11

Understanding
Culture, Society
and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Nature, Goals and Perspectives
of Anthropology, Sociology and
Political Science
Subject Area – 11/12
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Nature, Goals and Perspectives of Anthropology, Sociology and
Political Science
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Amormia J. Dela Pena, Joel P. Andres, Jr.
Editors: Marya Legaspina, Kenneth Robert Naval
Reviewers: Fredgie Pasco / Fernie Cabanalan
Illustrator: Patrick Ebuetada
Layout Artist: Edward Ryan Gulam / Maylene Grigana
Cover Art Designer: Ian Caesar E. Frondoza
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
Gildo G. Mosqueda CEO V -Schools Division Superintendent
Diosdado F. Ablanido, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Johnny Sumugat - REPS – Subject Area Supervisor
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Elizabeth G. Torres- EPS In Charge of LRMS
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Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal
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E-mail Address: [email protected]
 11

Understanding
Culture, Society
and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Nature, Goals and Perspectives
of Anthropology, Sociology and
Political Science
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Self-Learning Module

(SLM) on Nature, Goals and Perspectives of Anthropology, Sociology and Political
Science!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

2
For the learner:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Self-Learning Module

(SLM) on Nature, Goals and Perspectives of Anthropology, Sociology and Political
Science!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

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 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Nature, Goals and Perspectives of Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons
are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which
you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 - Anthropology
Lesson 1.1 – The Four Major Fields of Anthropology
• Lesson 2 – Sociology
Lesson 2.1 – Purpose of Sociology
• Lesson 3 – Political Science
Lesson 3.1 – Control and Politics Relationship
Lesson 3.2 – Types of Major Political Ideologies

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Articulate observations on human cultural variation, social differences,
social change and political identities
2. Explore the origins and dynamics of culture and society and political
identities
3. Identify the subjects of inquiry and goals of anthropology and sociology
4. Explain the present human biological diversity

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 What I Know

Before we proceed to our lesson proper let us check first your prior knowledge about
this lesson by answering the following questions below. Rest assured that your scores
for this test will not be recorded, but this serves as basis for the teacher to determine
your prior knowledge about the topic.

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE

Directions: Read and analyze each item carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct
answer.
1.It refers to the totality of what man has learned as a member of society.
a. Sociology
b. Anthropology
c. Culture
d. Psychology

2. It is the systematic study of politics which Andrew Heywood describes as the

activity through which people, make, preserve and amend the general rules under
which they live.
a. Public Administration
b. Sociology
c. Political Science
d. Politics

3. It is "an attempt to reduce to something like measurable terms the grade and
degrees of understanding and intimacy which characterizes personal and social
relations generally" the measure of nearness or intimacy that an individual or
group feels towards another individual or group in a social network or the level of
trust one group has for another and the extent of perceived likeness of beliefs.

a. Social Distance
b.Social Differences
c. Stratification
d. Functionalist Approach

4) Which of the following best describe how anthropologists primarily learn new
information about humans?

a. field work
b. laboratory experiments
c. reading travelers accounts
d. none of the above

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5. It is the ability or right to control people or things.
a. Regime
b. Authority
c. Power
d. Politics

B. MATCHING TYPE

Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write your correct answers on the
space provided for each.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

_____1. Father of sociology and advocate of

a. Emile Durkheim
positivism.
b. Auguste Comte
_____2. Coined the term survival of the fittest. c. Talcott Parsons
d. Franz Boas
_____3. Father of Modern Anthropology. e. Herbert Spencer
_____4. An American sociologist who coined f. C. Wright Mills
the term sociological imagination. g. Peter Ludwig Berger
h. Max Weber
_____5. Coined the term social change.

C. TRUE OR FALSE

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is CORRECT and FALSE if the statement
is INCORRECT. Write your answers on the space provided before each number.

____1.Military rule is a form of government where political power resides with the
military.

____2. It is through fieldworks whereby anthropologist primarily learned new

information about humans.

____3. Democracy bases its authority on the will of the people.

____4. Laws are customary patterns of everyday life that specify what is socially
correct and proper in everyday life.

____5. Talcott Parsons is the one who coined the term Sociological Imagination

Good Job! I know you are now ready for the first lesson in this module.

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 Lesson

1 Anthropology

People are really different. Our socio-economic background, political and cultural
behavior and phenomenon vary. As the old saying goes, there are different strokes
for different folks. Society across the globe are very different.

