Grammar Assignment 4

Shara Joyce D.
Santos
BSED-21
 Proper Noun
Names of people or places such as your name, your friend’s name, your parents’ name
or the name of your town and country are special naming words. These words are
called proper nouns. Special naming words or proper nouns always begin with a capital
letter.
Example Sentences:
 My name is Mark.
 Her name is Sofie.
 Come Tom, let us go for a walk.
 Common Noun
Common nouns are naming words that are common to people, places, things and
animals etc. Common nouns do not define any particular person, place or thing. They
are general names. So, they are not capitalized unless they begin a sentence. For
example boy, girl, doctor, town, city, dog, car and so on.
Example Sentences of Common Noun

 Teachers teach in school.
 Birds live on trees.
 I love to read storybooks.
 Collective Noun
Collective nouns are used to name a group of persons, places, animals or things. A
collective noun represents a complete whole. For examples: a library of books, a team
of players and a family of four.
Some collective nouns are used to name a group of animals and birds.
 A flock of sheep.
 A herd of cattle.
 A stud of horses.
 A gaggle of geese.
 A litter of cubs.
Some collective nouns define a group of people.
 A crew of sailors.
 An army of soldiers.
 A band of musicians.
 A class of pupils.
 A troupe of actors.
There are some collective nouns that stand for a group of things.
 A bunch of keys.
 A pile of clothes.
 A collection of books.
 A string of pearls.
 A set of stamps.
 Possessive Noun
A possessive noun is a word that names who or what has or owns something. We add
an apostrophe and s (‘s) to form the possessive of most singular nouns.
Example Sentences of Possessive Noun

 This is Bob’s skateboard. (Means – The skateboard belongs to Bob)
 This is Ian’s Coat. (Means – The coat belongs to Ian)
 Papa bought a new frame for grandpa’s spectacles.
 Ted’s dream for a bicycle came true on his birthday.
 Julia’s homework was not checked.
Sometimes we need to show possession for plural nouns or where the owners
are more than one. In such cases we add an apostrophe at the end.
 A girls’ school is located near my house.
 We should not harm the birds’ nests.
 Compound Noun
Compound nouns are formed by joining two nouns together. There are three different
ways to form compound nouns:
 The closed form, like notebook, firefly and keyboard.
 The hyphenated form, like x-ray, co-pilot and mother-in-law.
 The open form, like post office, history book, mineral water.
Example Sentences of Compound Noun

 Ian looked at his timetable.
 It was going to be lunchtime.
 The basketball match was scheduled in the afternoon.
 Just after the breakfast, Matt rushed to his tracksuit.
 X-rays were discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen.
 Countable Noun
Nouns that can be counted are called countable nouns. Most of the nouns come in the
category of countable nouns rather than uncountable nouns because they refer to
things, people or animals that can be counted.
Example Sentences of Countable Noun

 I saw two owls sitting on the tree.
 There are four milk bottles in the fridge.
 My father has two cars.
 I need an umbrella to get out in the rain.
 To make this cake we need an egg.
 Uncountable nouns
Are nouns that come in a state or quantity which is impossible to count; liquids are
uncountable, as are things that act like liquids (sand, air). They are always considered
to be singular, and can be used with some, any, a little, and much.
Examples:
An I.Q. test measures intelligence.
Students don’t seem to have much homework these days.
 Abstract nouns
Refer to intangible things, like actions, feelings, ideals, concepts and qualities.
Examples:
 The education of children should be our number one priority.
 He was willing to sacrifice his job in order to move to Hawaii.
 Childhood memories are sources of great joy.
 Music can change a mood or be a creative outlet.
 Restoration of electric service is important after a natural disaster.
 Concrete Noun
Objects and substances that can be experienced through our senses are referred to as
a concrete noun. That means we can touch, feel, smell, taste or hear them.
Examples:
 The yellow flowers flowed from a glass red vase.
 Suddenly, a large roaring black panther appeared from behind the rock.
 The sunset unfurled ribbons of red, purple, and gold across the sky.
 Relative pronoun
Is used to connect a clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun. The clause modifies, or
describes, the noun.
The most common relative pronouns are who, whom, whose, which, and that.
Sometimes when and where can be used as relative pronouns as well.
Relative pronouns are placed directly after the noun or pronoun they modify. For
example:
 The driver who ran the stop sign was careless.

