Chapter 4 - Correlative Conjunctions

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BSE : 3.4/4.4/1/4.4
A. Identity
BASIC COMPETENCE
3.4 menerapkan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsure kebahasaan teks interaksi
transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi
terkait hubungan setara antara dua benda/tindakan, sesuai dengan konteks
penggunaannya. (Perhatikan unsure kebahasaan both... and; not only ... but also; either ...
or; neither ... nor)
4.4 menyusun teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan
member dan meminta informasi yang mengandung hubungan setara antara dua
benda/tindakan, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur
kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks
CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
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Learning purpose
In this chapter, you will learn about some

conjunctions. Surely, you will have to know the
proper grammatical structure to make
meaningful sentences. Practicing by writing and
speakingis needed to enhance your understanding
on the social function and the structure of
conjunctions.
B. Concept mapping
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C. Learning process
GENERAL INSTRUCTION : You have to do the activities step by step to understand the
learning material. At the end, there will be an evaluation to test your level of
understanding on the material. When your level is above the passing score, you may
continue to the next material.
Before you ask for the evaluation, please ensure yourself that you have already
mastered the whole material in this chapter.
Before learning :
Based on the situation given, fill in the blanks with the conjunctions provided in the
box!
Plastic and fossil fuel now become the big threat for creatures’ lives. Many marine animals die
because of eating the plastic waste which is thrown to the sea or ocean. Plants cannot grow healthily
due to the land and air pollution. The increasing pollution in the air, in the water, and on the land
causes humans get many kinds of diseases. The earth is badly damaged.
Not only…but also..., both…and, either…or, and neither.
1. __________ plastic waste ____________threatens the creatures’ lives.

2. Plants are in danger because of __________ land __________air pollution.
3. The life span of __________ animals __________plants will be shorter than it should be.
4. Humans cannot live healthily and __________can plants and animals.
To understand more about how to use the conjunctions, do the following activities!
See more conjunctions on the grammar book!
Whilstlearning :
ACTIVITY ONE
Here are three paragraphs containing some conjunctions you are about to learn.
Write the sentences with the underlined conjunctions. Then analyze the grammatical
structure of each sentence by writing the pattern.
A. Both the land pollution and the water pollution influence the lives of not only human but also animals.
They cannot grow healthily. Those who cannot adapt the pollution will soon be extinct. However, human,
the natural destroyer, haven’t done anything yet to revitalize the damaged nature. They keep on either
exploiting the natural resources overwhelmingly or throwing inorganic waste on the land and river or sea.
Neither of the governments has the strict policy to save the Earth.
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B. The hotels near the beach get the negative impacts of the abundant plastic waste on the beach and so do
the restaurants there. The visitors neither pay attention on the cleanliness nor take care of the clean
environment. Is that because of their typical mindset saying that there is always someone else who is
paid to clean it? If it is so, either notice, announcement or warning to keep the environment clean will be
useless. Therefore, families must educate their children to love their environment and schools do too.
C. Young people should be not only encouraged but also forced to reduce the use of plastic. They must
understand that it will gradually both endanger the lives and cause the extinction of the creatures.
Unfortunately, the grown-ups doesn’t either give the examples of caring the nature or at least have the
effort to recycle or reuse. Poor the Earth! Land won’t be the comfortable place for the creature anymore,
and neither will the sea or water.
ACTIVITY TWO
To understand how to apply the conjunctions, do the exercise below! Join the two
sentences into the correct and meaningful one by using one or two conjunctions!
1. Plastic is used in food industries. Plastic is used in beverage industries.

2. The people’s knowledge on the danger of plastic is still low. The awareness on the danger of plastic is still
low.
3. Water pollution cannot be tolerated anymore. Land pollution cannot be tolerated anymore.
4. The natural resources must be taken care of simultaneously. The natural resources must be taken care of
in an integrative system.
5. According to people, plastic is durable. According to people, plastic is efficient.
6. Consumers don’t care about how to recycle the plastic waste. Producers don’t care about how to recycle
the plastic waste.
7. There have been plenty of pictures about reusing the plastic waste. There have been plenty of videos
about reusing the plastic waste.
8. Some tutorial videos on recycling plastic waste may inspire people to so the same. Some tutorial videos
on recycling plastic waste may motivate people to be more creative.
9. Being creative in processing the plastic waste can open a new business. Being creative in processing the
plastic waste can increase the family income.
10. The marine lives are badly impacted due to the tremendous plastic waste in the ocean. The people’s
oceanic food is badly impacted due to the tremendous plastic waste in the ocean.
11. The land is polluted by the bottled water and plastic-wrapped snacks. The water – rivers and ocean - is
polluted by the bottled water and plastic-wrapped snacks.
12. Governments are forced to manage their plastic waste by recycling it. Governments are forced to
manage their plastic waste by reusing it.
13. For good news, there have been many creative people using plastic for decoration. Some governments
establish a department to manage the plastic waste.
14. In fact, people know the danger of the plastic waste. People realize that it is going to be a deadly
catastrophic disaster.
15. Ecologists work hard to find the ways to clean the environment from the plastic waste. The
environmentalists work hard to find the ways to clean the environment from the plastic waste.
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ACTIVITY THREE
Correct the sentences below!
1. Indonesia has not only many beautiful beaches but wonderful marine lives.
2. A lot of schools still ignore their plastic waste and so are the governmental offices.
3. The amount of plastic which is drifting on the seas is either alarming nor worrying.
4. Either the ecologists or the environmentalist have a great concern on the fact that on some beaches on
the Big Island of Hawaii, as much as 15 percent of the sand is actually grains of microplastic.
5. Both wind turbines and solar panels is ever-more common, not only in the west and in fast-growing China.
6. Industries drain the fuel mines and neither do the steam engines.
7. Either coal nor oil helps humans get improving technologies.
8. Many governments are now trying to subsidize not only the clean-power sources and efficient cars and
buildings.
9. Neither renewables nor nuclear power sources still cannot displace the fossil fuel.
10. The weather is greatly affected by the overconsumption of fossil fuel and the air pollution is either.
11. The rise of temperature in the Earth either has resulted in melting of polar ice caps or in flooding of low
lying area.
12. Oil can be highly dangerous but also cause a massive damage.
13. The result of fuel combustion can cause serious health complications and the emission of the greenhouse
gasses too.
14. Neither the oil leaks from the oil tanker or the oil spill on the ocean endanger the oceanic biota.
15. Either the wind turbines or solar panels the alternative renewable sources of energy.
ACTIVITY FOUR
Apply those conjunctions in a dialogue with your friends!
Closing:
NOW, SUMMARIZE WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNT BY COMPLETING THE SENTENCES BELOW! TRY
NOT SEEING THE GRAMMAR BOOK.
1. How do we use “both …and”, “not only …but also”, “either … or” and “neither … nor”?
2. How do we use “and …too” and “and …either”?
3. How do we use “and so…” and “and neither …”
4. Give example of each conjunction!
SHOW YOUR ANSWERS TO THE TEACHER AND LET HER / HIM CHECK IT.
NOW, FILL IN THE TABLE BELOW TO REFLECT YOURSELF ON UNDERSTANDING THE MATERIAL!
SELF-REFLECTION ON THE MASTERY OF MATERIALS

No questions Yes No
1. Can you differentiate the function of each
conjunction?
2. Can you apply those conjunctions in sentences?
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1

In this chapter, you will learn about some

Not only…but also..., both…and, either…or, and neither.

1. plastic waste __threatens the creatures’ lives.

1. Plastic is used in food industries. Plastic is used in beverage industries.

SELF-REFLECTION ON THE MASTERY OF MATERIALS

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