 Exhaust Rotor 55 1 61-8348A 1 1 Baffle Stud
21 1 61-1239 1 1 Exhaust Valve 56 1 61-8347B Exhaust Baffle
22 2 2-71-0040 2 2 Brass Washer #10 57 1 61-8100A Valve Adapter
23 8 41-1056 Aluminum Washer 58 1 61-8101A Connector
24 1 41-1039 Vented Exhaust Plug 59 1 41-2757 Locknut
25 1 61-8678 Center Plate 60 2 62-0118 2 2 O-Ring, Tetr., #013
26 1 41-1285 Steel Washer 61 1 61-8382 Union
27 1 41-0890 1 1 Air Filter 62 1 61-8327B Bubbler Tube
28 1 41-0383 1 1 Gasket, Intake Chamber 65 1 62-0121 Washer, SS
29 1 61-8676 Intake Chamber 66 1 62-1141 Plug
30 2 61-8464A Adapter, NW16 67 1 61-8665 1 1 O-Ring, M2 .5x86, Viton
31 2 2-01-0524 Hex. Hd. Cap Screw 3/8 - 16x1-1/2 68 1 61-9378 1 1 O-Ring, #152, Viton
32 1 61-8701 Back Endplate 69 1 66-0183 1 1 O-Ring, #120, Viton
33 1 61-8672 End Cap 1401E-01 1 1 Shaft Seal Kit**
34 5 2-00-2706 Hex. Hd. Screw 10 - 32x3/8 1-99-5282 1 1 Sealant, 6cc
35 2 2-31-2521 Hex. Nut 3/8x16

Note:Oil Case Assy. Item # 14 Includes Items # 10, 12, 15, 30, 48, 49, 52 , 54,
60, 61, 62, 65 & 66

A*: MAJOR REPAIR KIT CAT# 1400K-10 67-0903

B*: MINOR REPAIR KIT CAT# 1400K-09 Sheet 1 of 2
** 1401E-01 is a shaft seal repair kit, it includes a shaft seal, gasket, and 3 screws Rev. 2 6/04
 PARTS LIST FOR 1402N
ITEM QTY P/N A* B* DESCRIPTION ITEM QTY P/N A* B* DESCRIPTION
01 1 61-8113C Intake Ring 43 1 61-8329A Air Filter Bracket
02 3 2-61-0000 Steel Washer 3/16 size 44 6 2-01-0316 Hex Head Cap Screw 5/16-18x1
03 3 2-31-0112 Hex Steel Nut 45 1 61-8382 Union
04 1 61-8315A 1 1 Valve Block Spacer 46 2 61-8465A Intake Adapter NW25
05 2 61-8314A 2 2 Valve 47 2 61-9284A 2 2 O-ring, Fluoroelast. #214
06 2 41-2158 2 2 Valve Spring 48 1 61-8279B 1 1 Oil Case Gasket
07 1 2-01-8128 Headless Steel Set Screw 49 2 62-0118 2 2 O-Ring, Fluoroelast. #013
08 1 61-8313A Valve Block 50 1 61-8102A Flange for Gas Ballast Valve
09 1 61-2372 Filler Plug 51 1 41-1736 Gas Ballast Valve
10 1 61-8316A Baffle Plate 52 2 61-8362 Socket Head Screw 8-32x1
11 1 2-36-9900 Nut, Lock 1/4-20 53 1 61-8319B Oil Case Assy. Incl. Item
12 3 2-00-2706 Fil. Head Screw 10-32x3/8 16,45,49,56,59,75,76,78,79,80,81
13 1 61-2159A 1 1 O-Ring, Fluoroelast. #116 54 1 41-2757 Lock Nut
14 1 41-2175 Headless Steel Setscrew 55 1 61-8103 1 1 O-ring, Fluoroelast. #905-75
15 1 41-2092 Intake Rotor 56 2 61-2229A Glass Window
16 1 61-8266 Tee 1/4 NPT 57 1 61-8100A Gas Ballast Valve Adapter
17 1 61-8250C Center Plate 58 1 61-8101A Gas Ballast Valve Connector
18 1 41-1742 1 1 O-ring, Fluoroelast. #011 59 1 41-1734 Drain Valve
19 2 2-01-6320 Socket Head Screw 5/16-18x1-1/4 60 6 61-8456A 6 6 Washer Copper 5/16
20 1 41-2154 1 1 Lower Exhaust Valve 61 2 41-1056 Washer
21 1 61-8310A Pressure Release Duct, Part 2 62 2 41-0613 2 2 Woodruff Key
22 1 41-0992 1 1 Pressure Release Valve 63 1 41-2093 Shaft
23 6 41-2363 Washer 64 2 41-0624 2 2 Woodruff Key
24 6 2-01-0356 Hex Head Screw 5/16-18x3-1/2 65 1 41-0508 1 1 Thrust washer
25 3 62-0259 Self Tap Screw #6x1/4 Type ‘A’ 66 1 61-8669 Large End Plate
26 1 61-8309B Pressure Release Duct Part 1 67 10 2-63-0193 Split Lock Washer
27 1 41-0672 End Cap 68 10 2-01-0114 Hex Head Cap Screw 1/4-20x3/4
28 1 4-40-1200 1 1 Steel Ball 3/8 69 1 41-0660 1 1 Air Filter
29 1 41-2045 Small End Plate 70 1 41-0643 Seal Gasket
30 1 61-8108D Exhaust Ring 71 1 1401D-01 1 1 Shaft Lip Seal Kit include items 70 & 77
31 1 41-1518 Exhaust Rotor 72 2 41-1685 2 2 Spring Holder - Intake
32 6 61-8559A 6 6 Vane Spring 73 3 41-1766 3 3 Thrust Disc
33 2 41-1487 2 Small Vane 74 1 4-06-0754 1 1 Truarc Ring
34 1 41-0696 1 1 Vane Spring Holder-Exhaust 75 1 61-8321B Bubbler Tube
35 2 41-0959 2 Large Vane 76 2 61-8384 Plug 1/4 NTP
36 1 41-2074 Pulley inc. set screw, Item 37 77 3 2-00-6712 Socket Head Screw 10-32x3/4
37 1 2-01-9306 Socket Head Set Screw 78 1 62-0121 SS Washer
38 1 61-8670 Large End Plate Cover 79 2 61-2370 Cover, Window
39 1 41-2153 1 1 Upper Exhaust Valve 80 2 66-0304 2 2 O-Ring, Fluoroelast. #127
40 1 2-01-5106 Round Head Steel Screw 1/4-20x 3/8 81 4 61-2232 Flat Head Screw 8-32x1/2
41 4 2-01-6112 Socket Screw 1/4-20x3/4 82 1 62-1141 Plug
42 1 61-8278A 1 1 Intake Chamber Cover Gasket 1-99-5282 1 1 Sealant, 6cc

