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    PLC Based Elevator Control System-1

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    Belete Getachew
    This document describes a project to design a PLC-based elevator control system with a human-machine interface (HMI). A group of 5 students created ladder logic programs for the PLC and an HMI interface to control a 4-floor elevator system. Input devices include buttons and sensors, while outputs control indicators and contactors. The PLC and HMI designs were simulated and tested to function properly without the physical hardware. The project demonstrated digital control of an elevator and additional override control through an HMI for security purposes.

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    PLC Based Elevator Control System-1

    Uploaded by

    Belete Getachew
    358 views26 pages
    This document describes a project to design a PLC-based elevator control system with a human-machine interface (HMI). A group of 5 students created ladder logic programs for the PLC and an HMI interface to control a 4-floor elevator system. Input devices include buttons and sensors, while outputs control indicators and contactors. The PLC and HMI designs were simulated and tested to function properly without the physical hardware. The project demonstrated digital control of an elevator and additional override control through an HMI for security purposes.

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    PLC BASED ELEVATOR CONTROL SYSTEM-1

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    This document describes a project to design a PLC-based elevator control system with a human-machine interface (HMI). A group of 5 students created ladder logic programs for the PLC and an HMI interface to control a 4-floor elevator system. Input devices include buttons and sensors, while outputs control indicators and contactors. The PLC and HMI designs were simulated and tested to function properly without the physical hardware. The project demonstrated digital control of an elevator and additional override control through an HMI for security purposes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    358 views26 pages

    PLC Based Elevator Control System-1

    Uploaded by

    Belete Getachew
    This document describes a project to design a PLC-based elevator control system with a human-machine interface (HMI). A group of 5 students created ladder logic programs for the PLC and an HMI interface to control a 4-floor elevator system. Input devices include buttons and sensors, while outputs control indicators and contactors. The PLC and HMI designs were simulated and tested to function properly without the physical hardware. The project demonstrated digital control of an elevator and additional override control through an HMI for security purposes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 26

    PLC BASED ELEVATOR

    CONTROL SYSTEM
    Adama Science and Technology

    University

    PROJECT FOR THE COURSE SEMESTER PROJECT- II

    Group Members
    1. Melaku Zewdu
    2. Nathan Tarekegn
    3. Rebira Guddisa
    4. Yewhalaeshet Zeleke
    5. Feleku Mulu

    February 3 /2013
    Abstract
    • PLC (programmable Logic Controller) based digital control system for
    elevator.
    • four floored building
    • PLC program can be easily extended to any number of floors.
    • not just user control, but total system control and override from a
    computer system for security, emergency and other purposes, an HMI
    (human machine interface).
    • HMI is understandable and easy to operate by non-technical staff.
    • It has all the advantages of a digital system.
    Acknowledgement
    We want to thank:
    • Our department
    • Instructor Zemenfes
    • People who gave us PLC course
    Chapter I
    Introduction
    Background and significance of the project
    • Inputs (to the PLC):
    • User Interface: push-buttons inside and outside elevator door
    • Sensors: elevator position, overweight, door-block
    • HMI: on a computer, inside a control/security room
    • 17 input pins used (I0.0 to I2.0)
    • Outputs (from the PLC):
    • User interface: LED indicators, speaker
    • Actuators: contactors
    • 10 output pins used (Q0.0 to Q1.1)
    Background and significance of the project (cont.)
    Elevator user interface
    Background and significance of the project (cont.)
    Advantages of the human machine interface include:
    • total system control and override from a computer system for security,
    emergency and other purposes.
    • disable the elevator control buttons in times of power shortage.
    • in a hospital where the elevator should be able to be sent to some floor
    without interruptions from other users
    • Overweight sensor sends signal, in addition to the user, to controller/security
    person on the HMI so he can take action.
    • User can send emergency call in times of difficulty
    Background and significance of the project (cont.)
    • elevator goes in one direction until all the callers in that direction are
    served or it has reached the last floor.
    • Reversing elevator direction unnecessarily is thought to kill extra
    power and time.
    Objectives
    General objectives:
    • The system can perfectly process the input it gets from the user and HMI.
    • Input from the controller (HMI) overrides input from user.
    • The elevator transportation will be managed efficiently.
    • There will be real time inspection of the system from a personal computer (HMI).
    • The system works fine even if the HMI software is disconnected

