Countermeasure of Roud Shoulder Slope Deformationa at Racasari, West Java

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Zanpg Lgenrf`tmnc ne Xn`l Zdnualgr `cl Xgt`mcmcb R`aa Gv`au`tmnc `t X`cj`jmam-X`cj`s`rm Xn`l, Rgst I`w`
Eghhry _r`tt`f`, Xme`c K`f`aulmc, Egrm Eghrmy`ctn, I`f`aaulmc @l`f, ]`cy`c @bustm`cJmvma Gcbmcggrmcb Lgp`rtfgct, E`juaty ne GcbmcggrmcbRmly`t`f` WcmvgrsmtyMclncgsm`eghhry.pr`tt`f`Owmly`t`f`.`j.ml
 @hstr`jt 
\dg X`cj`jmam-X`cj`s`rm rn`l sgjtmnc ms ` c`tmnc`a`atgrc`tmvg rn`l td`t f`cy vgdmjags p`ss hy. Mc snfgpa`jgs nc tdg rn`l, jr`jks njjur `cl a`cl suhsmlgcjgnjjurs wdmjd j`c j`usg a`clsamlgs nc tdg sdnualgr ne tdg rn`l. \dg nhigjtmvg ne tdms stuly ms tn gv`au`tg tdgusg ne rgt`mcmcb w`aas tn nvgrjnfg a`clsamlgs nc tdgsdnualgr ne tdg rn`l. \`kmcb mctn `jjnuct tdgprnpgrtmgs ne tdg snma `cl tdg prnpgrtmgs ne tdg snma mctdg `rg`, `s `c mcput p`r`fgtgr j`ajua`tmnc, `c`pprnprm`tg `cl s`eg lgsbc ms lgtgrfmcgl enr tdgrgt`mcmcb w`aa typg ne sgae wgmbdt rgt`mcmcb w`aa. Hyusmcb tdg h`smj tdgnry ne g`rtd prgssurg jnanufh'stdgnry, ` a`tgr`a prgssurg j`ajua`tmnc ms pgrenrfgl td`twnrks nc tdg w`aa `cl jnfhmcgl wmtd tdg trm`a wglbgne a`tgr`a prgssurg tdgnry, tdgc j`ajua`tgs tdg tnt`aan`l rgjgmvgl hy tdg w`aa tn emcl tdg s`egty e`jtnr ne tdg w`aa rga`tmncsdmp wmtd rgsmst`cjg tn rnt`tmnc,samlmcb `cl mts hg`rmcb j`p`jmty.
 Kgywnrls 9 A`clsamlg, rgt`mcmcb w`aa, s`egty e`jtnr 
M.M
 C\XNLWJ\MNC
A`clsamlgs `rg ncg ne tdg lms`stgrs td`t netgc njjur mcMclncgsm`. \dg j`usgs j`c v`ry. Dmbd r`mce`aa `cltnpnbr`pdmj jnclmtmncs mc fujd ne Mclncgsm` `aanw enr a`clsamlgs. \dgrg `rg `asn j`usgs j`usgl hy c`tur`al`f`bg j`usgl hy duf`c grrnr sujd `s gcvmrncfgct`algstrujtmnc, mfprnpgr lgsmbc nc ` sanpgl a`cl, pnnj`rrymcb j`p`jmty ne tdg snma tn dnal tdg strujturg `hnvg mtmc sanpmcb `rg`s `cl sn nc. Ncg ne tdg f`cy a`clsamlggvgcts td`t netgc njjur ms a`clsamlgs nc tdg sdnualgr ne tdgrn`l j`usgl hy tdg `hsgcjg ne ` rgt`mcmcb w`aa cgxt tn tdgsdnualgr ne tdg rn`l wdmjd j`usgs tdg sanpg grnlgl hyrmvgr w`tgr `cl tdg sanpg tn jnaa`psg nr amvg an`l td`t mstnn a`rbg tn p`ss tdg rn`l sn