As a species, we are social beings who live out our lives in the company of other
humans. We organize ourselves into various kinds of social groupings, such as
nomadic bands, villages, cities, and countries, in which we work, trade, play,
reproduce, and interact in many other ways. Unlike other species, we combine
socialization with deliberate changes in social behavior and organization over time.
Consequently, the patterns of human society differ from place to place and era to era
and across cultures, making the social world a very complex and dynamic
environment.
In this module, you are going to articulate observations on human cultural variation,
social differences, social change, and political identities; design a life of a person
based from social, cultural and political context; and appreciate the activity by
describing a successful person.

What’s In

1. What is Darwin’s Theory of Evolution?

2. How Anthropologist differ from Archaeologist?
3. What is family? What are the different types of families?

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 Notes to the Teacher
To engage the learners with this lesson, please revisit from other
references human cultural variations, social differences and
political identities and provide enrichment activities.

What’s New

ACTIVITY 1 - “LET’S SING TOGETHER “

Direction: Read and analyze the song below. Answer the following questions and
write your answer on the space provided.

KALEIDOSCOPE WORLD
Francis Magalona

So many faces, so many races Some are great and some are few
Different voices, different choices Others lie while some tell the truth
Some are mad, while others laugh Some say poems and some do sing
Some live alone with no better half Others sing through their guitar strings
Others grieve while others curse Some know it all while some act dumb
And others mourn behind a big black hearse Let the bassline strum to the bang of the
drum
Some are pure and some half-bred
Some are sober and some are wasted Some can swim while some will sink
Some are rich because of fate and And some will find their minds and think
Some are poor with no food on their plate Others walk while others run
Some stand out while others blend You can't talk peace and have a gun
Some are fat and stout while some are thin Some are hurt and start to cry
Don't ask me how don't ask me why
Some are friends and some are foes Some are friends and some are foes
Some have some while some have most
Every color and every hue Some have some while some have most
Is represented by me and you Every color and every hue
Take a slide in the slope Is represented by me and you
Take a look in the kaleidoscope Take a slide in the slope
Spinnin' round, make it twirl Take a look in the kaleidoscope
In this kaleidoscope world Spinnin' round, make it twirl
In this kaleidoscope world

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 Guide Questions:
1. What is the general idea of the song?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. How can you relate yourself to the circumstance of the song?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Does it ignite your personality?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

What is Anthropology?

Anthropology is the study of what makes us human. Anthropologists take a

broad approach to understanding the many different aspects of the human
experience, which we call holism. They consider the past, through archaeology, to
see how human groups lived hundreds or thousands of years ago and what was
important to them. They consider what makes up our biological bodies and genetics,
as well as our bones, diet, and health. Anthropologists also compare humans with
other animals (most often, other primates like monkeys and chimpanzees) to see
what we have in common with them and what makes us unique. Even though nearly
all humans need the same things to survive, like food, water, and companionship,
the ways people meet these needs can be very different.

Cultural variation refers to the differences in social behaviors that different

cultures exhibit around the world. What may be considered good etiquette in one
culture may be considered bad etiquette in another. There are many differences
between the various cultures across the planet. These differences include the way
people interact, what they wear and what they eat. Many cultural differences can be
explained by the environment and resources of the region.

Anthropology is the comprehensive study of human development, culture, and

change throughout the world, past and present. The comprehensiveness of
anthropology stems from its emphasis on context, reflected in the perspectives
offered by the discipline’s four fields.

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Fields of Anthropology

1. Biological Anthropology
Biological (or physical) anthropologists carry out systematic studies
of the non-cultural aspects of humans and near-humans. Non-cultural refers
to all of those biological characteristics that are genetically inherited in
contrast to learned. Near-human is a category that includes monkeys, apes,
and the other primates as well as our fossil ancestors. The primary interest
of most biological anthropologists today is human evolution--they want to
learn how our ancestors changed through time to become what we are
today. Biological anthropologists also are interested in understanding the
mechanisms of evolution and genetic inheritance as well as human variation
and adaptations to different environmental stresses, such as those found at
high altitudes and in environments that have temperature extremes.

2. Cultural Anthropology
Cultural (or socio-cultural) anthropologists are interested in learning
about the cultural aspects of human societies all over the world. They usually
focus their research on such things as the social and political organizations,
marriage patterns and kinship systems, subsistence and economic patterns,
and religious beliefs of different societies. Most cultural anthropologists study
contemporary societies rather than ancient ones.

