Stoichiometry

Practice

Mole to Mole
Write and balance the equations. Calculate the number of moles.

1. Sodium reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.



a. How many moles of hydrogen gas will form if 0.35 moles of Na reacts with an excess of water?





2. .Double replacement reaction between phosphoric acid and potassium carbonate.

___H3PO4 + ___K2CO3 à ___K3PO4 + ___H2O + ___CO2

a. How many moles of phosphoric acid are needed to react with 1.248 moles of potassium carbonate?





3. Ethanol, C2H5OH, is produced when glucose, C6H12O6, ferments. The other product is carbon dioxide.

___C6H12O6 à ___C2H5OH + ___CO2

a. How many moles of glucose must ferment to produce 7.5 moles of ethanol?





b. How many moles of carbon dioxide will be produced as a by product?






4. Ammonium nitrate decomposes into nitrogen gas, water, and oxygen gas.



a. How many moles of oxygen gas are produced when 8.14 moles of ammonium nitrate decompose?

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 5. Write the balanced equation for the decomposition of sugar, C12H22O11 into carbon and water.




a. How many moles of water would be produced if you started with one mole of sugar?





b. How many moles of water would be produced if you started with 12 moles of sugar?





c. How many moles of sugar would you have to start with to end up with 8.7 moles of carbon?





d. How many moles of carbon would be produced if you started with 2 moles of sugar?

Mass to Mole and Mole to Mass
Write the balanced chemical equation then calculate.

1. Aluminum is strongly heated with oxygen.

___Al + ___O2à ___Al2O3


a. How many moles of oxygen are needed to react with 3.46 g of aluminum?





b. How many grams of aluminum oxide will form?







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 2. Calcium carbonate reacts with sulfur dioxide and oxygen to produce calcium sulfate and carbon dioxide.




a. How many moles of calcium sulfate will be produced if 15.50 g of calcium carbonate reacts with an excess
of sulfur dioxide and oxygen?






b. How many moles of O2 will react with 15.50 g of calcium carbonate?







3. C5H11 reacts with oxygen in a combustion reaction.

___C5H11 + ___O2 à ___CO2 + ___H2O

a. How many grams of C5H11 must be burned to produce 1.25 moles of water?







4. Ammonium nitrate decomposes into nitrogen and water.

___NH4NO3 à ___N2 + ___H2O + ___O2

a. How many moles of water can be produced from 10.00 g of ammonium nitrite?









5. How many grams of aluminum nitrate will be produced if 5.78 moles of aluminum react with an excess of
nitric acid.

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Mass to Mass
Write the balanced chemical equation then calculate.
1. Sucrose decomposes into carbon and water vapor.

___C12H22O11à ___C + ___H2O



a. If 10.4 g of sucrose decomposes, how many grams of carbon are produced?






b. If 4.00 g of sucrose decomposes, how many grams of water vapor are produced?






2. Zinc chloride is produced from the reaction between zinc and chlorine gas.



a. How many grams of zinc and how many grams of chlorine are needed to produce 65.0 g of zinc
chloride if the reaction goes to completion?






3. When potassium chlorate is melted sugar can be added as a catalyst for decomposition.

___KClO3 à ___KCl + ___O2

a. What mass of potassium chloride will be produced if 55.7 g of potassium chlorate is used?






b. If 12.7 g of oxygen gas was produced by the reaction, how much potassium chlorate must have
been used?

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Limiting Reactant and Percent Yield
Write the balanced chemical equation then calculate.
1. What is the limiting reagent when 4.7 g of iron and 8.94 g of oxygen react to form iron (III) oxide?

___Fe + ___O2 à ___Fe2O3











2. A sample of 8.70 g of calcium bromide reacts with 5.10 g of aluminum oxide in a double replacement
reaction. How much calcium oxide will be produced by this reaction?

___CaBr2 + ___Al2O3 à ___CaO + ___AlBr3











3. What is the limiting reagent when 7.4 moles of calcium reacts with 10.6 g of water to produce calcium
hydroxide and hydrogen?
___Ca + ___H2O à ___Ca(OH)2 + ___H2

4. What is the limiting reagent when 7.8 moles of nitrogen reacts with 2.3 moles of oxygen to form
dinitrogen monoxide?
___N2 + ___O2 à ___N2O

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 Percent Yield
Write the balanced chemical equation then calculate.

1. What is the percent yield if 3.12 g of magnesium reacts with excess phosphoric acid to form 14.15 g of
magnesium phosphate?
___Mg + ___H3PO4 à ___Mg3(PO4)2 + ___H2

5. What is the percent yield if 4.30 g of potassium is reacted with an excess of iodine and 13. 78 g of
potassium iodide is formed?
___K + ___I2 à ___KI

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 Limiting Reactants and Percent Yield in the Lab
The compound “cisplatin” PtCl2(NH3)2 is effective in treating some types of cancer. It can be synthesized using the
following reaction:

K2PtCl4 + 2NH3 à 2KCl + PtCl2(NH3)2

During cisplatin production 124.5 g of K2PtCl4 and 12.6 g of ammonia are reacted. Determine the theoretical yield
of cisplatin that could be produced.







a. What is the limiting reactant in the reaction?


b. What is in excess?


i. How much of this reactant will be left over after the reaction?






c. After the reaction the researchers recover the cisplatin produced and measure it to discover that they
produced 83.7 g. What is the percent yield of their reaction?







d. The researchers want to produce 12.6 more grams of cisplatin but do not want to waste any chemicals,
exactly how much of each reactant will they need to produce their 12.6 g of cisplatin?