Taller N°2 filosofía política

Duván Alberto Gelves Galvis 22180510

Jordán Steeven Peñaranda Vega 22180522
María Alejandra Parra Flórez 22180519
Nelson Eduardo Nuñez Reyes 22180530
Rubén David Oñate Ballesteros 22180505

Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Santo Tomás

82578: filosofía política

Prof. Lucia Estevez

21 de febrero 2021
 1. Who is Martin Luther King?

Martin Luther King Jr. was an American activist and pastor who advocated the civil
rights of African Americans in a time strongly marked by the racismo. He was born in
Atlanta on January 15, 1929 and was assassinated on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, among his
studies is his degree in Sociology from Morehouse College, a doctorate in theology at Boston
University, he also obtained a doctorate in Philosophy in 1995. His fight for equality led him
to always be involved in issues of protests and campaigns in which the Birmingham in
Alabama stands out in which he was imprisoned. In 1964 he received the Nobel Peace Prize
at only 35 years old.

2. Why the negro is still languished in the corners of American society?

Discrimination still persists today, because we still have in our memory that almost that
programming of hate and discrimination that has been dictated by generations full of folly,
these teachings still persist in many of the acts of our society, many times involuntarily, This
will stop at the moment in which the new generations are hermetically educated not to
distinguish between skin color, ways of thinking or being, it is in that process of gradually
cleaning up that rascism that although it is no longer so recurrent as in times past it still
leaves sequels.
Another reason why rascism continues to exist apart from ignorance or simply intolerance, is
fear, it has been proven that "there is a close link between familiarity and our way of judging:
the more we know something or someone, the more we like it , and vice versa. "(Rodriguez,
B, 2020)

3. What does the following sentence mean: "To the extent that your citizens of color
are concerned rather than honoring this sacred obligation that the United States has
given to black people a bad check effect that has come back marked as insufficient
money"

To understand the phrase well, we must go back to the beginning of everything, when the
British colonies began to bring African slaves to the American continent with which
landowners and wealthy people settled in America obtained cheap and exploitable labor to
the maximum, and this slave trade It grew largely thanks to the well-known triangular trade
of the Europeans, it was there that the torture of this people began, in turn the slaves became
a key part of the country's economy that continued to grow and grow until Abraham Lincoln
appeared. It was proposed to abolish slavery but by that time this was so embedded in the
culture and the economy that it ended up forming a civil war known as the Civil War in
which they were victorious and slavery was abolished, but that was only the first blank check,
was the first false hope for the black people because although it was supposed that now they
proclaimed themselves as free men, they did not enjoy true freedom, they simply stopped
doing forced labor, unfortunately in most people they had such a deep-rooted thought towards
racism that even though blacks were now free men it was impossible for them to accept their
defeat and much less thinking about assuming them as equals, the result of this were macabre
and ruthless organizations that promoted racism such as the ku kux klan, after its decline the
country entered a time when many states passed laws that recognized the black population
but they promoted racial segregation, this was another era of bad checks and false promises,
basically they promoted a discourse in which blacks are people and are free but different and
less valuable than them, the worst thing about it is that this considering them less It was not
only a common current of thought among white people but the laws made it see to the point
that the entire community ne I ended up living practically in a different society from whites,
different neighborhoods, different hospitals, different schools, they were guaranteed their
basic rights but they did not want to mix with them, that is how rotten American society was
or is. As expected, this situation began to despair the black community, which in the 20th
century found a leader named Martin Luther King, a studious man, well-spoken and willing
to fight for true equality, many states began to change their laws for another that in the end
they treated blacks and whites equally. Would these legislative changes be another bad
check? We would like to think that no, that the society we live in is a society where there is
equality, however, if that were totally true, movements like those of 2013 and 2020 would not
have exploded with “black lives matter”. Until a profound change of mind is made where
people treat each other the same regardless of race or belief and not because the law says they
are equal, but genuinely feel that they deserve to be treated equally, we will not be able to
deliver a real check, a change that works, a better society.

4. In Colombia, is there any exclusion of Afro-descendant and indigenous

communities? Explain it.
 In Colombia, the situation of indigenous and Afro-Colombian communities has passed
fifteen years after the issuance of Law 70 of 1993 (which aims to establish mechanisms for
the protection of cultural identity and the rights of
Colombia's black communities as an ethnic group), remains characterized mainly by
marginalization and exclusion. Even in scenarios related to policy and construction and
infrastructure, the rights of these communities are violated, since when performing
megaprojects such as road construction (such as animas-nuquí) or dams (such as Salvajina);
directly affect the territorial rights and social, cultural and environmental integrity of Afro-
Colombians. In view of the above, it can be inferred that the rights of the country's black
communities are at constant risk and that despite the existing regulatory development,
policies and strategies must be used to make the improvement of the living conditions of this
vulnerable population a reality. (Rodríguez, G, 2008)

