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    The New Doctrine To Code Switching

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    Aya Nim
    This document discusses new approaches to analyzing the linguistic phenomenon of code switching: [1] The variationist approach, proposed by Shana Poplack, considers code switching as a linguistic variable and identifies patterns according to constraints like equivalence and free morpheme constraints. [2] The matrix language frame model, proposed by Carol Myers-Scotton, recognizes an inherent asymmetry in bilingualism where one language dominates. It proposes code switching inserts elements from a less dominant "embedded language" into a dominant "matrix language". [3] The generativist minimalist program, pioneered by Jeff Macswan, denies previous constraints and states code switching need only respect the grammatical rules of the

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    The New Doctrine To Code Switching

    Uploaded by

    Aya Nim
    227 views4 pages
    This document discusses new approaches to analyzing the linguistic phenomenon of code switching: [1] The variationist approach, proposed by Shana Poplack, considers code switching as a linguistic variable and identifies patterns according to constraints like equivalence and free morpheme constraints. [2] The matrix language frame model, proposed by Carol Myers-Scotton, recognizes an inherent asymmetry in bilingualism where one language dominates. It proposes code switching inserts elements from a less dominant "embedded language" into a dominant "matrix language". [3] The generativist minimalist program, pioneered by Jeff Macswan, denies previous constraints and states code switching need only respect the grammatical rules of the

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    The new doctrine to code switching

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    This document discusses new approaches to analyzing the linguistic phenomenon of code switching: [1] The variationist approach, proposed by Shana Poplack, considers code switching as a linguistic variable and identifies patterns according to constraints like equivalence and free morpheme constraints. [2] The matrix language frame model, proposed by Carol Myers-Scotton, recognizes an inherent asymmetry in bilingualism where one language dominates. It proposes code switching inserts elements from a less dominant "embedded language" into a dominant "matrix language". [3] The generativist minimalist program, pioneered by Jeff Macswan, denies previous constraints and states code switching need only respect the grammatical rules of the

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    227 views4 pages

    The New Doctrine To Code Switching

    Uploaded by

    Aya Nim
    This document discusses new approaches to analyzing the linguistic phenomenon of code switching: [1] The variationist approach, proposed by Shana Poplack, considers code switching as a linguistic variable and identifies patterns according to constraints like equivalence and free morpheme constraints. [2] The matrix language frame model, proposed by Carol Myers-Scotton, recognizes an inherent asymmetry in bilingualism where one language dominates. It proposes code switching inserts elements from a less dominant "embedded language" into a dominant "matrix language". [3] The generativist minimalist program, pioneered by Jeff Macswan, denies previous constraints and states code switching need only respect the grammatical rules of the

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    of 4

    NEW DOCTORINE OF CODE

    SWITCHING

    Done by: Bouayadi abdel monhim


      
    The new doctrine to code switching

    Code switching is linguistic phenomenon that is defined basically as the


    alternation between two or more languages in the same conversation. This
    phenomenon is the result of language contact another linguistic phenomenon
    that is the main subject of study of contact linguistics. Contact linguistics as a
    field of linguistics have made many attempts to study code switching from a
    grammatical side, and many scholars tried to define and categorize the
    phenomenon but it seemed that it is more complex than the scholars’
    traditional approaches to try to clarify it. This has led to the emergence of new
    approaches, models and typologies that are more flexible and adaptive to the
    complexity of the phenomenon, in what is known in linguistics and especially
    contact linguistics as the new doctrine to code switching.

    The variationist approach:


    Also known as the Constraint-based model is a model that considers code
    switching as a linguistic variable that should be observed to identify and catch
    the regular patterns that keeps recurring over and over, and these patterns
    should reflect natural exchanges among speakers. The approach was put
    forward by Shana Poplack and posits that there are two constraints that are
    implemented when code switching occurs and which are the equivalence
    constraint and the free morpheme constraint. The equivalence constraint tells
    us that in order for code switching to occur the speaker should respect the
    syntactic grammatical rules of both the languages he uses in the conversation.
    i.e., if a language, such as English, has an s v o structure, we can’t put o v s in it
    as Spanish in the sentence because this will violate the equivalence constraint.
    The free morpheme constraint states that code switching can precede after any
    morphological constituent except for a bound morpheme.
    The matrix language frame model:
    Proposed by Carol Myers-Scotton, the matrix language model sheds the light
    on the inherent asymmetry of bilingualism, this means that most of the time
    the bilingual speaker always master one language more than the other and
    uses one language more than the other starting from this principle this model
    proposes that when we code switch, we tend to use one language the
    dominant one called the matrix language and we insert a part from the other
    language which is considered less dominant and named as the embedded
    language.
    The matrix language is recognized and identified by its contribution with large
    proportions to the morphemes count, in a simpler way it has more morphemes
    than the embedded language. It is also the likely language between the two
    that can contribute by system morphemes.ie., function words.
    In order for code switching to occur the embedded language should follow
    some rules, or to achieve congruency with the matrix language those rules are
    the following:
    The content morphemes of the embedded language should not belong to the
    system morphemes of the matrix morphemes.
    The content morphemes of the embedded language should respect the theta
    roles (agent, patient etc.…) of its counterpart in the matrix language.
    The content morphemes of the embedded language should respect the
    pragmatic function of matrix language content morphemes.
    The matrix language frame model is also considered as a constraint-based
    model.
    The Generativist minimalist program
    Pioneered by Jeff Macswan, this approach is a constraint free approach that
    implements the chompskiyan minimalist program in the study of code
    switching.
    The minimalist program is a chompskian framework that seeks to simplify and
    give an economic version that contains only the necessary properties of the
    generative syntax and, generative grammar that is considered so complicated.
    This simplification is based on restricting derivation principles and parameters.
    This program when applied to code switching, it denies all the previous
    constraints of code switching suggested by the other scholars and states that
    when people code switch, they only have to respect the grammatical rules of
    both the languages, in other words the grammatical rules of code switching are
    the union of the grammatical rules of its languages which draws boundaries on
    the correct use of code switching.

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