A*: MAJOR REPAIR KIT CAT # 1402K-10

B*: MINOR REPAIR KIT CAT # 1402K-09
** 1401D-01 is a shaft seal kit and includes a shaft seal, gasket, and 3 screws
67-0902
Sheet 1 of 2
Rev. 11 6/04
 PARTS LIST FOR 1376N
ITEM QTY P/N A* B* DESCRIPTION ITEM QTY P/N A* B* DESCRIPTION
01 1 41-2074 Pulley incl. item 2 44 2 2-01-8128 Set Screw 1/4-20x1-3/4
02 1 2-01-9306 Socket Head Set Screw 5/16-18x3/8 45 6 2-31-0112 Hex Nut 1/4-20x3/16x7/16
03 1 1401D-01 1 1 Shaft Lip Seal Kit includes items 4 & 5** 46 4 61-8314A 4 4 Block Valve
04 1 41-0643 Seal Gasket 47 4 41-2158 4 4 Valve Spring
05 3 2-00-2706 Fil. Head Screw 10-32x3/8 48 2 61-8313A Valve Block
06 1 61-8684 Large End Plate 49 2 61-8315A 2 2 SS Valve Block Spacer
07 1 61-8670 Intake Cover 50 1 61-8102A Flange For G.B. Valve
08 1 61-8278A 1 1 Intake Cover Gasket 51 3 2-00-6712 Socket Head Screw 10-32x3/4
09 4 2-01-6112 Socket Head Screw 1/4-20x3/4 52 1 61-8368B Baffle Plate
10 1 41-1692 1 1 Intake Screen 53 2 41-2175 Setscrew (Special)
11 1 61-8329A Intake Screen Bracket 54 1 61-8686 Oil Case Spacer
12 6 41-2363 Washer 55 1 61-8319B Oil Case Assy.incl.63,67,76,77,78,79,80
13 3 2-01-6316 Socket Head Screw 5/16-18x1 56 2 61-8362 Socket Head Screw 8-32x1
14 2 61-8465A Adapter NW25 57 1 61-8100A Gas Ballast Valve Adapter
16 1 62-1141 Plug 58 1 61-8103 1 1 O-Ring, Fluoroelast. #905
17 2 61-8279B 2 2 Oil Case Gasket- Fluoroelast. 59 1 41-1736 Gas Ballast Valve incl. item 64
18 10 62-0015 Socket Head Screw 1/4-20x3-1/8 60 6 61-8456A Washer Copper 5/16
19 1 41-0508 1 1 Thrust Washer 61 2 41-1056 Washer
20 1 41-1683 Shaft 62 10 2-63-0193 Split Lock Washer 1/4
21 1 41-0624 1 1 Pulley Key 63 2 61-2229A Glass Window
22 1 41-1688 Large Ring 64 1 41-1742 1 1 O-Ring, Fluoroelast. #011
23 1 41-1682 Large Rotor 65 3 41-1766 Thrust Disk
24 2 41-1684 2 Large Vane 66 1 61-8101A Gas Ballast Connector
25 3 41-0696 3 3 Spring Holder 67 1 41-1734 Drain Valve
26 6 61-8559A 6 6 SS Vane Spring 68 1 41-2757 Lock Nut
27 1 61-8250C Center Plate 69 2 66-0304 2 2 O-Ring, Fluoroelast. #127
28 2 2-36-9900 Lock Nut 1/4-20 70 1 2-01-5106 Round Head Screw 1/4-20x3/8
29 2 2-01-6320 Socket Head Screw 5/16-18x1-1/4 71 1 61-8311A 1 1 SS Upper Exhaust Valve
30 1 41-1518 Exhaust Rotor 72 2 61-2370 Cover, Window
31 2 41-1487 2 Small Vane 73 3 2-01-0316 Hex Head Screw 5/16-18x1
32 2 41-0613 2 2 Woodruff Key 74 1 61-2372 Filler Plug
33 1 61-8108D Exhaust Ring 75 1 61-2159A 1 1 O-Ring, Fluoroelast. #115
34 1 41-2045 Small End Plate 76 1 61-8266 Tee 1/4 NTP
35 1 41-0672 End Cap 77 2 62-0118 2 2 O-Ring, Fluoroelast. #013
36 1 61-8310A Pressure Release Duct Part 2 78 1 61-8382 Union
37 1 4-40-1200 1 1 Steel Ball 79 2 61-8384 Plug 1/4 NTP
38 1 61-8262A 1 1 SS Pressure Release Valve 80 1 61-8321B Bubbler Tube
39 1 61-8309B Pressure Release Tube Part 1 81 1 62-0121 SS Washer
40 3 62—0259 Bd. Head Sheet Metal Screw #6x1/4 82 4 61-2232 Flat Hd Screw 8-32x1/2
41 6 2-01-0356 Hex Head Screw 5/16-18x3-1/2 83 2 61-9284A 2 2 O-Ring, Fluoroelast. #214
42 1 61-8312A 1 1 SS Lower Exhaust Valve 1-99-5282 1 1 Sealant 6cc
43 3 2-61-0000 Steel Washer 1/4 size
A*: MAJOR REPAIR KIT CAT # 1376K-10
B*: MINOR REPAIR KIT CAT # 1376K-09
** 1401D is mechanical seal kit includes mechanical seal, gasket and 3 screws
67-0901
Sheet 1 of 2
Rev. 13 6/04
 PARTS LIST FOR 1374N
ITEM QTY P/N A* B* DESCRIPTION ITEM QTY P/N A* B* DESCRIPTION
01 1 2-01-9306 Set Screw 5/16-18x3/8 47 2 61-8362 Soc Hd Screw 8-32x1
02 1 41-1492 Pulley incl. Item 1 48 1 61-8101A Connector for GB Valve
03 4 2-01-6116 Soc Hd Screw ¼-20x1 50 1 61-8264B Oil Case Assy. Incl. Items 16, 17,18,
04 1 1401F-01 1 1 Shaft Seal incl. (1)Item5&(4)Item3 . 19, 20, 21, 22, 46, 54, 67 & 68
05 1 61-8601A Seal Gasket 51 4 62-0213 Soc Hd. Screw 5/16-18x1-3/4
06 2 41-1490 2 2 Woodruff Key 52 1 61-8102A Flange For GB Valve
07 1 41-1484 Shaft & Collar 53 1 61-8103 1 1 O-Ring #3-905 Viton
08 2 61-8694 2 2 Leg 54 1 41-1734 Drain Valve
09 7 2-01-6324 Soc Hd. Screw 5/16-18x1-1/2 55 5 62-0222 Soc Hd Screw 5/16-18x2-3/4
10 38 41-2363 Steel Washer 56 3 2-00-2706 Flat Hd Screw 10-32x3/8
11 3 41-1137 Plug Washer 57 1 41-0672 Shaft End Cap
12 2 41-1136 Plug 58 1 41-0992 1 1 SS Pressure Relief Valve
13 1 61-8769 Large End Plate 59 1 4-40-1200 1 1 Steel Ball 3/8 Dia
14 1 41-0055 Spacer 60 1 41-1500 Small End Plate
15 2 2-00-2704 Fil Hd Screw 10-32x1/4 61 1 41-1497 Exhaust Ring
16 2 61-8384 Pipe Plug ¼ NTP 62 1 41-1499 Exhaust Rotor
17 1 61-8266 Tee ¼ NTP 63 1 41-0696 1 1 Small Spring Holder
18 1 61-8321B Bubbler Tube 64 2 61-8559A 2 2 Small Vane Spring
19 1 61- 8382 Bulkhead Union ¼ Tube 65 2 41-1487 2 Small Vane Metal
20 1 62-1141 Plug 66 2 2-01-0316 Hex Hd Screw 5/16-18x1
21 2 62-0118 2 2 O-Ring, Tetra. #013 67 2 61-8466A Adapter NW40
22 1 62-0121 Washer, SS 68 2 61-8475 2 2 O-Ring #224 Viton
23 1 61-8270A Cover 69 4 2-01-6314 Soc Hd Screw 5/16-18x7/8
24 1 61-8606A 1 1 Valve Gasket 70 1 61-8690 Intake Chamber
25 1 41-1736 Gas Balast Valve incl. Item 45 71 1 61-8602A 1 1 Intake Chamber Gasket
26 1 41-2258 Hardened Sleeve ¼ Size 72 1 41-0937 1 1 Screen Filter
27 1 61-8538A 1 1 Valve Backer 73 1 61-8690 Large Ring
28 4 2-61-0000 Steel Washer 3/16 Bolt Size 74 1 41-1478 Large Rotor
29 4 2-31- 0112 Hex Steel Nut ¼-20x7/16 75 2 41-1489 2 2 Large Spring Holder
30 1 61-8604A Discharge Valve Cover 76 4 61-8609A 4 4 Large Vane Spring
31 1 61-8688 Center Plate 77 2 41-1477 2 Large Vane Metal
32 1 41-2161 1 1 SS Exhaust Valve 79 2 2-01-6320 Soc Hd Screw 5/16-18x1-1/4
33 2 2-01-0120 Hex Hd Screw ¼-20x1-1/4 81 1 41-1516 1 1 Key for Small Rotor
34 1 61-8592B Cover 82 4 41-1056 4 4 Aluminum Washer
35 1 2-01-8132 Headless Screw ¼-20x2 83 1 41-1469 1 1 Spacer Disk
36 1 61-8310A 1 1 Pressure Release Tube Part 2 84 1 2-63-0193 Split Lock Washer ¼
37 1 61-8595B Baffle Assy. 85 1 61-8607A Coil Spring
38 1 61-8309B 1 1 Pressure Release Tube Part 1 86 1 41-2257 Hardened Sleeve 5/16 Size
39 3 62-0259 Bd Hd Screw #6x1/4 87 1 61-8605A 1 1 Spacer
40 1 61-8603C 1 1 Viton Oil Case Gasket 89 1 61-8100A GB Valve Adapter
41 1 2-01-0344 Hex Hd Screw 5/16-18x2-3/4 90 1 2-69-7007 SS Washer 11/32x11/16x1/16
42 1 61-8539A 1 1 Valve Flapper 91 1 61-8608A 1 1 Coil Spring
43 22 2-01-6316 Soc Hd. Screw 5/16-18x1 92 1 41-2757 Lock Nut
45 1 41-1742 1 1 O-ring #011 Viton 93 1 41-2165 Guard Stud
46 2 41-3753 Oil Sight 94 1 61-8712 1 1 O-Ring #372 Viton
1-99-5282 1 1 Sealant, 6 cc
67-0904
A*: MAJOR REPAIR KIT CAT. # 1374K-12 Sheet 1 of 2
B*: MINOR REPAIR KIT CAT .# 1374K-11 Rev. 2 6/04
Section 8: MSDS for Welch 8995G Gold Vacuum Pump Oil
Section 9: ACCESSORY SECTION