5. Identify and explain three (3) expressions of Matin Luther King related to the
pharase “now is the time”

In his "I have a dream" speech, Martin Luther King (1963) said:
"Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the enlightened
path of racial justice."
"Now is the time" with these words Martin Luther King calls for awakening, conscience and
hope, creates anticipation for an oppressed, anxious community of justice and equity; in turn,
it generates a call of attention to an indifferent community, which boasts of its position in the
face of the existing problem.
Martin Luther King describes segregation as a dark and desolate valley, a fairly apt analogy
for america's situation in those moments of discrimination, violence, and racial segregation,
expressing the pain, bitterness, and sadness that this problem left in its wake. After this, he
makes a general invitation to change, using the word "enlightened" to describe the path to
racial justice, as the true one, as one that would bring freedom and equality to his people and,
in turn, a space worthy of coexistence between the two communities.
"Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of
brotherhood."
Through this phrase, Martin Luther King makes it clear that the struggle is carried out
through peaceful means and nonviolent actions. Using the term "quicksand" refers to the
great social tensions created between the two communities for years, holding them
responsible for sinking the country into inequality and misery. He associates brotherhood as a
solid rock, a stable and safe point, in which his struggle can develop and bear fruit freely. By
using the word brotherhood, he wants to raise awareness of the solidarity that must be created
among every citizen of the country, because as he well said: "Darkness cannot expel
darkness: only light can do it. Hate cannot expel hatred: only love can do that."
"Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children. It would be fatal for the
nation to ignore the urgency of the moment"
Martin Luther King was an activist, who fought for the civil rights of African Americans for
racial justice, his influence was so great that he visualized a common good and decided to
lead his community in the process. The words "making justice a reality" were not left in
simple speeches, but were instead supported by facts, including Project C and the various
peaceful protests that resulted in the ratification of Amendment 24, which abolished the
voting tax and the Civil Rights Act, which prohibited racial discrimination in employment
and education , as well as racial segregation in public facilities. (Ministry of Culture of
Argentina. s,f)

6. What is the importance of Martin Luther King’s “I have a dream” speech? Is it

possible today in today’s Colombia to think of a similar discourse? Explain it.

The speech that Martin Luther King gave in Washington takes on special importance
due to the problems that surround it, where he talks about discrimination, for this specific
case the racial discrimination suffered by black people in the United States and that today in
Today it is still being presented and it has become more visible thanks to social networks. But
Martin's approach in his speech "I have a dream" did not focus on these inequalities due to
skin color, but rather focused on the search for equality, freedom and the goal of reaching a
society in where the difference is not a determining factor in the quality of life and access to
rights of some or other people, reaching that everyone is seen in the same way and finally
reaching a truly just society and where everyone is truly free, which should be a goal to be
achieved worldwide.
Regarding Colombia, a speech like the one given by Martin Luther King 58 years ago
would fit quite well today, since, although it is a question of denying, discrimination in the
country is existing and as Guerrero (2012) says “In Colombia, historically-structural racist
and discriminatory practices, although generalized, have been suffered by different sectors
that do not belong to the elites, mainly, indigenous people and Afro-descendants”. This
shows that the Colombian context lends itself perfectly to raising awareness of discrimination
and the damage it does to a multicultural population such as the one in the country, then, as in
the case of the United States, the appearance of new leaders is necessary. that can represent
these most vulnerable communities that for years have been left in oblivion and therefore the
focus of discrimination generated even by the government against these people who in most
cases are in remote areas causing indifference state is presented more easily, that is why when
analyzing Martin's words together with the current environment in Colombia, it is understood
that it is not only about thinking about a similar discourse, but that it is presented as a need
that is it increases year after year.

Referencias

• Franciso roballo. (2019). Grupo minimo, experimento de Jane Elliot. Recuperado de:
https://lamenteesmaravillosa.com/grupo-minimo-el-experimento-de-jane-elliot/7
claves para entender el RACISMO y la SEGREGACIÓN RACIAL en EE.UU.
(2020). Recuperado de: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kb3yLFN7ny8
• ¿De dónde viene el racismo que vive Estados Unidos?. (2020). Recuperado de:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xv5Z6vmKjoY
• Martin Luther King - I Have A Dream Speech. (1963). Recuperado de:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smEqnnklfYs
• Ministerio de cultura de Argentina. (s,f). Martin Luther King: cinco hitos para
recordarlo. Recuperado de: https://www.cultura.gob.ar/martin-luther-king-un-
luchador-de-los-derechos-civiles-
8669/#:~:text=Su%20lucha%20por%20la%20igualdad,extendi%C3%B3%20por%20t
odo%20el%20mundo.&text=En%201955%20Luther%20King%20comenz%C3%B3,
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• El Mundo (2013). Tengo un sueño. Recuperado de:
https://www.elmundo.es/especiales/2013/internacional/martin-luther-king/texto-
integro.html
• Rodriguez , B (2020). Causas de la discriminación racial. Tomado de: Causas de la
discriminación racial | Ayuda en Acción (ayudaenaccion.org)
• Rodríguez, G. (2008). CONTINÚA LA EXCLUSIÓN Y MARGINACIÓN DE LAS
COMUNIDADES NEGRAS COLOMBIANAS. Diálogos de saberes.