3. Linguistic Anthropology
Linguistic anthropologists study the human communication
process. They focus their research on understanding such phenomena as the
physiology of speech, the structure and function of languages, social and
cultural influences on speech and writing, nonverbal communication, how
languages developed over time, and how they differ from each other.

4. Archaeology
Archaeologists are interested in recovering the prehistory and early
history of societies and their cultures. They systematically uncover the
evidence by excavating, dating, and analyzing the material remains left by
people in the past. Archaeologists are essentially detectives who search
through many thousands of pieces of fragmentary pots and other artifacts as
well as environmental data in order to reconstruct ancient life ways. In a
sense, this makes archaeology the cultural anthropology of the past.
Archaeology is also related to biological anthropology in its use of the same
methods in excavating and analyzing human skeletal remains found in
archaeological sites.

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 Lesson
2 SOCIOLOGY

Sociology is the study of human social relationships and institutions.

Sociology’s subject matter is diverse, ranging from crime to religion, from the family
to the state, from the divisions of race and social class to the shared beliefs of a
common culture, and from social stability to radical change in whole societies.
Unifying the study of these diverse subjects of study is sociology’s purpose of
understanding how human action and consciousness both shape and are shaped by
surrounding cultural and social structures.

The differences among the individuals on the basis of social characteristics and
qualities are known as social differences. Social differences are the complex
differences and they include class, race, culture, age, ability, sex etc. Social differences
can create discrimination among the individuals on the basis of their social
characteristics. For example, if in a society, individuals with high status are given more
respect and importance as compare to the poor or homeless people then it is a social
difference. Social differences can create a lot of problems in a society because
discrimination always result in inequality, inferiority complex and other social
problems

What is It

Sociology is the systematic study of social behavior and human groups. It

focuses primarily on the influence of social relationships upon people’s attitudes and
behavior and on how societies are established and change. Hence, social institutions
are the major spheres of social life or societal subsystems, organized to meet human
needs. Social stratification is a system by which a society ranks categories of people
in a hierarchy. The 3 commonly recognized systems of stratification are estate, caste
and class.

As such “sociology in this context is a science which attempts the

interpretative under-standing of social action in order to arrive at a casual
explanation of its causes and effects.” Sociology studies the functioning of a society
focusing on its development and structure.

What is the purpose of Sociology?

Sociology is a vast area of study, with hundreds of officially recognized sub
fields which examine human thought, actions, structures, and systems. Virtually
every type and purpose of human thought and activity and action is studied in one
field of sociology or another. Human action and thought are on one side of the

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equation. The cultural and social structures that people have around them are on
the other side of the equation. Sociology’s purpose is to understand how the cultural
and social structures shape

human action and thought; and, conversely, how human action and thought shape
cultural and social structures.

The purpose of sociology is to study at all levels of human thought and activity,
from the individual and personal level to the global level. Human thought about race,
romance, friend, family or foe is studied at the interpersonal level, where the
surrounding social structure, family structure, community and legal system shape
their beliefs and attitudes, and eventually determine what is and is not allowed under
the law. Furthermore, sociology can be to study in order to classify, quantify, identify,
and perform functions that are very anthropological in their construct in observing
societies in the whole.

Finally, the ultimate purpose of Sociology is to formulate a discipline of

thought and methodology that leads to objective, comprehensive, effective, honest,
and critical thinking when observing and describing human thought, interaction,
systems, structures, and action.

Dynamics of Culture in the goals of Anthropology and Sociology

Culture is dynamic and thus complex. Culture is fluid rather than static,
which means that culture changes all the time, every day, in subtle and tangible
ways. Because humans communicate and express their cultural systems in a
variety of ways, it can be hard to pinpoint exactly what cultural dynamics are at
play.

Anthropology is the study of humans and the ways they live. Sociology studies
the ways groups of people interact with each other and how their behavior is
influenced by social structures, categories (rage, gender, sexuality), and institutions.

While both fields study human behavior, the debate between anthropology
versus sociology is a matter of perspectives. Anthropology examines culture more at
the micro-level of the individual, which the anthropologist generally takes as an
example of the larger culture. In addition, anthropology hones in on the cultural
specificities of a given group or community. Sociology, on the other hand, tends to
look at the bigger picture, often studying institutions (educational, political,
religious), organizations, political movements, and the power relations of different
groups with each other.

