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Reasoning COURSE BOOK

Ability

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 INDEX
hapter 1
C
Series Completion .................................................................................................................................................1–9
Chapter 2
lphabet Test and Number Test. ...................................................................................................................10–14
A
Chapter 3
Coding–decoding ..............................................................................................................................................15-34
hapter 4
C
Distance and Directions ...................................................................................................................................35-44
Chapter 5
Blood Relations..................................................................................................................................................45-53
Chapter 6
Sitting Arrangements........................................................................................................................................54-73
hapter 7
C
Puzzle Test ...........................................................................................................................................................74-93
Chapter 8
Syllogism...........................................................................................................................................................94-105
Chapter 9
Order and Ranking........................................................................................................................................106-111
hapter 10
C
In-equalities ...................................................................................................................................................112-120
hapter 11
C
Input and Output............................................................................................................................................121-132
Chapter 12
Data Sufficiency............................................................................................................................................133-138
hapter 13
C
Eligibility Test................................................................................................................................................139-147
hapter 14
C
Statement & Conclusions ...........................................................................................................................148-156
Chapter 15
tatement & Course of Action...................................................................................................................157-161
S
Chapter 16
Statement & Assumptions ..........................................................................................................................162-166
 hapter 17
C
Statement & Arguments..............................................................................................................................167-170
hapter 18
C
Inference..........................................................................................................................................................171-173
Chapter 19
Critical Reasoning ........................................................................................................................................174-180

GENERAL INTELLIGENCE
Chapter 1
Mathematical Ability Test ..........................................................................................................................181-189
Chapter 2
Analogy ..........................................................................................................................................................190-191
Chapter 3
Venn diagram .................................................................................................................................................192-193
Chapter 4
Cubes and Dice ..............................................................................................................................................194-205
Chapter 5
Paper Cutting..................................................................................................................................................206-211
Chapter 6
Paper Folding .................................................................................................................................................212-215
Chapter 7
Mirror Images ................................................................................................................................................216-224
Chapter 8
Water images..................................................................................................................................................225-232
Chapter 9
Problems on Completing an Incomplete Pattern..................................................................................233-236
Chapter 10
Clock ................................................................................................................................................................237-244
Chapter 11
Calendar ..........................................................................................................................................................245-252
 SERIES COMPLETION 1
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1 SERIES COMPLETION
In verbal series, words, letters or digits are given in a specific sequence/order and we have to find out next
word, letter or digit to complete the given series.

TYPES OF SERIES COMPLETION

TYPE 1 : ALPHABET SERIES
In series, given alphabets follows a particular pattern or sequence or order. We have to detect the pattern from
the given alphabets and find missing alphabet or the next alphabet to continue the pattern.
• There are no set rules.
• There can be omission of alphabets in an order.
• Alphabets may also be omitted in an increasing/decresing order, which may be direct increase or decrease.
• In solving these questions pattern of the alphabet series should be noted.
POSITION OF ALPHABETS

Position from Left to Right 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Alphabets A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Position from Right to left 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

SOME SKIPPING PATTERNS

(i) Regular Order : Number of alphabets skipped remains the same.
Ex. A, D, G, J,............ ?
Ans. M
as 2 alphabets are skipped each time.
ABCDEFGHIJKLM
(ii) Increasing order
Each time the number of alphabets skipped increases in a given pattern.
Ex. A, C, F, J, O ?
Ans. U (A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U)
each time number of letter skipped increases by 1.
(iii) Decreasing order
Each time the number of letters skipped decreases in a given pattern.
Ex. A G L P S ?
Ans. U
Here, number of letters skipped decreases by one each time i.e. first 5, then 4, then 3, and so on.
(iv) Interlinked Series
In this two or more series are attached together. These different series follows their own rules.
Ex. A D F J M R ?

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 VERBAL REASONING 2
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Ans. V
Here there are two interlinked series.
+6 +8

A D F J M R —

+5 +7 +9

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1. Which term comes next in the sequence AC, FH, KM, PR ?
(a) UW (b) VW (c) UX (d) TV
(e) None of these
Sol. Clearly, the first and second letters of each term are moved five steps forward to obtain the corresponding
letter of the next term. Thus, the first letter of the missing term must be five steps ahead of P i.e. U, while the
second letter must be five letter ahead of R i.e. W.
So, missing term is UW, ∴, answer is (a).
2. Find next term in the series
BMO, EOQ, HQS, ?
(a) KSU (b) LMN (c) SOV (d) SOW
Sol. Clearly, we observe the following pattern :
The first letter follows the pattern +3 i.e.
+3 +3 +3
B ⎯⎯→ E ⎯⎯→ H ⎯⎯→ (K)
The second letter follows the pattern +2 i.e.
+2 +2 +2
M ⎯⎯→ O ⎯⎯→ Q ⎯⎯→ (S)
The third letter follows the pattern +2 i.e.
+2 +2 +2
O ⎯⎯→ Q ⎯⎯→ S ⎯⎯→ (U)
Thus the missing term is KSU, Hence the answer is (a).
3. Which term comes next in the series YEB, WFD, UHG, SKI, ?
(a) QOL (b) QGL (c) TOL (d) QNL
Sol. We observe the following patterns.
−2
1st letter : Y ⎯⎯→ −2 −2 −2
W ⎯⎯→ U ⎯⎯→ S ⎯⎯→ (Q)