Coaxial Traps
• Reduces oil backstreaming • Stainless steel construction • Easy replacement of elements

ISO Size Capacity Diameter Height A2 Cat. No. 1

NW16 To 4 CFM (140 L/min) 3.75 5.25 8.25 541001
NW 25 To 12 CFM (340 L/min) 5.50 5.25 8.25 541001
NW40 To 25 CFM (710 L/min) 5.50 5.25 8.25 541001
Copper Element for ISO NW 16 Trap 1. 541001
Stainless Steel Element for ISO NW 16 Trap 1. 541001
Copper Element for ISO NW 25 and NW 40 Traps 1. 541001
Stainless Steel Element for ISO NW 25 and NW 40 Traps 1. 541001
1. Element must be ordered with trap.
2. Distance between ISO NW inlet and outlet connections.

Modular Sieve Traps

• Blocks backstreaming by absorbing hydrocarbons. • Regenerates charge using built-in heater.
• Removes trace amounts of water vapor.

ISO Size Capacity Diameter Height A2 Cat. No. 1

NW16 To 8 CFM (140 L/min) 4.50 6.38 9.00 543001
NW 25 To 8 CFM (226 L/min) 4.50 6.38 9.00 543002
NW40 To 17 CFM (481 L/min) 4.50 9.00 9.00 543003
Synthetic Zeolite Charge 1. 543950
Activated Alumina Charge 1. 543960
1. Element must be ordered with trap.
2. Distance between ISO NW inlet and outlet connections.

Dry Ice Cold Traps

• Removable 3 quarter center well for dry ice/alcohol slurry (do not use acetone)
• Visible trapping surface
• Cold temperature up to 12 hours depending on vapor load
• Available with straight tube connections

ISO Size Diameter Height A 1. I/O Offset Cat. No. Repl. Seal Cat. No.
NW 16 10 8.25 11.06 3.5 545001 545200
NW 25 10 8.25 11.06 3.5 545002 545200
NW 40 10 8.25 11.06 3.5 545003 545200
Straight Tube
½ O.D. 10 8.25 10.75 3.5 1420H-14 545200
1. Distance between ISO NW inlet and outlet connections.

Liquid Nitrogen Cold Traps

• A highly efficient method of trapping condensible vapors
• Produces a lower mechanical vacuum pump base pressure
• Allows quick clean-up of the trapping surface with the two-piece clamped body design

ISO Size Capacity Diameter Height A 1. Cat. No.

NW 16 0.75 Liter 5.5 11.00 7.0 546001
NW 25 0.75 Liter 5.5 11.00 7.0 546002
NW 40 1.65 Liter 7.5 13.75 9.0 546003
1. Distance between Iso NW inlet and outlet connections.
Dimensions are in inches.
 USING YOUR CHEMSTAR® PUMP
WITH CORROSIVE GASES
3rd Edition

Applications Booklet

Welch Rietschle Thomas

7301 North Central Avenue
Skokie, IL 60077
Phone: (847) 676-8800
Fax: (847) 677-8606 (Technical Support)
Fax: (920) 451-4397 (Ordering)
E-Mail: [email protected]
Web-Page: www.welchvacuum.com

Copyright© 1993-2003 Welch Rietschle Thomas

CHEMSTAR® is a registered trademark of Welch Rietschle Thomas
 USING YOUR CHEMSTAR VACUUM PUMP WITH CORROSIVE GASES
Thank you for choosing the CHEMSTAR vacuum pump from Welch Vacuum Technology, Inc. This unique vacuum pump
line was designed to give you the maximum possible service life when evacuating corrosive gases. However, corrosive gases
can cause damage to the most rugged vacuum pump in an improperly configured or improperly operated vacuum system.
Please refer to the recommendations made in the following pages for operating your CHEMSTAR vacuum pump successfully
when pumping corrosive gases.

Table of Contents
Section 1. Health & Safety

Section 2. Building a Vacuum System to Handle Corrosive Gases

A. Selecting The Correct Vacuum Pump Oil
B. Connecting Your CHEMSTAR Pump to the Vacuum System
C. Types of Accessories Available
D. Insuring An Adequate Exhaust System

Section 3. Operating a Vacuum System Containing Corrosive Gases

A. Removal of Condensable Corrosive Gases Using the Gas Ballast
B. Diluting Corrosive Gases
C. Dry Nitrogen Purging of Oil Case

Section 4. Recommendations for Pumping Corrosive Gases

A. Strong Acids: Hydrochloric Acid (HCI), Hydrogen Bromide (HBr),
Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4), Nitric Acid (HNO3)
B. Weak Acids: Acetic Acid (HOAC), Carbonic Acid (H2CO3 )
C. Halogens: Chlorine (CL2), Bromine (Br2)
D. Formaldehyde (CH20)
E. Trifluoroacetic Acid (F3CCO2H)
F. Ozone (O3)
G. Anhydrides:
SOX - Sulfur Trioxide (SO3) & Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
H. Fragments of Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) Carbon
Tetrafluoride (CF4) etc.
I. Special Note: Pumping oxygen
***Perfluoropolyethers Oil Needed In Pump***

Section 5. Recommendations for Pumping Particulate-Containing Gas Streams

A. Particulate Trap With A Filter Element
B. Oil Filtration System

Section 6. Extending Service Life of CHEMSTAR through Proper Maintenance

A. Developing A Maintenance Schedule
B. Forced Oil Flushing

Section 7. Chemical Properties of Corrosive Gases

Section 8. Troubleshooting Your CHEMSTAR Pump

Section 1. Health & Safety
The pumping of corrosive gases not only can shorten the service life of a vacuum pump, but also if not operated properly,
it can be hazardous to you and personnel around you. Throughout this application booklet, special safety precautions
which must be observed during installation and operation of the CHEMSTAR vacuum pump.

