Electronic Circuits Ii Unit 1
Electronic Circuits Ii Unit 1
Electronic Circuits Ii Unit 1
CIRCUITS II
UNIT 1
FEEDBACK CONCEPT
• There is another type of feedback called positive or regenerative feedback in which the
overall gain of the amplifier is increased. Positive feedback is useful in oscillators and while
establishing the two stable states of flip-flop.
Advantage of Feedback System:
• The amplifier input signal Vi is proportional to the voltage difference Vs -Vf that
results from the comparison. A differential amplifier is used for comparison as its output
voltage is proportional to the difference between the signals at the two inputs.
• A shunt connection is shown in Fig. 9-3(b) in which the source current Is and
feedback current If are compared. The amplifier input current Ii is proportional to the
difference Is If .
Basic elements of feedback amplifier:
• Basic Amplifier:
• For negative feedback, –A β= T > 0,We can give a physical interpretation for the return
ratio by considering the input signal Xs = 0, and keeping
the path between Xi and Xˆi open. If a signal Xˆi is now applied to the amplifier input,
then Xi =Xf = Aβ.
• The return ratio is then the negative of the ratio of the feedback signal to the
amplifier input. Often the quantity F= 1+Aβ= 1+T is referred to as the return difference.
If negative feedback is considered then both F and T are greater than zero.
TOPOLOGIES OF THE FEEDBACK
AMPLIFIER:
There are four basic amplifier types. Each of these is being approximated by the
characteristics of an ideal controlled source. The four feedback topologies are as
follows:
1. Series-shunt feedback
2. Series-series feedback
3. Shunt-series feedback
4. Shunt-shunt feedback
De-Sensitivity (D)
indicates the fraction by
which the voltage gain has
been reduced due to
feedback.
BANDWIDTH STABILITY:
From Eq. (9-37) we can directly conclude that the transfer gain can
be made dependent entirely on the feedback network . The gain A is not
constant and depends on the frequency. This means that at certain high or low
frequencies |A| will be much larger than unity. The gain A of single-pole
transfer function is given by: