SSPC-PS Guide 19.

00
November 1, 1982
Editorial Changes September 1, 2000

SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings

PAINTING SYSTEM GUIDE 19.00
Guide for Selecting Painting Systems for Ship Bottoms*
1. Scope (or Dark Red) Paint
Paint 17 Chlorinated Rubber Primer
1.1 This guide covers painting systems for ship bot- Paint 18 Chlorinated Rubber Intermediate
toms from the keel to the light load line on steel ships. The Coat Paint
area from the light load line to the deep load line, more Paint 19 Chlorinated Rubber Topcoat
commonly called the boottop area, may also be coated with Paint
these systems; however, SSPC-PS Guide 20.00 covers Paint 27 Basic Zinc Chromate - Vinyl

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painting systems for this area. It should be noted that Butyral Wash Primer
boottops are rarely used with today’s commercial ships, PS Guide 20.00 Guide for Selecting Painting Sys-
and bottom systems may extend up to the deep load line. tems for Boottoppings
PS Guide 22.00 Guide for Selecting One-Coat
1.2 These coating systems may also be used for other Preconstructionor Prefabrication
floating or stationary structures exposed to or submerged in Painting Systems
salt or brackish water. This would include barges, buoys, SP YNACE No. 1 White Metal Blast Cleaning
oceanographic installations, etc. SP 7/NACE No. 4 Brush-off Blast Cleaning
SP 10/NACE No. 2 Near-White Blast Cleaning
2. Description
3.5 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MA-
2.1 This guide outlines the components of a complete TERIALS (ASTM) STANDARD:
painting system for the protection of the exterior bottoms of
steel ships operating primarily in salt or brackish waters. It D 3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid
consists of surface preparation for both new construction Paints and Related Pigmented
and for maintenance and repair of existing ships, prime Coatings
coats, or intermediate anti-corrosive coats and antifouling
finishes. 3.6 FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONSAND STANDARDS:

3. Reference Standards DOD-P-15931 Paint, Antifouling, Vinyl (Formerly

MIL-P-15931)
3.1 The standards referenced in this guide are listed in MIL-PRF-23236 Paint Coating Systems, Fuel and
Section 3.4 through 3.6 and form a part of the specification.
Salt Water Ballast Tanks (For-
merly MIL-P-23236 or DoD-P-
3.2 The latest issue, revision, or amendment of the 23236)
reference standards in effect on the date of invitation to bid MIL-DTL-24441 Paint, Epoxy-Polyamide, Gen-
shall govern unless otherwise specified. eral Specification for (Formerly
MIL-P-24441)
3.3 If there is a conflict between the requirements of
any of the cited reference standards and the specification,
4. Surface Preparation
the requirements of the specification shall prevail.
4.1 NEW CONSTRUCTION: The surface should be
3.4 SSPC STANDARDS AND JOINT STANDARDS: abrasive blast cleaned as specified in SSPC-SP 1O, “Near-
White Blast Cleaning.” If specified in the procurement
PA 1 Shop, Field, and Maintenance documents, a better degree of blast cleaning shall be
Painting of Steel substituted (SSPC-SP 5).If preconstruction primers are to
PA 2 Measurement of Dry Coating be used the surface preparation is to be as specified in
Thickness With Magnetic Gages SSPC-Guide 22.00, “Guide for Selecting One-Coat
PA Guide 4 Guide to Maintenance Repaint- Preconstruction or Prefabrication Painting Systems.”
ing with Oil Base or Alkyd Paint-
ing Systems 4.2 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF EXISTING
Paint 16 Coal Tar Epoxy Polyamide Black SHIPS: Immediately upon docking, the entire bottom should

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November 1, 1982
Editorial Changes September 1, 2000