Warnings: A warning signifies that failure to observe the instructions provided can lead to injury or death to
personnel.
Cautions: A caution signifies that failure to observe the instruction can result in damage to equipment.

Welch provides these WARNING and CAUTION notes to make you cognizant of the consequences of failing to observe
the instructions provided. Failure to observe these instructions can impact your safety and that of others in the vicinity
of the pump. In addition, failure to observe these instructions can lead to significantly shortened service live of the
vacuum pump.
You must be aware of and understand the proper procedures before working with the vacuum pump. A review of all your
operating procedures of your complete vacuum system, not only the vacuum pump, by safety officials at your facility
prior to start-up is strongly recommended by Welch.

Section 2. Building a Vacuum System to Handle Corrosive Gases

A. Selecting the Correct Vacuum Pump Oil
Oil has four important roles in your vacuum pump:
(1) The oil lubricates moving mechanical components such as the lip seal, and vanes.
(2) The oil provides the seal between rotor and stator.
(3) The oil facilitates the opening of the exhaust valves during final compression
(4) The oil removes the heat generated during compression.
Now knowing the oil’s role in your vacuum pump, you can see why the oil chosen will have a dramatic impact on the
service life of your CHEMSTAR vacuum pump. For this reason, Welch recommends DIRECTORR® Gold Oil be used with
each CHEMSTAR pump when pumping corrosive gases.
DIRECTORR Gold is a totally new type of hydrocarbon oil which is a formulated oil rather than refined base stock oil.
This product was developed to replace costly perfluoropolyether oils such as Fomblin® and Krytox® in non-oxygen
enriched systems.
Several reasons exist for why DIRECTORR Gold is a superior hydrocarbon oil for corrosive gas applications compared to
standard hydrocarbon oil. These reasons are:
(1) Less reactive to chemical attack.DIRECTORR Gold is a highly saturated and hydrogenated oi which creates a high
purity product. By vacuum distilling off a narrow fraction of this oil, Welch has produced an oil with more single
bonds than other oils. Fewer double bonds make it a less reactive oil.
(2) Exceptional resistance to water emulsification. Since the oil is saturated it exhibits less water emulsification compared
to standard distilled pump oils. Since water may be in your corrosive gas stream, less water emulsification facilitates
passage of corrosive gases out of the pump rather than residing in water logged oil.
(3) Low phosphorus content. Phosphorus is one of the most reactive elements present in hydrocarbon oil.
DIRECTORR Gold has less than 1 ppm of phosphorus where as standard vacuum distilled oil typically has 3000 to
4000 ppm. Some corrosive gases will combine with phosphorous and under pump operation breakdown oils forming
acidic sludge.

CAUTION
Theuse of standard Hydrocarbon vacuum pump oil can cause
premature failure of CHEMSTAR pumps

WARNING
DIRECTORR Gold Oil is not inert and should not be used in environments
involving a high percentage of oxygen. The use of Directoor Gold Oil for
pumping a high percentage of oxygen can lead to a pump fire
and injury to personnel.
If the flow of strong acids or halogens exceeds 10% of gas flow, you must switch to a perfluoropolyethers such as
Fomblin Y06/6 (Welch Cat. Nos. 1408C-06, 1 Kg; 1408C-08, 2Kg) - Fomblin is a registered trademark of Ausimont. In
addition, if ozone is pumped and its concentration exceeds 100 ppm of the gas flow, a perfluoropolyether oil must be used.
Perfluoropolyethers are very resistant to chemical attach by strong acids.

CAUTION
Failure to use Fomblin Y06/6 in applications where strong acids, halogens
or ozone exceed recommended gas flow limits given will lead to degradation
of the DIRECTORR gold oil and to the CHEMSTAR pump failing.

B. Connecting your CHEMSTAR Pump to the Vacuum System

The choice of connections and fittings can have a very marked effect on the pumping speed at the vacuum chamber. Any
connection placed between the pump and the chamber creates and impedance to the flow of gas. This is particularly true
at low pressures in the millitorr range where the gas flow is substantially molecular in character. The gas flow is then
dependent upon the kinetic activity of the molecules to bring it to the intake of the pump.
It has been shown that the conductance of a tube is proportional to the cube of its diameter and inversely proportional to
its length. Thus, it is critical that the connecting lines be as large in diameter and as short in length as practical. For best
results, the diameter of the connecting tube should be at least as large as the diameter of the pump intake. To avoid a
large reduction in pumping speed at the vacuum chamber. The conductance of the line must be greater than the speed of
the pump.

C. Types of Accessories Available for Your CHEMSTAR Pump

Protective accessories may be needed for heavy corrosive gas loads which may contain particulates. In Section 4,
recommendations are given which detail when these accessories should be used. Below is a description of these
accessories and how they work.

C 1. Oil Filtration System

The oil filtration system, Cat. No. 1418G, is designed for removing oil from the oil back to the oil reservoir. The whole
process occurs via tubes that connect the oil filtration system to the CHEMSTAR pump. The oil filtration system works
continuously while the CHEMSTAR pump is pumping on the corrosive gases.
This compact, portable, self-contained oil filtration system does not affect the pumping speed or ultimate pressure
obtainable by the CHEMSTAR pump it is attached to. The system actually will work to maintain the CHEMSTAR pump’s
performance when pumping corrosive gases by keeping the oil clean.
Depending on the element chosen, the oil filtration system will continuously remove acids, alkali and/or particulates. The
elements available are as follows:
Cellulose Element, Cat. No. 1418G-01. Oil Filtration System Cat. No. 1418G comes with the cellulose element. The element
is 100% cellulose. The element is designed for use with DIRECTORR Gold oil where moderate amounts of particulate and
acidic contamination are generated. The element should NOT be used with perfluoropolyethers such as Fomblin Y06/06.
The cellulose element will remove essentially all abrasive particulates 0.1 micrometers and larger. The cellulose element will
also simultaneously absorb up to 250 cc of hydrous acids, ammonium hydroxide and water.
Activated Alumina element, Cat No. 1418G-02. The element is designed for applications where substantial quantities of
acidic contamination are generated. The fabric making up the element is hydrophilic and has been impregnated with a
slurry of finely divided activated alumina. The element will also remove particulates that 0.1 micrometers and larger. The
element will absorb ammonium hydroxide, hydrous acids and water. The element will also absorb or neutralize Lewis
Acids such as aluminin chloride (AICI3). The element is suitable for use with DIRECTORR Gold oil and
perfluoropolyethers such as Fomblin Y06/06.
The specifications for the oil filtration system model 1418G are as follows:

Electrical Requirements: 115/230V, 50/60 Hz, 1 Ph

Oil Required To Charge System: Less than 1 Liter
Connecting Tubing: 5 ft. long, 3/8” ID, High Pressure Synthetic Material, Rated at 300°
Synthetic Material, Rated at 300°F
Hose Ends: Quick-Snap, Dripless Disconnects, ¼” NPT female
Pressure Gauge: 0 to 100 PSI
Motor: 1/20 HP, TEFC, Thermal Overload Protected
Oil Flow Rate: 0.4 LPM@1650 RPM
Overall Size: 11 “L x 6”W x 10” H (27.9 cm L x 15.2 cm W x 25.4 cm H)
Shipping Weight: 18 lbs. (8.2 Kg)

C 2. Acid Neutralization Trap

The acid neutralization trap features a transparent sump which contains an element which neutralizes hydrous acids. The
element consists of alkaline material contained within stainless steel end caps and screens.
The trap comes in two sizes. Cat No. 1420H-21 uses a 4.5 inch deep sump and is used with CHEMSTAR Model 1400N-01.
Cat. No. 1420H-20 uses a 9.5 inch deep sump and is used with CHEMSTAR Models 1402N-01, 1376N-01, and 1374N-01.
Acid neutralization traps are used in applications where the ultimate pressure required is greater than 0.01 Torr (10 microns
of Hg). The acid neutralization trap somewhat limits the achievable ultimate pressure and pumping speed of the
CHEMSTAR pump. The ultimate pressure limitation is brought on by the degassing characteristics of the element. The
pumping speed is limited since the trap will provide resistance to gas flow (See Section 2 B.)
The white alkaline material making up the element turns a bluish-purple when spent. The color change is visible due to
the transparent nature of the sump containing it.
If water vapor is evolved from your applications, such as in freeze drying, Welch recommends a cold trap be placed
between the vacuum chamber and the acid neutralization trap. The cold trap will knock out the water vapor and prevent it
from saturating the acid neutralization trap’s alkaline element.