td`t tdg hurlgc rgjgmvgl hytdg rn`l nutsmlg tdg amfmts ne mts hg`rmcb j`p`jmty sn td`ttdg sanpg e`maurgs. H`sgl nc tdg rgpnrt ernf H_HC(C`tmnc`a Lms`stgr F`c`bgfgct @bgcjy) `t tdg gcl ne 8?0=, mc Rgst I`v` wmtdmc ` pgrmnl ne ncg yg`r (8?0=)tdgrg wgrg 000 a`clsamlg gvgcts td`t j`usgl tdg lg`td ne 7 pgnpag, l`f`bgl 47 dnusgs `cl l 748 pgnpag w`sgv`ju`tgl. \dg stuly nhigjt ms X`cj`jmam-X`cj`s`rm sgjtmnc rn`lwdgrg ms anj`tgl `t g`stgrc H`clucb, Rgst I`w`.X`cj`jmam rn`l ms `c `atgrc`tmvg rn`l td`t jnccgjts tdgc`tmnc`a rn`l (Zuk`rcn-D`tt` rn`l) `cl tdg prnvmcjm`arn`l. \dg rn`l ms cnt tnn hmb hut hgj`usg mt ms `c`atgrc`tmvg rn`l, tdg rn`l ms fnstay p`ssgl hy fntnrmzglvgdmjags r`cbmcb ernf twn wdggas tn < fglmuf smzgwdggas. Emburg 0. sdnws mts anj`tmnc. \dms `rtmjag jncvgys tdg rgsuats ne ` stuly `hnutsanpg strgcbtdgcmcb `c`aysms td`t j`c `ppamgl tn nvgrjnfga`clsamlgs a`cl nc tdg X`cj`jmam rn`l sgjtmnc. \n bgt tdgfnst typg ne rgmcenrjgfgct `jjnrlmcbay, `c `c`aysms ne tdrgg typgs w`s jnclujtgl rgmcenrjgfgct c`fgay rgt`mcmcbw`aa (L_\), pa`stgr w`aa `cl ` jnfhmc`tmnc ne L_\ `cl pmag enucl`tmnc. Mc g`jd typg strgcbtdgcmcb, st`hmamty`c`aysms sn bgt tdg lmfgcsmncs td`t j`c wmtdst`cla`clsamlgs. Ernf tdms `c`aysms j`c lgtgrfmcgl tdg fnst`pprnprm`tg typg ne rgmcenrjgfgct.Emburg 0. \dg anj`tmnc ne tdg stuly `rg`MM.F
G\DNL
 
NE
 
@C@A]ZGZ
@jjnrlmcb tn Zurynagancn (8??8), A`clsamlgs ms `c`tur`a pdgcnfgcnc mc tdg enrf a`cl f`ss fnvgfgcts mcsg`rjd cgw h`a`cjg lug tn mctgregrgcjg ernf tdg nutsmlgwdmjd j`usgs ` rglujtmnc snma sdg`r strgcbtd `clmcjrg`smcb strgss snma. Mc bgcgr`a, a`clsamlgs j`usgl hy ` p`r`fgtgr rglujtmnc snma sdg`r strgcbtd `cl mcjrg`smcbstrgss snma. Xglujtmnc ne sdg`r strgcbtd p`r`fgtgrs snmaj`usgl hy mcjrg`smcb agvgas brnucl w`tgr `cl lgjrg`smcbtdg hncl hgtwggc tdg br`mcs snma. Xgt`mcmcb enrjg mcsuppnrt Zanpg st`hmamty ms lgtgrfmcgl hy strgcbtd dgsdnvgl. \dg sdg`r strgcbtd ne tdg snma ms mctgrc`a brnuclstrgcbtd mc dnalmcb ermjtmnc `ancb tdg pa`cg ne jnaa`psg. L`s (0==4) rgvg`agl td`t snma f`tgrm`a jnaa`psg j`usgl hy jrmtmj`a jnfhmc`tmnc ne cnrf`a strgss
c
) `cl sdg`r strgss (
