Canvas Psychological Perspective of Self

The
Psychological
Perspective
of the Self
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the topic, you are
expected to:
1. Define and describe the different
psychological theories of self.
2. Differentiate the various
theories of the self and describe
their interrelationships.
3. Explain how the theories of self
influence behavior.
4. Apply theories of self in one’s life
to develop self-awareness and
self-understanding.
• This module presents the
psychological theories that
influence the way people
understand the self and the
process to live life to the
fullest.
• Understanding of the self
is successful when the
different parts of the self
becomes united.
• An important aspect of
understanding the self is
self-awareness.
WILLIAM JAMES' CONCEPT
OF SELF: THE I-SELF AND
THE ME-SELF
• The self is divided into two
categories: the "I-Self" and the "Me-
Self".
• The "I-Self" refers to the self that
knows who he or she is and what he
or she has done in his or her life.
• The "Me-Self" is the empirical self.
It refers to describing the person’s
personal experiences and further
divided into sub-categories: material
self, social self, and spiritual self.
• The material self consists
of things that belong to a
person.
• The social self refers to
whom and how a person acts
on social situations.
• The spiritual self refers to
the most intimate and
important part of the self.
James believed that the
path to understanding the
spiritual self is through
self-introspection.
CARL ROGERS’ SELF THEORY:
REAL AND IDEAL SELF
• Another aspect of self-
understanding is self-concept. Self-
concept refe r s to th e i m a g e of
oneself.
• Rogers suggests that there are two
components of self-concept: real
self and ideal self.
• The real self consists of all the
ideas, including the awareness of
‘what I am’ and ‘what I can do’.
• The ideal self is the person’s
conception of what one should be or
wanted to be that includes one’s
goals and ambitions in life.
• The closer (congruent) the ideal self is
to the real self, the more fulfilled and
happy the individual becomes. The
farther (incongruent) the ideal self is
to the real self leads to unhappy and
dissatisfied person
MULTIPLE VERSUS UNIFIED SELF
• Self-understanding in adolescents
also includes conceptualizing the
self as multiple or unified and true
or false.
• The construction of multiple
selves varies across different
roles and relationships.
• Coping with different aspects of
the self constitutes a difficult
task among adolescents.Thus, this
contributes heavily to the young
person’s struggle for a unified self.
TRUE VERSUS FALSE SELF
• Winnicott suggests that the self

is composed of the true self and
the false self.
• The function of the false self is
to hide and protect the true self.
• People tend to display a false
self to impress others.The self
tends to change depending on
situations.
THE SELF AS PROACTIVE AND
AGENTIC
• Albert Bandura suggests that
humans have the ability to act
and make things happen.
• In his theory of the self, people
are viewed as proactive agents
of experiences.
• Efficacy beliefs are the
foundation of human agency.
• Self-efficacy refers to the
individual’s belief that he or she
is capable to perform a task.
THE SELF AS THE CENTRAL
ARCHETYPE
• According to Jung, the psyche
continues to develop throughout life,
but the psyche starts to show a
definite form during adolescence.
• Ju ng c o n c e i v e d t h e s t r u c t u r e o f
personality (psyche) as a complex
network of interacting systems that
strive toward harmony.
• Central to Jung’s theory of the self is
the concept of archetype.The
archetype represents the hidden
potentialities of the psyche. There
are four major archetypes: persona,
shadow, animus/anima, and self.
SIGMUND FREUD’S
CONSTRUCTION OF SELF AND
PERSONALITY
• According to Sigmund Freud, there are
three structures of personality: id,
ego, and superego which are often in
conflict with each other. If this
constant state of conflict is
unresolved, personality problems may
arise.
• The id, ego, and superego develop in a
series of stages. Freud called these
the psychosexual stages of
development which progress through
five stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency,
and genital.
ERIK ERIKSON’S THEORY IN
UNDERSTANDING THE SELF
• Another important aspect of self-
understanding involves views of
identity development of the self.
• In Erik Erikson’s theory, adolescence
stage is a period of identity
development.
• Identity formation is usually viewed as
a process that requires adolescents to
distance themselves from the strong
expectations imposed by parents and
other family members.
• Erikson proposes that individuals go
through eight psychosocial stages of
development.
Psychosocial Stages of Development
Source:
Go-Monilla, J., & Ramirez, N. (2018).

Understanding the self. Philippines:
C&E Publishing, Inc.

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• Winnicott suggests that the self

Go-Monilla, J., & Ramirez, N. (2018).

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