CAUTION
When pumping heavy water vapor loads, failure to place a cold trap between
the vacuum chamber and the acid neutralization will lead to rapidly saturated
element and reduced effectiveness of the acid neutralization trap.

Welch offers two types of cold traps - dry ice slurry or liquid nitrogen traps. For CHEMSTAR pump models 1402N-01 or
1376N-01, the dry ice slurry trap cat. No. is 545002 and for the liquid nitrogen trap the cat. No. is 546002. For model 1400N-
01, the dry ice slurry trap cat. No. is 545001 and for the liquid nitrogen trap the cat. No. is 546001. For model 1374N-01, the
dry ice slurry trap cat. No. 545003 and for the liquid nitrogen trap the cat. No. is 546003. Call Welch Technical Service at
847-676-8800 for recommendations on the piping connections need to connect the traps to your vacuum chamber.

CAUTION
Welch recommends isopropyl alcohol, NOT acetone, be used to make the
dry ice slurry. Acetone will discolor and eventually weaken the Plexiglas
cover on the dry ice slurry trap.

Cat. No. 1420E-02 is the replacement element for acid neutralization trap, Cat. No. 1420H-21, with the 4.5 inch sump.
Cat No. 1420E-01 is the replacement element for acid neutralization trap, Cat. No. 1420H-20, with the 9.5 inch sump.

The acid neutralization trap may be installed vertically or horizontally.

C 3. Hermetically Sealed Oil Mist Eliminator
When pumping corrosive gases, you are striving to have them pass with a short residence time through the pump and out
the exhaust port. An oil mist eliminator will coalesce the oil mist evolving from the CHEMSTAR pump and have the oil
drain back into the pump. The use of an oil mist eliminator is particularly important when expensive perfluoropolyethers,
such as Fomblin Y06/06, are used. The corrosive gases continue to pass through the mist eliminator and out to your
exhaust system (for example, hose running to a fume hood).
A hermetically sealed mist eliminator is recommended rather than a standard exhaust filter for corrosive gas applications.
Hermetically sealed mist eliminators are designed to coalesce the oil mist but not leak corrosive gases. Standard exhaust
filters are not designed to contain the corrosive gases before passing into your exhaust system.

WARNING
Failing to use a hermetically sealed mist eliminator tied to an exhaust system
can lead to the leaking of corrosive gases into the work area. The leakage
can be harmful to personnel in and around the work area.

Welch offers a compact, hermetically sealed in-line oil mist eliminator - cat no. 1416D for Models 1400N-01, 1402N-01 and
1376N-01. For Model 1374N-01, the cat no. of the mist eliminator is Model 1416F. The oil mist eliminator automatically
drains coalesced pump oil back into the CHEMSTAR pump. The replacement element for Model 1416D is cat. No. 1417Y-
05. For Model 1416F the replacement element is cat. No. 1417V-05.
The element comes with both catalog numbers 1416D and 1416F. the element is easily inspected or replaced by snapping
open the quick toggle body clamp.
The oil mist eliminator is constructed of stainless steel with a VitonR gasket and oil return valve-Viton is a registered
trademark of E.I. DuPont. The element material is borosilicate micro fibre. All three materials are highly resistant to
corrosive gases.
Connection of the oil mist eliminator to the pump is via a ISO NW25 flange. Connection of the oil mist eliminator to the
exhaust system is via a 13/16” ID vacuum hose.
Welch offers a mist eliminator to pump connection kit to clamp the oil mist eliminator to the pump. The CHEMSTAR pump
models 1402N-01 and 1376N-01, the kit-cat. No. 1416E-02 - consists of a NW25 hinge clamp and NW25 centering ring. For
1374N-01, the kit-cat. No. 1416E-03 - consists of a NW40 hinge clamp and NW40 centering ring.
For model 1400N-01, the kit-cat. No. 1416E-01- consists of an adapter that convert the ¾” thread with o-ring seal to ISO
nw25, NW25 hinge clamp and NW25 centering ring. For 1374N-01, the kit - can. No. 1416E-03 - consists of a NW40 hinge
clamp and NW40 centering ring.
For model 1400N-01, the kit-cat no. 1416E-01 - consists of an adapter that convert the ¾” thread with o-ring seal to ISO
NW25, NW25 hinge clamp and NW25 centering ring. You will need to remove the ISO NW16 adapter with o-ring seal on
the pump when it arrives with the ISO NW25 adapter.

C 4. Particulate Trap With A Filter Element

In some corrosive gas applications, particulates are generated. A particulate trap with a filter element provides positive
protection for CHEMSTAR pumps when dusty or loose particulates generated in the application can be ingested by the
pump.
Welch offers a particulate trap, cat. No. 544002 for Models 1400N-01, 1402N-01 and 1376N-01. Cat No. 544003 is the
particulate trap to use with Model 1374N-01. The particulte trap incorporates a cleanable, radial fin filter element. This
design gives maximum filter area in a compact vertical fin design. The filter element can be field cleaned with a vacuum
cleaner or replaced when the element is damaged or uncleanable.
Filter elements are mainly polyester providing 10 micron solid retention at 98% efficiency. Filter housings is stainless steel
and can be quickly serviced without breaking inlet/outlet lines that are in a horizontal in-line configuration.
Like any porous fiber, a small amount of water is absorbed by the filter element during manufacture. When the element is
used in a trap, you should expect it will take a few minutes for this trace water to be drawn out. The replacement element
cat. No. is 544982 for trap cat. No. 544002. The replacement element cat. No. is 544983 for cat. No. 544003.
D. Insuring an Adequate Exhaust System
In order to protect yourself and your co-workers install an exhaust system which will allow safe remove of corrosive or
hazardous gases. The exact details of the design should be developed after reviewing standard designs as given in sources
such as:
“Industrial Ventilation, A Manual of Recommended Practice, “American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists, Cincinnati, OH. Publication updated biannually.
The American Vacuum Society’s recommended practices for exhaust systems may be found in the following article:

Section 3. Operating a Vacuum System Containing Corrosive Gases

A. Removal of Condensable Corrosive Vapors Using the Gas Ballast
Vacuum systems, which contain undesirable vapors, will cause difficulties. The two major ones are the degrading of the
pump oil which is acting as a lubricant and from the standpoint of attaining desirable ultimate pressure.
A vapor is defined as the gaseous form of any substance which is usually a liquid or a solid at standard conditions.
Water, acetic acid, and formic acid vapors are examples. When such vapors exist in a vacuum system, the vapors or
mixtures of gas and vapor are subject to condensation within the pump. The precipitated liquid may ultimately dissolve,
react or become emulsified within the oil. Not only will this lead to premature failure of the pump, but also, the ultimate
pressure achievable by the pump will be degraded as a result.
Condensation takes place particularly in the compression stroke of the second stage in the CHEMSTAR pump. The
compression stroke is that portion of the cycle during which the gas drawn from the intake port is compressed to the
pressure necessary to expel it pass the exhaust valve. Condensation takes place when the ration between the initial
pressure and end pressure of the compression is high. By adding air through the gas ballast valve to the mixture of vapor
and gas being compressed, the pressure required for delivery past the exhaust valve is reached with a considerably
smaller reduction of the volume of the mixture. Depending upon the amount of air added, condensation of the vapor is
either entirely avoided or substantially reduced.
With the gas ballast open, the sound of the exhaust is similar to that of a pump operating against a large leak. Because of
the increased pressure introduced into the compression stroke, the pump must work a little harder to function, thus
resulting in an increased operating temperature of approximately 8°C over a prolonged period of time. Tests have shown
that continuous and prolonged operation for several weeks under these conditions is not injurious to the pump.
The ultimate pressure achievable by the vacuum pump increases by a factor of thirty when the gas ballast is open as
measured with a McLeod gauge.