be washed with fresh water at high pressure to remove adhesion after long service times is excellent when
marine fouling, loosely adhering paint, salt deposits, and overcoating clean, dry, aged vinyls with new vinyl systems.
calcareous deposits from cathodic protection. High pres- This property makes these systems very good for mainte-
sure water cleaning equipment should operate at approxi- nance and repair.
mately 14 to 21 Mpa (2,000 to 3,000 psi) for proper removal. These systems have low volume solids and require
COMMENT: Once the hull has been cleaned and has multiple coats to achieve the proper dry film thicknesses.
dried, the entire bottom should be carefully inspected for High-build products are possible, but care must be taken to
coating system breakdown. For large areas of breakdown, ensure that all the solvents are released prior to putting into
abrasive blasting to the degree required by the coating service. Abrasion resistance is inferior to pure epoxy or
system is recommended. For tenaciously adhering fouling, flake glass epoxy or polyester systems.
SSPC-SP 7, ?Brush-off Blast Cleaning,? may be required.
SSPC-SP 7 may also be required for proper adhesion of the 5.2.1 Wash Primer Pretreatment: Use SSPC-Paint
new coating to certain aged coatings, e.g., epoxy, etc. 27*, ?Basic Zinc Chromate Vinyl Butyral Wash Primer?:
COMMENT: This paint is an alcohol solution of polyvi-
5. Paints nyl butyral resin pigmented with basic zinc chromate re-
acted with an alcohol solution of phosphoric acid just prior
A shipbottom coating system consists of anti-corrosive to use.
and/or barrier coatings overcoated with appropriate anti-
fouling paint. The following outlines accepted coating sys- 5.2.2Vinyl Antifouling Coating: DOD-P-15931,?Paint
tems, recommended number of coats, appropriate antifoul- Antifouling, Vinyl,? Formulas 121 or 129:
ing paint, and maintenance and repair procedures. Special COMMENT: These are based on vinyl resin and rosin,
notations and comments follow for each shipbottom coating filled with inert extenders and cuprous oxide. Formula 129
system. Table 1 summarizes these recommendations. (Black) is less effective than Formula 121 (Red), and is
normally used only on boottop areas where black color is
5.1 BITUMINOUS ALUMINUM PIGMENTED SYSTEM: required.
Aluminum flake-filled solution of various melting point bitu-
minous resins. 5.3 Catalyzed Epoxy: MIL-DTL-24441, ?Paint, Epoxy
COMMENT: The greatest attribute of this system is its Polyamide, General Specification for,?:
ease of scheduling maintenance. Surface preparation is COMMENT: These are polyamide epoxies unmodified
not as demanding as for epoxy, vinyl, or chlorinated rubber with hydrocarbon resins, tars, or other vehicle extenders.
systems. These are single-package and can be supplied as They can be chemically cured with amine or polyamide
high-build paints. As these products dry by solvent evapo- resins. (MIL-DTL-24441 has replaced MIL-P-24441.)
ration, restrictions of temperature during application are For maximum performance on fast ships that are ex-
equal to both vinyl and chlorinated rubber systems. Abra- pected to see long service, unmodified epoxy will also offer
sion resistance is fair. excellent abrasion resistance. Generally, these are high-
Due to the solvent sensitivity of these systems, appli- build products which minimize the number of coats neces-
cation of the conventional rosin-based antifoulings can be sary to meet thickness requirements.
achieved at any time. The surface must be clean, dry, and Generally, epoxy systems have poor curing character-
free of all contaminants. In addition, conventional anti- istics at temperatures below 10°C (50°F). Below this tem-
fouling based on rosin modified with esterified rosins or oils perature, intercoat adhesion is only poor to fair with most
may be used. These coatings are generally filled with inert epoxy coatings. After long-term exposure, surface prepara-
extenders and cuprous oxide and are not considered tion in the maintenance and repair of these systems must
scrubbable. be handled under close supervision.
The first coat of vinyl antifouling should be applied
5.2 VINYL SYSTEM: After cleaning, the steel shall be while the last coat of the epoxy anticorrosive is still in the
pretreated with a wash primer to improve adhesion. Apply ?tacky?stage of cure. To determine suitability of the epoxy
the first coat of vinyl primer as soon as practical and coat, simply press the thumb to the epoxy coated surface.
preferably within 24 hours after the application of the wash If the epoxy is firm to the touch, yet leaves a thumb print in
primer. the coating, the epoxy is ready to receive the first coat of
Application of the vinyl antifouling can be at any time antifouling.
provided the anti-corrosive system is clean, dry, and free of
surface contaminants. 5.4 CHLORINATED RUBBER: SSPC-Paint 17, ?Chlo-
COMMENT: The greatest attribute of a vinyl anti- rinated Rubber Inhibitive Primer,? SSPC-Paint 18, ?Chlori-
corrosive system is the rate of cure achieved at low tem- nated Rubber Intermediate Coat Paint,? and SSPC-Paint
peratures. They are also single-package for ease of appli- 19, ?Chlorinated Rubber Topcoat Paint,? and chlorinated
cation. As these are thermoplastic in nature, intercoat rubber antifouling paint:

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 SSPC-PS Guide 19.00
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November 1, 1982
Editorial Changes September 1, 2000

TABLE 1
RECOMMENDED SHIPBOTTOM COATING SYSTEMS
GENERIC CLASS OF NO. OF DRY FILM RECOMMENDED NO. OF DRY FILM MAINTENANCE AND
ANTI-CORROSIVE COATS THICKNESS ANTIFOULING COATS THICKNESS REPAIR PROCEDURES
5.1 Bituminous 2 7.0-8.0 Mils Conventional 2 3.0-4.0 Mils Fresh water wash,
Aluminum 175-200 rosin-based 75-1O0 spot blast or power
Pigmented Micrometers antifouling Micrometers tool clean bad areas.