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Activity 2. BIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY

Directions: Write a biographical essay on the most important people and

events that shaped your lives. Why do you think these people and events are
important in what you have become now? If you could re-write your biography and
re-invent your life, will you still want these people and events to shape who you are
right now? Explain.

Please be guided with the following criteria.

Criteria Excellent Very Good Good

20pts 15pts 10pts
Completely Completely Completely
Quality of discussed the discussed the discussed the
Content topic in a highly- topic in a highly- topic in an
organized flow, organized flow, organized flow but
with a number of with a few clear lacks examples to
clear examples to examples to support the
support the support the argument.
argument. argument.
The group The group delivers The group delivers
excellently an informative an informative
Depth of provides an angle of the topic. angle of the topic
Discussion informative and The examples with dew examples
thorough critical given can be of it.
evaluation of the observed in our
topic. The daily lives.
examples given
can be observed in
our daily lives.

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 Lesson
3 Political Science

Political science is that branch of the social sciences that studies the state, politics,
and government. Political Science deals extensively with the analysis of political
systems, the theoretical and practical applications to politics, and the examination
of political behavior. The Greek thinker, Aristotle, defined political science as the
study of the state. Many political scientists view themselves as being engaged in
fleshing out the connections between political events and conditions, and by this
understanding they hope to construct a system of general principles that posit the
way the world of politics works.

Political science is not a standalone field and it intersects many other

branches like sociology, economics, history, anthropology, public policy among
others. Political scientists are much sought after these days because of the changing
landscape of politics across the world and since the society wants to understand how
the political world works, they need someone to explain the nuances of the political
economy. Any casual perusal of the newspapers and the television channels reveals
that political scientists are at the forefront of debates and discussions for their
knowledge and expertise.

What’s More

Scope of Political Science

The scope of political science is vast and experts have divided the field of
political science into five sub-disciplines that are political theory, public
administration, comparative politics, international relations, and public law. The
study of the matters concerning the allocation and distribution as well as the transfer
of power is one of the main preoccupations of political scientists. The success or
otherwise of the governance structures is gauged by political scientists who examine
the multifaceted and multi-layered factors at work that contribute to good or bad
governance. The scope of the political scientists has now been broadened to include
the realm of the study of the democratic elections across the world. In other words,
with the explosion in the political systems all over the world, political scientists, and
their scope of study has been considerably enhanced.

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The Importance of Political Science

The importance of political science lies in the fact that all of us live within
political systems and we are affected by the changes in the global political economy.
With the advent of globalization, there has been a concomitant rise in the interest
taken by the people of the world in understanding the political systems of other
countries. Hence, political scientists become valued and important as they provide
the lens through which we can understand the global political economy.

Political ideology

A political ideology is a set of ideas, beliefs, values, and opinions, exhibiting a

recurring pattern, that competes deliberately as well as unintentionally over
providing plans of action for public policy making in an attempt to justify, explain,
contest, or change the social and political arrangements and processes of a political
community. The concept of ideology is subject to partly incompatible conceptual
interpretations. The Marxist tradition views it pejoratively as distorted
consciousness, reflecting an exploitative material reality, that can be overcome
through unmasking; or, more recently, as a fictitious narrative necessary to
maintaining the social order. Non-Marxist approaches split into three perspectives.

The first sees ideology as abstract, closed and doctrinaire, largely impervious
to empirical evidence and superimposed on a society.

The second sees ideology as a series of empirically ascertainable attitudes

towards political issues that can be explored by means of behavioral methods.

The third views ideologies as indispensable mapping devices of cultural

symbols and political concepts that constitute a crucial resource for understanding
and shaping sociopolitical life. They compete over the ‘correct’ and legitimate
meanings of political words and ideas, and by means of that control, over the high
ground of politics.

Types of Political ideologies and styles of Government

1. Absolutism- System where the rulers have unlimited control.

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2. Anarchism- Society without government, laws, police or other authority. A
system of self-control.

3. Aristocracy- The privilege of social class whose members possess a

disproportionately large percentage of society's wealth, prestige and political
influence.

4. Autocracy- Supreme political power is in the hands of one person whose

decisions are unregulated.

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5. Communism- Extreme left-wing ideology based on the revolutionary
socialist teachings of Marx. Collective ownership and a planned
economy. Each should work to their capability and receive according to
their needs.

6. Conservatism- Governmental system where the existing institutions are

maintained, emphasising free-enterprise and minimal governmental
intervention.