B. Diluting Corrosive Gases

The lower the % of the gas flow into the CHEMSTAR pump which is corrosive gases the better. Hence, if you have extra
pumping capacity in your application and corrosive gases making up more than a few percent the gas load, Welch
recommends diluting the gas with dry nitrogen or argon (See specific recommendations for various gases in Section 4). If
you are planning a new system, Welch recommends you use a pump with a higher capacity than initially calculated if you
plan to dilute the corrosive gases.
The dry nitrogen or argon can be bleed into the intake of the CHEMSTAR pump through a needle valve attached to
vacuum piping joint to the vacuum chamber. Be sure not to add too much dry nitrogen or argon such that the total
pressure of the system rises above 10 Torr.

CAUTION
Be sure the pump is operating at a pressure of 10 Torr or lower for
continuous operation. If not, discuss application with Welch Technical Service
before proceeding to prevent oil from overheating and breaking down
resulting in the pump failing.

CAUTION
Be sure to use argon or nitrogen which is dry rather than wet. Water vapor
mixed with corrosive gases can accelerate corrosive in the pump and lead
to shorten service life.
C. Dry Nitrogen Purging of Oil Case
When pumping on corrosive gases, these gases can have a significant residence time in the oil case. The gases become
dispersed throughout the oil. The longer the residence time the more the corrosion observed.
Welch provides a ¼” compression fitting positioned at the top of the oil case which is connected to a bubbler tube in the
oil reservoir. When pumping on corrosive gases, Welch recommends passing 2 to 10 cc/minute of dry nitrogen gas
through the oil bubbler at a maximum of 2 PSI.

Reasons for using dry nitrogen gas purging through the oil case are:
1.) Uniform injection of dry nitrogen into the oil reservoir and lubricating fluid can result in as much as a 10°C
lowering of operating temperature and reduced corrosion rate.
2.) Continuous degassing of the pump fluid and purging of the oil reservoir typically extends pump oil life.

Section 4. Recommendations for Pumping Corrosive Gases

Experiments and processes that employ corrosive gases are well known for shortening the life of vacuum pumps. Much
reason exists for this to happen:
(1) Particulates may be formed in the experiment or process. These particulates are then ingested by the vacuum pump.
The particulates can grind the moving parts of the forepump out of tolerance.
(2) Chemical reactions occurring in the process/experiment and on various surfaces between the chamber and the pump
may create a new group of compounds. The effect of these new compounds on the pump will be determined by trail
and error.
(3) The Corrosive gases may decompose the vacuum pump oil leading to the pump becoming oil starved. An oil starved
vacuum pump will eventually seize.

Welch has reviewed some of the common corrosive gases encountered in the laboratory and experimental test reactors.
Below are our recommendations on what step you can take to extend the service life of a CHEMSTAR pump in the
presence of corrosive gases.

A. Strong Hydrous Acids: Hydrochloric acid (HCI), Hydrogen bromide (HBO), Sulfuric Acid
(H2SO4), Nitric Acid (HNO3).

CAUTION
Hydrous acids are well-known for corroding the interior of the vacuum pump.
Particularly if acidified oil is allowed to remain in the pump for extended
periods of time.

The first step for reducing the rate of corrosion due to hydrous acids being pumped is to dilute the flow of them into the
vacuum pump. By adding dry nitrogen to the hydrous gas stream flowing into the vacuum pump, you can reduce the
concentration of the acid passing through the pump. Ideally you want the hydrous acid to occupy less than 1% of the
gas flow into the pump. If you go above 5%, we recommend an acid neutralization trap, cat. Nos. 1420H-21 or 1420H-20
(See Section 2 C.).

A cold trap is also a possibility for preventing the ingestion of hydrous acid into the vacuum pump. For most common
hydrous acids, a cold trap cooled to -198°C using liquid nitrogen is needed.

WARNING
A cold trap concentrates the hydrous acid. Exercise caution
when cleaning trap to avoid acid burns to workers.

Use of the dry nitrogen purge will facilitate the removal of acid from the oil reservoir. Avoid using air as the diluting
gas(See Section 3 B.) or through the purge (See Section 3 C.) since oxygen and water in the air will only accelerate the
corrosion rate.
The oil should be regularly checked for its pH during the initial start-up days of the experiment or process - and on at least
a weekly basis thereafter. The oil can be checked with pH paper. If the pH drops 2 units below the reading you obtain
using new oil, the oil should be replaced.
If you find that the oil needs to be changed very frequently, you should consider using oil filtration system cat. No. 1418G
(See Section 2 C.) with the cellulose element which can absorb over 250 cc’s of hydrous acids.
If the flow of strong exceeds 10% of gas flow, you must switch to a perfluoropolyether oil such as Fomblin YO6/6 (Welch
Cat. No. 1408C-06, 1 Kg) - Fomblin is a registered trademark of Ausimont. Perfluoropolyethers are very resistant to
chemical attack by strong acids.

CAUTION
Failure to use Fomblin Y06/6 in applications where strong acids are pumped at
concentrations above 10% of gas flow will lead to degradation of the
DIRECTORR gold oil and to the CHEMSTAR pump failing.

B. Weak Acids: Acetic Acid (HOAC), Carbonic Acid (H2CO3)

Weak acids can cause a vacuum pump to fail just as easily as a strong hydrous acid - particularly if they are above ambient
temperature when they enter the vacuum pump. The same recommendations for strong acids are applicable to the weak acids.

CAUTION
Welch does not recommend CHEMSTAR pumps for the gel drying application unless you
are trying to run off of one pump both a centrifugal concentrator and a gel dryer. If you use
a CHEMSTAR pump, you must use a liquid trap and a cold trap to protect the vacuum
pump. NOTE: The reason is Welch had developed a gel dryer vacuum system employing
a room temperature trap (Cat. No. 1424-61 for 60 Hz operation and cat. No. 1424-51 for 50
Hz operation) specifically for this application. The Welch gel dryer vacuum system does
not work with centrifugal concentrators. Please call our technical service for a brochure
and complete information.

C. Halogens: Chlorine (Cl2), Bromine (Br2).

If water is not present, small gas flows of chlorine or bromine can be pumped without major difficulty. Welch recommends
that when dry chlorine and bromine occupy less than 5% of the total gas flow the gas ballast should be opened.
DIRECTORR Gold oil will work well for this gas load.
If the flow of dry chlorine or bromine exceeds 5% of gas flow, Welch recommends you dilute the chlorine or bromine by
adding dry nitrogen to the stream (See Section 3 B.). The dilution needs to bring the dry chlorine or bromine gas flow
back below 5%.
If the flow of dry chlorine or bromine cannot be brought below 5% of gas flow but is not above 10%, Welch recommends
that our oil filtration system with an alumina element be used (See Section 2 C. for information on the oil filtration system.)
If the flow of dry chlorine or bromine goes above 10%, you must switch to a perfluoropolyethers such as Fomblin Y06/6
(Welch Cat. No. 1408C-06, 1 Kg) - Fomblin is a registered trademark of Ausimont. Perfluoropolyethers are very resistant to
chemical attack by halogens.