5.2 Vinyl
(A) Wash primer 1 (A) 0.5 Mils Vinyl 2 4 Mils Fresh water wash,
(B) Anticorrosive 3 or 4 13 Micrometers antifouling 1O0 spot blast bad areas.
(B) 4.5-6.0 Mils Micrometers
114-150
Micrometers

5.3 Catalyzed Epoxy 2 or 3 8.0-12.0 Mils Vinyl 2 4 Mils Fresh water wash,
200-300 antifouling 1O0 spot blast bad areas.
Micrometers Micrometers

5.4 Chlorinated Rubber 3 9.0 Mils Chlorinated 2 4 Mils Fresh water wash,
230 Micrometers rubber 1O0 spot blast bad areas.
antifouling Micrometers

5.5 Pitch Epoxy 2 16.0 Mils Vinyl 2 4 Mils Fresh water wash,
400 Micrometers antifouling 1O0 spot blast bad areas,
Micrometers step back antifouling
in areas of repair.

5.6 Flakeglass Epoxy 1 or 2 25.0 Mils Vinyl 2 4 Mils Fresh water wash,
or Polyester 635 Micrometers antifouling 1O0 spot blast bad areas,
Micrometers step back antifouling
in areas of repair.

COMMENT: These single-package, generally high- hydrocarbon modification, this paint can be chemically
build paints are applicable at very low temperatures. Chlo- cured with amine or polyamide resins.
rinated rubber systems are thermoplastic, and intercoat The advantages of this system are very similar to the
adhesion is excellent after long periods of service without advantages of the unmodified epoxy systems, but at a
major surface preparation. somewhat lower cost. Do not expect equal abrasion resis-
Although volume solids are somewhat greater than tance with these systems.
those of pure vinyl systems, they are still considered low as Generally, coal tar epoxy systems have poor curing
compared to pure or modified epoxy systems. Abrasion characteristics at temperatures below 10°C (50°F). In that
resistance is fair. intercoat adhesion after exposure to weather and sunlight
The antifouling paints generally contain chlorinated is only poor to fair with most coal tar epoxy anti-corrosive
rubber resin modified with chlorinated paraffin and rosin. coats, surface preparation in the maintenance and repair of
They may also be filled with inert extenders and cuprous these systems must be handled under close supervision.
oxide or may contain an organotin antifouling agent for Health hazards associated with coal tar limit the use of
improvement in weed and grass control. those products containing this derivative.
Application of the chlorinated rubber antifouling can be The first coat of vinyl antifouling should be applied
achieved at any time to the chlorinated rubber anti-corro- while the last coat of the pitch epoxy anticorrosive is still in
sive system provided the surface is clean, dry, and free of the “tacky” stage of cure. To determine suitability of the
surface contamination. pitch epoxy coat, simply press the thumb to the coated
surface. If the pitch epoxy is firm to the touch, yet leaves a
5.5 COAL TAR EPOXY: SSPC-Paint 16, “Coal Tar thumb print in the coating, it is ready to receive the first coat
Epoxy-Polyamide Black (or Dark Red) Paint,” or MIL-PRF- of antifouling.
23236, “Paint Coating Systems, Steel Ship Tank, Fuel and
Salt Water Ballast,” Type 1, Class 2: 5.6 FLAKE GLASS EPOXY OR POLYESTER:
COMMENT: An epoxy resin with coal tar or other COMMENT: These pure or hydrocarbon modified ep-