ό 
). \dg rga`tmncsdmp hgtwggc sdg`r strgss `cl
 
strgsscnrf`a tn Fndr-Jnanufh e`maurg jrmtgrm` j`c hgst`tgl mc Gq. 0 `s enaanws9
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6 sdg`r strgcbtd ne snma (kb/jf
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 6 snma jndgsmnc (kb/jf
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 6 Cnrf`a strgss (kb/jf
8
)υ 6 mctgrc`a ermjtmnc `cbag (
n
)Mc g`rtd prgssurg jnuanfh's tdgnry @s sdnwc mc Emburg0, g`rtd samlgs nc tdg brnucl hgdmcl tdg rgt`mcmcb w`aawmtd ` wglbg-sd`pgl f`ss. @ssufmcb, tdg g`rtd prgssurg`jtmcb nc tdg w`aa w`s lgtgrfmcgl. Gvgc mc Jnuanfh'stdgnry ne g`rtd prgssurg, wdgc e`aamcb `cl pusdmcb tdgrgt`mcmcb w`aa (wnrkmcb st`tg), tdg rgt`mcmcb w`aa pusdgstdg brnucl hgdmcl `cl tdg g`rtd f`ss pusdgs up j`c hgjncsmlgrgl (p`ssmvg st`tg).Ernf tdg emt, tdg `jtmvg g`rtd prgssurg `cl tdg p`ssmvgg`rtd prgssurg `rg j`ajua`tgl. Mc jnuanfh's tdgnry ne g`rtd prgssurg ermjtmnc j`c hg t`kgc mctn `jjnuct. @asn, me tdg h`jk ne tdg rgt`mcmcb w`aa ms mcjamcgl nr gvgc me tdg sure`jgms mcjamcgl, tdg `ppamj`hmamty ms wmlg hgj`usg tdg g`rtd prgssurg j`c hg j`ajua`tgl. Mc tdg j`sg ne cnc-`ldgsmvgsnma, mc tdg `jtmvg st`tg sdnwc mc Emb. 8(`), mt `jts nc tdgsnma ruag tdg enrjgs `rg tdg snma f`ss
s, tdg rg`jtmnc enrjg
 X
 ne tdg brnucl `cl tdg rg`jtmnc enrjg
 _ 
 ne tdg rgt`mcmcbw`aa. \dgsg tdrgg enrjgs enrf ` enrjg trm`cbag, `cl tdgrgsuat`ct enrjg ms zgrn. Zmfma`ray enr tdg p`ssmvg st`tg `ssdnwc mc Emb. (8) Dnwgvgr, ` enrjg trm`cbag ms enrfgl, `cltdg g`rtd prgssurg j`c hg j`ajua`tgl bgnfgtrmj`aay ernftdms trm`cbag. Mc Emb. 8,
δ 
 ms tdg mcjamc`tmnc `cbag ne tdg h`jk ne tdg w`aa, `cl
m
 ms tdg mcjamc`tmnc ne tdg brnucl hgdmcl tdg w`aa. @cbag,
 θ 
 ms tdg `cbag ne tdg samp sure`jgbgcgr`tgl nc tdg brnucl hgdmcl tdg w`aa,
 μ
 ms tdg lmst`cjg hgtwggc tdg h`jk ne tdg w`aa `cl tdg brnucl tdg ermjtmnc`cbag, `cl
Υ
 ms tdg sdg`r rgsmst`cjg `cbag ne tdg brnucl hgdmcl.
Emburg 8. Jnuanfh's tdgnry ne g`rtd prgssurg
H`sgl nc bgcgr`a Jnanufh a`tgr`a g`rtd prgssurg trm`awglbg tdgnry ne a`tgr`a prgssurg `jtmcb nc ` rgt`mcmcb w`aad`s hggc lgvganpgl.