CAUTION
Failure to use Fomblin Y06/6 in applications where chlorine or bromine
is pumped at concentrations above 10% of gas flow will lead to degradation
of the DIRECTORR gold oil and to the CHEMSTAR pump failing.

If the flow of chlorine or bromine is not dry (for example chlorine or bromine in humid air), hydrochloric and hydrobromic
acid will appear in the gas stream. You must follow the recommendations in Section 4.A for strong acids.
D. Formaldehyde (CH20)
Gas loads of formaldehyde making up more than a few percent of the gas pumped can degrade DIRECTORR Gold oil.
There are a number of ways that you can protect your CHEMSTAR pump from formaldehyde. The simplest is to dilute
the gas flow (See Section 2 B.) An alternate approach is to use a cold trap (See Section 2 B.)

E. Trifluoroacetic Acid (F3CC02H)

Trifluoroacetic acid is an extremely corrosive gas. A common application where this acid is employed is freeze drying.
Welch recommends an acid neutralization trap, cat no. 1420H-21 or 1420H-20, (See Section 2 C.) be used whenever this gas
is pumped. If in your application you will be pumping a heavy water load, such as freeze drying, a cold trap should be
used (See Section 2 C. for details and an explanation as to why) between the freeze dryer and the acid neutralization trap.

CAUTION
When pumping heavy water vapor loads, failure to place a cold trap between
the vacuumchamber and the acid neutralization trap will lead to rapidly
saturated element and resulting in reduced effectiveness of the
acid neutralization trap.

If the acid neutralization trap affects the pumping speed and ultimate pressure adversely in your application, Welch
recommends the use Welch oil filtration system, Cat.#1418G, with an alumina element, Cat.#1418G-02.

F. Ozone (O3)
Ozone is a strong oxidant and very unstable.

WARNING
Ozone is an explosive hazard in its liquid form. Do not attempt to use a
cold trap to condense out the ozone. Prior to working with ozone, read a
handbook on hazardous materials (for example, Dangerous Properties of
Industrial Materials, Sixth Edition, by N. Irving Sax, Van Nostrand Reinhold
Company Inc. NY, NY 1003, 1984) to determine if any gases you will be
pumping react dangerously with ozone.

When pumping ozone, keep the concentration passing into the pump below 100 ppm. This can be accomplished either by
miniaturizing the experimental process to reduce the quantity of ozone used or by dilution of the ozone flow by dry
nitrogen.Ozone is well known for chemically attaching vacuum pump oil. DIRECTORR gold oil used in a CHEMSTAR is a
highly saturated oil that resists this attack. However you need to monitor the oil closely. An oil filtration system may be
need if you are seeing rapid degradation of the oil at the 100 ppm. A cellulose element should be used with the oil filtration
system (See Section 2 C. for more details on oil filtration system available from Welch). If you will be pumping ozone at
levels above 100 ppm of gas flow, you must switch to a perfluoropolyethers such as Fomblin Y06/6 (Welch Cat. No.
1408C-06, 1 Kg) - Fomblin is a registered trademark of Ausimont. Perfluoropolyethers are very resistant to chemical attack
by ozone.

CAUTION
Failure to use Fomblin Y06/6 in applications where ozone is pumped at
concentrations above 100 ppm will lead to rapid degradation of the
DIRECTORR gold oil and CHEMSTAR pump failure.

To switch from DIRECTORR Gold oil To Fomblin, the CHEMSTAR pump must be totally disassembled and all parts
cleaned of oil. The pump must then be assembled using Fomblin. Welch can carry out the conversion for you through
our repair department. Call our factory at 847-676-8800 ext. 1 for details.

G. Anhydrides: SOX - Sulfur Trioxide (SO3) and Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
These gases in the presence of water have the same corrosive characteristics as the strong hydrous acids. The same
recommendations for strong acids are applicable to the anhydrides in the presence of water.
H. Fragments of Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6), Carbon Tetrafluoride CF4) etc.
Sulfur hexafluoride is a stable molecule except those gas cylinders of it normally contain variable quantities of low sulfur
fluorides. These low sulfur fluorides can hydrolyze in the presence of water to form hydrogen fluoride (HF) - a compound
notorious for its toxicity and ability to corrode. Carbon tetrafluoride (Freon 14) is also somewhat stable except that it reacts
with aluminum - CHEMSTAR pump oil cases are made of aluminum, but are Teflon lined.
Carbon tetrafluoride is soluble in oil so the pump should be allowed to run for 10 to 15 minutes prior to pumping this gas.
This will allow the pump to reach it operating temperature. When the pump is at its operating temperature, this will minimize
the effect on a rise in ultimate pressure due to the presence of carbon tetrafluoride in the oil. Also, the gas-ballast should be
opened during operation to also help keep carbon tetrafluoride at a minimum in the oil.
Sulfur hexafluoride and carbon tetrafluoride are commonly run through electrical or microwave discharges to create highly
reactive radicals. These radicals can be extremely corrosive in their own right but in the presence of water can turn into
hydrogen fluoride (HF).

I. Special Note: Pumping oxygen

Whenever mixtures containing oxygen or pure oxygen are used a nonflammable vacuum pump oil such as Fomblin Y06/6.
DIRECTORR Gold is a synthetic saturated hydrocarbon oil and is flammable.

WARNING
Do not use DIRECTORR gold oil when pumping gases containing more than
30% oxygen. The use of DIRECTORR gold which is supplied with the pump
is a Flammability Hazard if more than 30% oxygen mixtures are pumped.

When gases pumped into a CHEMSTAR pump exceed 30% oxygen of gas flow, the CHEMSTAR pump must be prepared
with FOMBLIN Y06/6 (Ausimont registered trademark). Contact the Welch factory for advice or to have your CHEMSTAR
pump prepared with FOMBLIN Y06/6 if you will be pumping greater than 30% oxygen gas flows.

Section 5. Recommendations For Pumping Particulate-Containing Gas Streams

A. Particulate Trap With A Filter Element
A particulate trap provides positive protection for vacuum pumps when dusty or loose particulates are pumped on. These
particulates are formed in some chemical reactions involving corrosive gases in applications such as coating, powder
materials processing, etching, etc. A particulate trap with filter element is available through Welch (See Section 2 C)
The particulate trap will reduce the effective pumping speed of a CHEMSTAR pump-particularly as the element collects
particulates. You can see 50% loss of the pumping speed for pressures below 1 Torr. This is why some prefer to use an oil
filtration system to remove the particulates once they get into the vacuum pump without hurting the pumping speed.

B. Oil Filtration System

Many applications in chemistry, material science or metallurgy generate abrasive particulates. These particulates are
ingested by the vacuum pump and will lead to a deterioration over a period of time in the operating characteristics of the
pump as most evident in the ultimate pressure. A particulate trap or an oil filtration system is used to remove these
particulates to minimize this effect.

If you cannot use in your application a particulate trap because it reduces the pumping speed too much or the corrosive gas
attacks the polyester element, Welch recommends the use of an oil filtration system. In addition, some elements will also
remove acidic compounds from the oil. See Section 2 C. for details.
Section 6. Extending Service Life of CHEMSTAR through Proper Maintenance
A. Developing A Maintenance Schedule
After Studying many examples of pump failure, Welch has found the most common reason is poor condition of the oil. This is
why a regular maintenance schedule for the oil is critical to obtain the longest service life out of your CHEMSTAR pump.
Welch recommends that you examine the condition of the oil on a daily basis in the early days of a new process or experiment.
You want to look for discoloration of the oil and whether the oil level is rising. The discoloration can indicate deterioration of the
oil and a rising oil level can indicate condensation of vapors is occurring in the pump.
Once you know how long it takes for the oil to breakdown in your application or become contaminated, review the Welch
accessories mentioned which are listed in Section 2 C to see which will work best in your application or choose this time as your
oil change interval.