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 SSPC-PS Guide 19.00
November 1, 1982
Editorial Changes September 1, 2000

oxy or polyester resins are filled with hammer milled fiber- 7.2 Samples of paints under this painting system may
glass flakes. Polyesters may contain a large percentage of be requested by the purchaser and shall be supplied upon
styrene monomer and are cured with cobalt and peroxides. request along with the manufacturer’s name and identifica-
Epoxies are cured with polyamine or polyamide resins. tion for the materials. Samples may be requested at the
This system is designed for very specialized applica- time the purchase order is placed, or may be taken from
tions where the maximum abrasion resistance is required. unopened containers at the job site.
It is generally used on keel plates, rudders, skegs, and
areas of high abrasion and turbulence. 7.3 Unless otherwise specified, the sampling shall be
Generally, flake glass epoxy or polyester systems have in accordance with ASTM D 3925.
poor curing characteristics at temperatures below 10°C
(50°F). Because intercoat adhesion is only poor to fair with 8. Disclaimer
most flake glass epoxy or polyester anti-corrosives after
long-term exposures, surface preparation in the mainte- 8.1 While every precaution is taken to ensure that all
nance and repair of these systems must be handled under information furnished in SSPC standards and specifica-
close supervision. tions is as accurate, complete, and useful as possible,
The first coat of vinyl antifouling should be applied SSPC cannot assume responsibility nor incur any obliga-
while the last coat of flake glass epoxy or polyester anticor- tion resulting from the use of any materials, coatings, or
rosive is still in the “tacky” stage of cure. To determine the methods specified herein, or of the specification or stan-
suitability of the flake glass epoxy or polyester coat, simply dard itself.
pressthe thumb to the flake glassepoxy or polyester coated
surface. If it is firm to the touch, yet leaves a thumb print in 8.2 This specification does not attempt to address
the coating, it is ready to receive the first coat of antifouling. problems concerning safety associated with its use. The
user of this specification, as well as the user of all products
5.7 PROPRIETARY COATING SYSTEMS: or practices described herein, is responsible for instituting
COMMENT: A proprietary coating system of the above appropriate health and safety practices and for insuring
generic types with proven performance capability may be compliance with all governmental regulations.
used if desired by the specifier. Specify the manufacturer,
trade name, and product number of the desired proprietary 9. Note
paints. The paint manufacturer should furnish a typical
label analysis. Notes are not a requirement of this specification.

6. Paint Application 9.1 The procurement documents should establish the

responsibility for samples, testing, and any required affida-
6.1 PAINT APPLICATION: Follow requirements of vit certifying full compliance with the specification.
SSPC-PA 1, “Shop, Field, and Maintenance Painting of
Steel.” 9.2 Weed growth is predominant in areas reached by
sunlight (from the turn of the bilge to the deep load line). It
6.2 NUMBER OF COATS: See Table 1. is recommended that antifouling paints which contain
organotin compounds with or without cuprous oxide be
6.3 DRY FILM THICKNESS: Measure in accordance used in these areas since these agents better retard weed
with SSPC-PA 2, “Measurement of Dry Coating Thickness growth.
with Magnetic Gages.” See Table 1.
9.3 CATHODIC PROTECTION: When cathodic pro-
7. Inspection tection is provided, the coating system selected for bottoms
should be compatible with the cathodic protection system.
7.1 All work and materials supplied under this specifi- Dielectric shields are required about and beneath all an-
cation is subject to timely inspection by the purchaser or his odes used in any impressed current system to assure good
authorized representative. The contractor shall correct such current distribution. Although zinc anodes do not require
work or replace such material as is found defective under dielectric shields, zinc should not be installed over a bare
this specification. (See Note 9.1 .) In case of dispute, unless steel hull. Three coats of a coal tar epoxy applied to a dry
otherwise specified, the arbitration or settlement procedure film thickness of 61O micrometers (24 mils) or equivalent
established in the procurement documents shall be fol- dielectric material are recommended for the purpose, fol-
lowed. If no arbitration procedure is established, the proce- lowed by a vinyl antifouling paint. The recommended mini-
dure specified by the American Arbitration Association mum length and width of the shield around the periphery of
shall be used. the anodes are 1.2 m (four feet) for anodes operating up to

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November 1, 1982
Editorial Changes September 1, 2000

12 volts and 1.8 m (six feet) for anodes capable of operating 9.5 EPA REGISTRATION: The Federal Insecticide,
above 12 volts. Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act requires registration of
antifouling paints, and should be so certified by the paint
9.4 FLASH POINT: Some federal specifications re- supplier.
quire a minimum closed cup flash point of 38°C (100°F)
because of possible use in confined spaces such as tanks. * This paint contains chromate pigments. Users are
Lower flash points are considered acceptable for exterior urged to follow all health, safety, and environmental re-
application. quirements in applying, handling or disposing of these
materials.

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