)jns(jns)smc(sgj
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t`ct`ct`c t`cjnssmc)jns(smc)jns(jns8
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 -6
Emburg :. \rm`a Rglbg \dgnry ne a`tgr`a prgssurg `jtmcb nc `rgt`mcmcb w`aa
Mc tdg trm`a wglbg tdgnry, mt ms jncsmlgrgl td`t tdg st`tg iust hgenrg tdg rgt`mcmcb w`aa ms `hnut tn hg pusdgl lnwc hy tdg h`jk brnucl `cl `hnut tn e`aa, twn "samlmcbsure`jgs" `rg `ssufgl dgrg. Ncg ms tdg samp hgtwggc tdgw`aa `cl tdg brnucl, `cl tdg ntdgr ms tdg samp ne tdgbrnucl mtsgae. Dnwgvgr, enr tdg a`ttgr, wg ln cnt kcnwwdgrg tdg samlmcb sure`jg ms. Mt ms kcnwc td`t tdg `cbag ύtd`t tdms samlmcb sure`jg f`kgs wmtd tdg dnrmznct`a pa`cg msa`rbgr td`c tdg mctgrc`a ermjtmnc `cbag υ ne tdg brnucl (`sgxpa`mcgl g`ramgr, tdg brnucl ms st`hag me tdg mcjamc`tmnc`cbag ms agss td`c tdg mctgrc`a ermjtmnc `cbag). \dms wmaa cntgxjggl =? lgbrggs\dgrgenrg, agt's jncsmlgr tdg "st`tg mffglm`tgay hgenrgst`rtmcb tn samlg", `ssufmcb ` samlmcb sure`jg `t `c`pprnprm`tg pa`jg mc tdg uppgr r`cbg. Rd`t ms `hnut tnsamlg nut dgrg ms ` trm`cbua`r f`ss enrfgl hy tdg tdrggsmlgs ne "w`aa," "samlg sure`jg ne tdg brnucl," `cl "brnuclsure`jg," `s sdnwc mc tdg emburg `hnvg. Rglbg ". Cgxt, agt's jncsmlgr tdg h`a`cjg ne enrjgs `jtmcb ncg`jd smlg ne tdms f`ss. Emrst ne `aa, tdg f`ss R ne tdgf`ss, wdmjd, ne jnursg, `jts vgrtmj`aay. \dg rg`jtmnc enrjg
 _ 
 bgcgr`tgl nc tdg w`aa (tdms ms tdg v`aug ne "g`rtd prgssurg" wg `rg sggkmcb) `jts mc tdg lmrgjtmnc(:)(8)(7)(<)
5
 
 pgrpgclmjua`r tn tdg w`aa, sn me tdg w`aa d`s `c mcjamc`tmncΰ, mt wmaa Ag`c `b`mcst mt. Eurtdgrfnrg, tdgrg ms ` w`aaermjtmnc `cbag μ (`s lgsjrmhgl prgvmnusay), sn tdg emc`a tmat`cbag ms ΰ + μ.\dg a`st ms tdg rg`jtmnc
 X
 ernf tdg snma nc tdguclgrsmlg ne tdg f`ss. \dms ms ` enrjg pgrpgclmjua`r tn tdgsamlmcb sure`jg `cl `t `c `cbag ne ύ tn tdg vgrtmj`a pa`cg, hut lug tn tdg mctgrc`a ermjtmnc `cbag υ ne tdg snma, mt rgsuatsmc `c `cbag ne ύ-υ.MMM.Z
NMA
 J
D@X@J\GXMZ\MJZ
 \n bgt tdg p`r`fgtgrs a`cl rgqumrgl bnnl emgal tgstmcb`cl a`hnr`tnry. Emgal \gstmcb hy jnclujtmcb ` hnrmcb `cls`fpamcb tgst. Hgsmlgs td`t, tn emcl nut tdg j`p`jmty snmasuppnrt ms `asn LJ_\. Zuhsgqugct snma s`fpags wgrgt`kgc tn a`hnr`tnry enr tgstmcb a`hnr`tnry. \gst tdg snma p`r`fgtgrs jnclujtgl mc tdg a`hnr`tnry mcjaulmcb w`tgr jnctgct, ucmt wgmbdt, spgjmemj br`vmty, jncsmstgcjy, br`mcsmzg lmstrmhutmnc `cl sdg`r strgcbtd ne snma.L`t` jnaagjtmcb ms jncsmst ne prmf`ry `cl sgjncl`ryl`t` jnaagjtmnc. _rmf`ry l`t` fg`cs l`t` nht`mcgl ernflmrgjt nhsgrv`tmnc mtgs sujd `s9 anj`tmnc rgvmgw `clfg`surgfgct wmtd tdg `mf ne nhsgrvmcb tdg smtu`tmncrgsg`rjd smtg, t`kmcb pdntns, smtg nhsgrv`tmncs, t`kmcbs`fpags `cl `c`aysms. Zgjncl`ry l`t` fg`cs l`t`nht`mcgl ernf ntdgr p`rtmgs jncjgrcgl wmtd tdg pa`ccmcblncg.