 The children, whom we love dearly, need better educations.
 Never go to a doctor whose office plants have died.
 I have a friend whose cat is annoying.
 The book, which is now out of print, has all the information you need.
 This is the book that everyone is talking about.
 Personal pronoun
Is a short word we use as a simple substitute for the proper name of a person? Each of
the English personal pronouns shows us the grammatical person, gender, number, and
case of the noun it replaces. I, you, he, she, it, we they, me, him, her, us, and them are
all personal pronouns.
Examples:
 Mrs. Khan asked that the package be delivered to her at the office.
 If a customer wants to speak to a manger, they can phone after 10 o’clock.
 Demonstrative Pronoun
A demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that is used to point to something specific within
a sentence. These pronouns can indicate items in space or time, and they can be either
singular or plural.
Demonstrative Pronouns Examples

In the following examples, demonstrative pronouns have been italicized for ease of
identification.
 This was my mother’s ring.
 That looks like the car I used to drive.
 These are nice shoes, but they look uncomfortable.

 Those look like riper than the apples on my tree.
 Such was her command over the English language.
 Repetition
Repetition is when words or phrases are repeated in a literary work. Repetition is often
used in poetry or song, and it is used to create rhythm and bring attention to an idea.
Repetition is also often used in speech, as a rhetorical device to bring attention to an
idea.
Examples of Repetition:
 Let it snow, let it snow, let it snow.
 "Oh, woeful, oh woeful, woeful, woeful day!
 Interrogative pronouns
Are used when we need to ask questions. Interrogative pronouns are when we do not
know of what we are asking the question about.
These are four interrogative pronouns are the most common ones: who, whom, what,
which
The possessive pronoun whose can also be used as an interrogative pronoun. When
this happens it is called an interrogative possessive pronoun.
Examples of Interrogative Pronouns

 Who won the football match?
 Whom shall we ask when we get there?
 Whose did they take?
 Which is the greater?
 What is that you have made?
 Reflexive pronouns
Are words ending in -self or -selves that are used when the subject and the object of a
sentence are the same (e.g., I believe in myself). They can act as either objects or
indirect objects. The nine English reflexive pronouns are myself, yourself, himself,
herself, oneself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves.
Examples:
 Jack decided to reward himself with a dinner out.
 Cynthia pours a cup of tea for herself every morning.
 Andrew and I will conduct today’s meeting.
 Intensive pronoun
Is almost identical to a reflexive pronoun, but their functions differ. Intensive pronouns
are used to add emphasis to the subject or antecedent of the sentence. You’ll usually
find the intensive pronoun right after the noun or pronoun it’s modifying, but not
necessarily.
Examples:
 Did you yourself make the cake?

 I myself like a little stroll after dinner.
 We went to hear the man himself speak.
 The author approved the book cover herself.
 Reciprocal Pronouns
Reciprocal (adj.): given or done in return; [grammar] expressing mutual action
We use reciprocal pronouns when each of two or more subjects is acting in the same
way towards the other. For example, A is talking to B, and B is talking to A. So we say:
 A and B are talking to each other.
The action is "reciprocated". John talks to Mary and Mary talks to John. I give you a
present and you give me a present. The dog bites the cat and the cat bites the dog.
There are only two reciprocal pronouns, and they are both two words:
 each other
 one another
When we use these reciprocal pronouns:
 there must be two or more people, things or groups involved (so we cannot use
reciprocal pronouns with I, you [singular], he/she/it)
 they must be doing the same thing
Look at these examples:
 John and Mary love each other.

 Peter and David hate each other.
 The ten prisoners were all blaming one another.
 Both teams played hard against each other.
 We gave each other gifts.

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Shara Joyce D.

Example Sentences of Common Noun

Example Sentences of Possessive Noun

Example Sentences of Compound Noun

Example Sentences of Countable Noun

 The driver who ran the stop sign was careless.

Demonstrative Pronouns Examples

 This was my mother’s ring.

 That looks like the car I used to drive.

 These are nice shoes, but they look uncomfortable.

 Let it snow, let it snow, let it snow.

 "Oh, woeful, oh woeful, woeful, woeful day!

Examples of Interrogative Pronouns

 Whom shall we ask when we get there?

 Whose did they take?

 Which is the greater?

 What is that you have made?

 Did you yourself make the cake?

Reciprocal (adj.): given or done in return; [grammar] expressing mutual action

 A and B are talking to each other.

When we use these reciprocal pronouns:

Look at these examples:

 John and Mary love each other.

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