    Specific objectives:
    • The system will have minimum power requirements and will be compact.
    • The human machine interface will be clear and easy enough to be managed by
    non-professionals.
    Statement of the Problem
    • absence of HMI in the control of elevator systems.
    • HMI is needed in situations where control of elevator is very
    important, mainly for security reasons.
    • where a large number of people may try to use the elevator
    simultaneously, and when the elevator cannot hold the weight, and
    further action by security people is needed.
    • need for the elevator on some floor in an emergency, such as in a
    hospital.
    Scope of the Project
    • focuses on the PLC code and HMI of an elevator system
    • four floor building
    • not get deeply into the mechanical components of the elevator
    system such as the motors.
    • Hardware not tested
    Chapter II
    Literature Review
    • PLCs capable of performing the same tasks as hard-wired control.
    • But hard-wiring, though still required to connect field devices, is less
    intensive.
    • additional advantages of PLCs:
    • Smaller physical size
    • Easier and faster to make changes (a few wire connections)
    • have integrated diagnostics and override functions
    • Diagnostics are centrally available
    • Applications can be immediately documented
    • Applications can be duplicated faster and less expensively
    Literature Review (cont.)
    • A user interface is the system by which users interact with a machine.
    It provides a means of:
    • Input, allowing the users to manipulate a system
    • Output, allowing the system to indicate the effects of the users' manipulation
    • A human-machine interface (HMI) is usually employed as user
    interface. A simple system may use buttons and lights to interact with
    the user. Text displays are available as well as graphical touch screens.
    • HMI is the space where interaction between humans and machines
    occurs.
    Literature Review (cont.)

    • Input Scan: Detects the state of all input devices that are
    connected to the PLC
    • Program Scan: Executes the user created program logic.
    • Output Scan: Energizes or de-energize all output devices that are
    connected to the PLC.
    • Housekeeping: This step includes communications with
    programming terminals, internal Diagnostics etc...
    Chapter III
    Methodology
    List of software we used:
    • SIMATIC Step 7 as our PLC: we used ladder logic programming language
    • S7-PLCSIM as our PLC hardware simulator
    • SIMATIC WinCC flexible for HMI
    Chapter IV
    Design and Implementation
    • Input devices: 11 push button and 6 sensors
    Push-button and sensor

    Fig: input circuitry

    • We also used memory bits from M 0.0 (memory byte zero – bit zero)
    to M 0.6 (memory byte zero – bit six). They are used to store memory
    for various purposes in the program.
    Design and Implementation (cont.)
    Name address
    gotoF1pb I 0.0
    gotoF2pb I 0.1
    gotoF3pb I 0.2
    gotoF4pb I 0.3
    call4Fpb I 0.4
    call3Fpb I 0.5
    call2Fpb I 0.6
    call1Fpb I 0.7
    manualDooropen I 1.0
    manualDoorClose I 1.1
    sensorF1 I 1.2
    sensorF2 I 1.3
    sensorF3 I 1.4
    sensorF4 I 1.5
    emergencyCall I 1.6
    weightSensor I 1.7
    doorBlocksensor I 2.0

    Table: List of input pins


    Design and Implementation (cont.)
    • Output devices: 28 indicators, 4 contactors, and one speaker.
    Design and Implementation (cont.)
    Design and Implementation (cont.)
    Implementation
    Implementation (cont.)
    Implementation (cont.)
    Testing the PLC Ladder Logic
    • using the S7-PLCSIM software
    • Input are simulated by ticking checkboxes
    Design of HMI
    Using Simatic WINCC flexible.
    • Input: 12 buttons
    • Output: 14 buttons (indicators)
    Conclusions
    • Both the PLC by itself, and the HMI with the PLC have been simulated
    and they worked as expected.
    • We did not build the actual hardware, but only the PLC software and
    HMI.
    Recommendations
    • improve the HMI to be animated.
    • include the electro-mechanical components such as motors in the
    design.
    • Project can be implemented with switches in place of sensors if they
    are not available.

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