2nd letter : E ⎯⎯
+1 +2 +3 +4
→ F ⎯⎯→ H ⎯⎯→ K ⎯⎯→ (O)

3rd letter : B ⎯⎯→

+2 +3 +2 +3
D ⎯⎯→ G ⎯⎯→ I ⎯⎯→ (L)
Thus, the missing term is QOL, Hence the answer is (a).

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 SERIES COMPLETION 3
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1. R, U, X, A, D, ?
(a) F (b) G (c) H (d) I
2. ab, ba, abc, cba, abcd,..........
(a) acbd (b) bacd (c) cabd (d) dcba
3. ............, SIY, OEU, KAQ, GWM, CSI
(a) VMC (b) WMC (c) VNC (d) WNC
4. YXZ, XWY,............, VUW, UTV, TSU
(a) VWT (b) WXV (c) TVX (d) WVX
5. PTVX, AEGI, ..........., WACE, HLNP
(a) KNQT (b) LPRT (c) KPQS (d) HKLO
6. Z, Y, X, U, T, S, P, O, N, K, ?, ?
(a) H, G (b) H, I (c) I, H (d) JI
7. GH, JL, NQ, SW, YD, ?
(a) EJ (b) FJ (c) EL (d) FL
8. ajs, gpy, ?, sbk, yhq
(a) dmv (b) mve (c) oua (d) qz
9. PMT, OOS, NQR, MSQ, ?
(a) LUP (b) LVP (c) LVR (d) LWP
10. BZA, DYC, FXE, ?, JVI
(a) HUG (b) HWG (c) UHG (d) WHG
(e) None of these
11. ABD, DGK, HMS, MTB, SBL, ?
(a) XKW (b) ZAB (c) ZKU (d) ZKW
12. WFB, TGD, QHG, ?
(a) NIJ (b) NIK (c) NJK (d) OIK (e) PJK
13. UPI, ?, ODP, MBQ, IAW
(a) RHJ (b) SHJ (c) SIJ (d) THK (e) TIJ
14. ATTRIBUTION, TTRIBUTIO, RIBUTIO, IBUTI, ?
(a) IBU (b) UT (c) UTI (d) BUT
(e) None of these
15. ADVENTURE, DVENTURE, DVENTUR, ?, VENTU
(a) DVENT (b) VENTURE (c) VENTUR (d) DVENTU
(e) None of these

ANSWERS
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (b)
11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (c)

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 VERBAL REASONING 4
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TYPE 2 : NUMBER SERIES

In number series, some numbers are arranged in a particular order. All the numbers form a series and change
in certain order. Sometimes, one or more numbers are wrongly put in the number series. We are require to observe
the trend in which number change in the series and find out which number/numbers misfit into the series.

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Ex.1. 4, 8, 28, 80, 244, ?
(a) 278 (b) 428 (c) 628 (d) 728
Sol. The terms of given series are 31 + 1, 32 – 1, 33 + 1, 34 – 1, 35 + 1, 36 – 1
So, missing term = 36 – 1 = 729 – 1 = 728
Hence, the answer is (d)
Ex.2. 0, 6, 24, 60, 120, 210, ?
(a) 240 (b) 290 (c) 336 (d) 504
Sol. The given series is : 13 – 1, 23 – 2, 33 – 3, 43 – 4, 53 – 5, 63 – 6
∴ missing term = 73 – 7 = 343 – 7 = 336
Hence, the answer is (c)
Ex.3. 1, 3, 3, 6, 7, 9, ?, 12, 12
(a) 10 (b) 11 (c) 12 (d) 13
Sol. The given sequence is a combination of two series.
I. 1, 3, 7, ?, 21 and II. 3, 6 9,12
The pattern followed in I is +2, +4,..... and pattern followed in II is +3 so, missing number = 7 + 6 = 13
Hence, the answer is (d)

Type 2 : (a) Triangular Pattern Series

Sometimes, the difference between the consecutive terms of a series, again form a series. The difference
between the consecutive terms of the new series so formed, again form a series. This pattern continue till we attain
a uniform difference between the consecutive terms of the series.
Ex.5. Find the missing term in the series 3, 20, 63, 144, 275 , ?
Sol. Series I : 3 20 63 144 275 ?
Series II : 17 43 81 131 ?
Series III : 26 38 50 ?
Series IV : 12 12 ?
Now pattern in series III is +12.
So, missing term in series III is 50 + 12 = 62 ;
Missing term in series II is 131 + 62 = 193 ;
Missing term is series I is 275 + 193 = 468 ;
Thus, the missing term is 468.
Direct Method
Missing term is = 275 + (131 + 50 + 12) = 468

