Lecture - 13 Lecture - 13: EEN-206: Power Transmission and Distribution EEN-206: Power Transmission and Distribution
Lecture - 13 Lecture - 13: EEN-206: Power Transmission and Distribution EEN-206: Power Transmission and Distribution
Lecture - 13 Lecture - 13: EEN-206: Power Transmission and Distribution EEN-206: Power Transmission and Distribution
Lecture - 13
a b
r P r D
V ' r Emax ln
+q -q r
x
D
D1 D2
q q 1 q D
V12 dx dx ln 2
D2
2 0 x 2 0 D1
x 2 0 D1
q q
q
V ln
2 0 r
qA
q q
qB qC
q
V ln D
2 0 r V ' r Emax ln
r q A qB qC 0
VAB VBC VCA 0
Critical Disruptive Voltage
• The minimum potential difference required between the conductor to start ionization is
called critical disruptive voltage or corona inception voltage
P 273 25
760 273 T
P
0.392
273 T
Critical Disruptive
D
Voltage or Corona Vc g 0 m0 r ln kV
Inception Voltage r
f 25 r
Vp 0.8Vc kW/phase/km
5 2
Pc 24110
d
Atmospheric Factors
d P 273 25 P
Vc m0 g 0 r ln
760 273 T
0.392
273 T
r
f 25 r
p c kW/phase/km
2
Pc 241 105 V V
d
Effect of
conductor
spacing
Effect on Corona
Effect of bundled
conductor
o Homogenous Insulators
ACCC (Aluminum
o Using Corona rings Conductor Composite Core)
Merits and Demerits of Corona
Demerits
o Corona loss
o Damage insulators
Merits
o Act as safety valve during lightning and switching surges. The waves gets dissipated as
corona loss.
o Other applications:
0.301 D
Vv g 0 mv 1 r ln kV
r r
f 25 r
V p Vc
2
In a fair Pc 241 10 5 kW/phase/km 132
d a) Vp
3
220
f 25 r b) V p
V p 0.8Vc kW/phase/km
2
In storm Pc 241105 3
d
Ques - 02
In a three phase line the conductors (with radius 10 mm each) are arranged in the form of an equilateral triangle.
Assuming fair weather, air density correction factor of 0.95 and irregularity factor of 0.96. Breakdown strength of air
in fair weather (g0 is 21.21 kV/cm rms).
Find the minimum spacing between the conductors if the critical disruptive voltage is not exceeding 230 kV between
the lines.
230
Vc
3
Ques - 03
A 3 phase 220 kV, 50 Hz transmission line has conductor spaced 5.5 m at the corners of equilateral triangle. Calculate
the corona inception voltage if each conductor has a radius of 1.2 cm with the surface irregularity factor of 0.92.
Weather conditions: temperature 40 ℃ and pressure 752 mm Hg.
Find the corona loss/ km of the transmission line if there is an overvoltage of 1.6 p.u. Use Peek’s formula.
f 25 r
V p Vc
2
Pc 241 10 5 kW/phase/km
d
220
Vp 1.6
3
Ques- 04
A 3-phase overhead transmission line operates at 132 kV between the phases at 50 Hz. The conductor are arranged in 3
m delta configuration. What is the minimum diameter of the conductor that can be used for no corona under fair
weather condition. Assume an air density of 0.95 and irregularity factor of 0.85.
D P 273 25 P
Vc g 0 m0 r ln kV Where 0.392 and g0 21.2 kV/cm (rms)
r 760 273 T 273 T
132
V p VC
3
Underground Cables
17
Advantage of Underground Cables
• Advantages
– Not exposed to environmental conditions
– Inductance is lower in cable so voltage drop is less
– No right-of way requirements
– Best for DC transmission
• Disadvantages
– Detection, localization of fault is difficult.
– Repair of fault may take longer time.
– Low heat dissipation
– Higher capacitance and charging current
– High erection cost, makes it uneconomical for long distance
transmission
– Joints are complex
18
Applications of Cables
• Cables are preferred in the following conditions:
– Public safety involved
– Low interference is required
– Large populated cities
– Scenic beauty of city is important
– Submarine crossing, and substation and
transformer connections
• Types of cables
– Solidly Insulated cable,
– Gas insulated lines,
– Cryogenic cables,
– Superconducting cables
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