B. Forced Oil Flushing

When you drain oil through the drain valve, you are not removing the oil and contaminants that are inside the pumping
mechanism. You are removing oil only from the oil case. Welch recommends a forced oil flush of CHEMSTAR pumps be
performed at the regular maintenance oil change. The procedure for the forced oil flush is given below:
1. Check the oil level
a. If the oil level is well above the fill mark, this may indicate either the pump has been overfilled with oil
or has ingested a liquid or a large amount of vapor (water or organic solvents). Please go to step 2.
b. If the oil level is even with the fill mark and you do NOT suspect corrosive gases or particulates
(henceforth called contaminants) ingested have damaged the mechanism, run the pump for 15 minutes
to allow the pump oil to warm up before going to step 2.
2. Turn off motor for the vacuum pump. Drain the oil into a clear plastic container (may need pliers to open
drain valve). Look for contaminants settling to the bottom of container. If you see contaminants, you will
need to repeat step 3 through 5 several times until the oil comes out clear. The oil you drained from the
pump came from the oil case only. There may be contaminants in the pumping mechanism. To be sure all
contaminants have been removed, the pump mechanism needs to be flushed.
3. Make sure the belt guard is installed before proceeding further. Attach a short hose to the drain valve
which runs into a clear plastic container.
4. Flushing the pump is carried out by adding a cup of DUOSEAL vacuum pump oil through the intake (IN)
port while the pump is turned on for 5 to 20 seconds. While adding the pump oil, the exhaust (OUT) port
should be blocked by the palm of your hand. Look for water coming out of the drain. Turn off the pump.
5. Repeat step 4 until only clean oil comes out the drain hose.
6. Fill the pump with the amount of DIRECTORR Gold vacuum pump oil your pump needs.
7. Plug the intake (IN) port with a rubber stopper. Turn the pump on and run the pump for 10 minutes.
Close the gas ballast.
8. Check the vacuum reading of the pump by connecting a thermocouple gauge tube to the pump’s intake.
If the pump is running nearly as good as when it was new, the total pressure reading you will read on
either of these two gauges will be at least 10 micron.
A simple way to connect the gauge tube to the pump is to run the threaded tip of tube through a hole in a rubber stopper. Use
pump oil as a lubricant for inserting the tube. The stopper chosen should be bigger than the outer diameter of the intake flange.

Section 7. Chemical Properties of Corrosive Gases

Before beginning any work with corrosive gases, you need to know the chemical properties of the corrosive
gases you will be working with. Welch strongly recommends you and your in-house safety committee review
their chemical properties and the safe way of handling. This application booklet is not intended to provide this
information so we recommend you consult the appropriate handbook. Examples are:

Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference, by N. Irving Sax & Richard J. Lewis, Sr., 1987, Van Nostrand Reinhold
Company, Inc., NY NY 10003
Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Sixth Edition, by N. Irving Sax, 1984, Van Nostrand Reinhold
Company, Inc. NY NY 10003
CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety, 5th edition, 1980. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 33431.
Section 8. Toubleshooting Your CHEMSTAR Pump
A. Poor Vacuum Reading
1. Disconnect vacuum pump from your vacuum system.
2. Obtain 1 gallon of DIRECTORR Gold Oil, 1 gallon or larger clear plastic container, clear drain hose
(1/4 inch ID by at least 2.5 feet long), rubber gloves, goggles, apron and pliers.
3. Carry out a forced oil flush if motor can turn pumping mechanism without excessive noise (See Section 6 B).
If pumping mechanism cannot be turned by motor, have pump sent into factory repair center.
4. Check ultimate vacuum with thermocouple gauge. (See Section 6 B. Step 8 for how to do this.) If reading is
still unsatisfactory, consult with Welch Technical Service after checking for leaks in your connections.

B. Noisy Pump
1. Locate noise source on your vacuum pump (motor, belt, pump).
2. If motor makes noise:
- Check for loose bolts on motor mount.
- Motor may need replaced.
3. If belt makes noise:
- Pulley may be bent, if so, replace.
- Loose belt, tighten by loosing bolts on motor and moving motor away from pump
until belt exhibits a ½ inch deflection.
4. If pump makes noise:
- Vanes may be sticking, carry out a forced oil flush.
(See Section 7 B.)
5. If noise level is still unsatisfactory, consult with WELCH Technical Service at 847-676-8800,
extension 1.

C. Excessive Oil Mist

1. Check oil level. Maintain the level between the two lines on the oil window during operation.
Too high a level will cause excessive oil mist!
2. Determine the vacuum level in your system with a thermocouple gauge or manometer.
Be sure the pump is operating at a pressure of 10 Torr or lower for continuous operation

******************************************************************************
- If not, discuss application with Welch Technical Service before proceeding to
prevent oil from overheating and breaking down resulting in the pump failing.

******************************************************************************
3. A system leak(s) or degassing can cause excessive oil mist. Locate and seal the vacuum leaks.
High vapor loads may require a larger pump to compensate.
4. An oil mist eliminator can be installed for coalescing the oil mist from the exhaust gases. If an oil mist
eliminator is already installed, the element may need to be replaced if saturated with oil. Open up oil mist
eliminator and examine the element; replace if needed.
5. Check the oil condition for any visible change in color or consistency. Contaminants in the oil can add to the
amount of oil exhausted. Carry out a forced oil flush if contamination is discovered (See Section 6 B)
 WARRANTY

This Welch Vacuum product is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship. The liability of
Welch Rietschle Thomas under this warranty is limited to servicing, adjusting, repairing or replacing any unit or
component part which in the judgment of Welch Rietschle Thomas has not been misused, abused or altered in any
way causing impaired performance or rendering it inoperative. No other warranties are expressed or implied.
The method of executing this warranty: servicing, adjusting, repairing or replacing shall be at the discretion of
Welch Rietschle Thomas. Vacuum pumps that have been used for any period, however short, will be repaired
under this warranty rather than replaced.

The warranty is effective for one year from the date of original purchase when:

1. The warranty card has been completed and returned.

2. The product is returned to the factory or other designated service centers, freight prepaid.
3. The product in our judgment is defective through no action or fault of the user.

If the product has become defective through misuse, abuse, or alteration, repairs will be billed regardless of the
age of the product. In this event, an estimate of the repair costs will be submitted and authorization of these
charges will be required before the product is repaired and returned.

To reduce additional charges and delays either within or outside of the warranty period, contact Welch Rietschle
Thomas @847-676-8800 for a return authorization number. Products without a return authorization number will
be refused by our receiving department. Before shipping, properly pack the pump, insure it against loss or dam-
age, and on the outside of the pump packaging and the packing slip write in the return authorization number.
Pumps damaged due to improper packaging are the customer’s responsibility.
 Welch Rietschle Thomas
Vacuum Pump Repair Facility
7301 North Central Avenue
Skokie, IL 60077
Phone: (847) 676-8800
Fax: (847) 677-8606 (Technical Support)
Fax: (920) 451-4397 (Ordering)

OWNER’S MANUAL
For
CHEMSTAR® VACUUM PUMPS
MODELS 1400N, 1402N, 1376N, 1374N
Part No. 67-0544R3.2

Copyright© 1997-2004 Welch Rietschle Thomas

Welch is registered trademarks of Welch Rietschle Thomas