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 SERIES COMPLETION 5
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2. (b) Elementary Idea of Progression

I. Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) : The progression of the form a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d,.......... is known as an
A.P. with term = a and common difference = d
Ex. 3, 6, 9, 12, ............ is an A.P. with
a = 3 and d = 6 – 3 = 3.
In an A.P., we have nth term = a + (n–1) d.
II. Geomeric Progression (G.P.) : The progression of the form a, ar, ar2, ar3,......... is known as G.P. with first
term as a and commomn ratio = r
Ex. 1, 5, 25, 125, ........... is a G.P. with a = 1
5 25 125
and r= = = =5
1 5 25
In a G.P. we have nth term = arn–1

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Direction (1 to 30) : In each of the following questions, a number series is given with one term missing.
Choose the correct alternative that will continue the same pattern and replace the question mark in the given series.
1. 1, 9, 25, 49, ? 121
(a) 64 (b) 81 (c) 91 (d) 100
2. 4, 7, 12, 19, 28, ?
(a) 30 (b) 36 (c) 39 (d) 49
3. 6, 12, 21, ?, 48
(a) 33 (b) 38 (c) 40 (d) 45
4. 6, 11, 21, 36, 56 ?
(a) 42 (b) 51 (c) 81 (d) 91
5. 120, 99, 80, 63, 48, ?
(a) 35 (b) 38 (c) 39 (d) 40
6. 22, 24, 28, ? , 52, 84
(a) 36 (b) 38 (c) 42 (d) 46
7. 0, 2, 8, 14, ?, 34
(a) 20 (b) 23 (c) 24 (d) 25
8. 28, 33, 31, 36, ?, 39
(a) 32 (b) 34 (c) 38 (d) 40
9. 6, 17, 39, 72 ?
(a) 83 (b) 94 (c) 116 (d) 127
10. 1, 4, 10, 22, 46 ?
(a) 64 (b) 86 (c) 94 (d) 122
11. 4, 9, 25, ?, 121, 169, 289, 361
(a) 49 (b) 64 (c) 81 (d) 87
12. 1, 1, 2, 6, 24, ? , 720
(a) 100 (b) 104 (c) 108 (d) 120
1
13. 4, 6, 9, 13 ?
2
1 1 3
(a) 17 (b) 19 (c) 20 (d) 22
2 4 4

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 VERBAL REASONING 6
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14. 5760, 960, ?, 48, 16, 8

(a) 120 (b) 160 (c) 192 (d) 240
15. 1, 2, 6, 7, 21, 22, 66, 67 ?
(a) 70 (b) 134 (c) 201 (d) 301
16. 48, 24, 96, 48, 192 ?
(a) 76 (b) 90 (c) 96 (d) 98
17. 9, 27, 31, 155, 161, 1127 ?
(a) 316 (b) 1135 (c) 1288 (d) 2254
18. 2, 3, 3, 5, 10, 13, ?, 43, 172, 177
(a) 23 (b) 38 (c) 39 (d) 40
19. 8, 28, 116, 584, ?
(a) 1752 (b) 3502 (c) 3504 (d) 3508
20. 3, 7, 23, 95, ?
(a) 62 (b) 128 (c) 479 (d) 575
21. 1, 5, 14, 30, 55, 91, ?
(a) 130 (b) 140 (c) 150 (d) 160
22. 198, 194, 185, 169, ?
(a) 92 (b) 112 (c) 136 (d) 144
23. 24, 60, 120, 210 ?
(a) 300 (b) 336 (c) 420 (d) 525
24. 563, 647, 479, 815, ?
(a) 672 (b) 386 (c) 279 (d) 143
25. 45, 54, 47, ?, 49, 56, 51, 57, 53
(a) 48 (b) 50 (c) 55 (d) None of these

ANSWERS
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (c)
11. (a) 12. (d) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (c) 16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (c) 19. (d) 20. (c)
21. (b) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (d) 25. (c)

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TYPE 3 : WRONG NUMBER SERIES
Directions (1 to 5) : In the following number series, one of the numbers does not fit into the series. Find the
wrong number.
1. 1788, 892, 444, 220, 112, 52, 24
(a) 52 (b) 112 (c) 220 (d) 444 (e) 892.
2. 225, 289, 338, 374, 397, 415, 424
(a) 415 (b) 289 (c) 338 (d) 374 (e) 397.
3. 5, 7.5, 11.25, 17.5, 29.75, 50, 91.25
(a) 7.5 (b) 17.5 (c) 29.75 (d) 91.25
(e) None of these.
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