\`hag 0. Znma prnpgrtmgs
 CnZnma prnpgrtmgsZyfhnaU`augWcmt0Znma Wcmt Rgmbdt
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Br`mc Zmzg (ff)
BX @ L @ \ MN C (%)JA@ZZMEMGL BX@LMCB_@ZZ (%)
 Br`vga(Xgt`mc # 0?, _`ss # 8) 0.05 Zmgvg # 0?(8.?? ff) =4.4< Z`cl(Xgt`mc # 8??, _`ss # 0?) 87.=? Zmgvg # <?(?.<87 ff) =0.44 Zmat & Ja`y(_`ss # 8??) 28.=< Zmgvg # 8??(?.?2< ff) 28.=<
Ja`y
Emburg <. Br`mc smzg lmstrmhutmnc ne smtg `rg`\dg rgsuats ne pdysmj`a prnpgrtmgs ne snma p`r`fgtgrstgsts mc tdms a`ygr `rg `s enaanws9 _a`stmjmty Mclgx 07%,fnmsturg jnctgct 88.<?%, lgcsmty ne snma p`rtmjag 8.7<4b/jf
:
 `cl ucmt wgmbdt 0.5?= b/jf
:
. \dg br`mc smzglmstrmhutmnc `c`aysms rgsuats mc tdg stuly `rg` sdnws td`ttdg b`p-br`lgl snma wmtd cn jnct`mc nc
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\dg rgt`mcmcb w`aa ms ` strujturg lgsmbcgl `cl humat tnwmtdst`cl a`tgr`a prgssurg (dnrmznct`a) a`cl wdgc tdgrg msjd`cbgs mc brnucl gagv`tmnc hgyncl tdg `t-rgst `cbag mctdg brnucl. \dg mfpnrt`ct e`jtnrs mc lgsmbcmcb `cl humalrgt`mcmcb w`aas `rg trymcb tn kggp tdg w`aa `cjdnrmcb tdgbrnucl nr cnt fnvmcb tdg a`cl ms a`clsamlg lug tn br`vmty.A`tgr`a brnucl prgssurg hgdmcl rgt`mcmcb w`aa ducb tn tdgsdg`r `cbag mc tdg brnucl (υ) `cl jndgsmnc (j). A`tgr`a prgssurg mcjrg`sgs ernf tdg tnp tn tdg vgry hnttnf nc tdgrgt`mcmcb w`aa. Me cnt wgaa pa`ccgl, snma prgssurg wmaa pusdtdg rgt`mcmcb w`aa j`usmcb e`maurg jncstrujtmnc `cl samlg.H`sgl nc tdg jd`r`jtgrmstmjs ne tdg snma nc tdg smtg,sgvgr`a lgsmbcs wgrg f`lg t`kmcb mctn `jjnuct s`egtye`jtnrs. Ne tdg tdrgg typgs ne rgmcenrjgfgct \dg trm`a `clgrrnr tn ` cufhgr ne lmfgcsmnc`a v`rm`tmncs sn ZE v`augs`rg nht`mcgl. Zanpg lgja`rgl mc s`eg jnclmtmnc me d`s `s`egty cufhgr ne fnrg td`c 0.7. \dg rgsuats ne tdg`c`aysms ne g`jd typg tdg rgmcenrjgfgct ms `s enaanws.
Zgae-Rgmbdt Xgt`mcmcb R`aa 
Emburg 7. Lmfgcsmnc ne rgt`mcmcb w`aa lgsmbc
5
 
(0) Zgae wgbmdtRgmbdt
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