7. Democracy- Government by the people, usually through elected

representatives.

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 8. Dictatorship- Government by a single person with absolute control over the
resources of the state.

Activity 3- TRIAD WEB

Directions: Through Triad Web, compare the characteristics of the following political
ideologies. Write the similarities of their style of government at the center and the
differences in the circle. Are you ready?

DEMOCRACY

DICTATORSHIP COMMUNISM

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 What I Have Learned

In this section let us summarize what you have learned from our lesson.
ACTIVITY: I FILL YOU!

Fill in the blanks of the correct word/s that will make each statement correct.

In this lesson I have learned: that 1.) ___________________ is the study of what
makes us human. 2.)____________________take a broad approach to understanding
the many different aspects of the human experience, which we call
3.__________________. While 4.________________ is that branch of the social sciences
that studies the state, politics, and government. Political Science deals extensively
with the analysis of 5._________________.

6.______________________is the systematic study of social behavior and human

groups. It focuses primarily on the influence of social relationships upon people’s
7._________________and 8.__________________ and on how societies are established
and change.
____________________9. refers to all those biological characteristics that are
genetically inherited in contrast to learned. _________________________10. is a
category that includes monkeys, apes, and the other primates as well as our fossil
ancestors.

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 What I Can Do

Activity 4- INSIDE THE CARTOON!

Describe through EDITORIAL CARTOONING how politics, political

ideologies, cultural variation and social differences affect the government
management and response to COVID19 global pandemic .

Rubrics in Editorial Cartooning

Criteria Points Score
Evidence of 8
Understanding
Addresses Issues 5
Graphics 5
Creativity 5
Neatness 2
total 25

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 Assessment

Test 1. Identification: Identify the terms being referred to in the following

statements. Write your answer on the space provided.

______________________1. Government by a single person with absolute control

over the resources of the state.

______________________2. Government by the people, usually through elected

representatives.

______________________3. Governmental system where the existing institutions

are maintained, emphasizing free-enterprise and
minimal governmental intervention.

______________________4. Extreme left wing ideology based on the revolutionary

socialist teachings of Marx. Collective ownership and
a planned economy.

______________________5. Supreme political power is in the hands of one

person whose decisions are unregulated.

______________________6. The privilege of social class whose members possess

a disproportionately large percentage of society's
wealth, prestige and political influence

______________________7. Society without government, laws, police or other

authority. A system of self-control.

______________________8. System where the rulers have unlimited control.

______________________9. is a set of ideas, beliefs, values, and opinions,

exhibiting a recurring pattern, that competes
deliberately as well as unintentionally over providing
plans of action for public policy making in an
attempt to justify, explain, contest, or change the
social and political arrangements and processes of a
political community.

_______________________10. deals extensively with the analysis of political

systems, the theoretical and practical applications to
politics, and the examination of political behavior.

_______________________11. He defined political science as the study of the

state.

_______________________12. is the study of humans and the ways they live.

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 _______________________13. studies the ways groups of people interact with
each other and how their behavior is influenced by
social structures, categories

_______________________14. The differences among the individuals on the basis

of social characteristics and qualities.

_______________________15. are interested in recovering the prehistory and

early history of societies and their cultures.

Additional Activities

Social change, in sociology, the alteration of mechanisms within the social structure,
characterized by changes in cultural symbols, rules of behaviour, social
organizations, or value systems.
Ask your parents on what they consider to be an ideal politician in terms of
character, religious views, values and educational background. Then ask them what
they think the ideal politician should believe and advocate in relation to the following
issues:

1. Handling the COVID19 Pandemic

2. New normal in Education
3. Unemployment
4. Nationalism

Based on your parent’s answers, who among the politicians today qualify as the ideal
politician? Do you agree? Explain.

23
 24
WHAT I KNOW WHAT I HAVE
LEARNED Assessment
A. Multiple Choice
1. Anthopology 1. Dictatorship
1. C 2. Antrhipologist 2. Democracy
2. C 3. Holism 3. Conservatism
3. A 4. Political 4. Communism
4. A Science 5. Autocracy
5. C 5. Political System 6. Aristocracy
6. Sociology 7. Anarchism
7. Attitude 8. Absolutism
B. Matching Type
8. Behaviour 9. Political Ideology
1. B 9. Non-cultural 10. Political Science
2. E 10. Near- 11. Aristotle
3. G Human 12. Anthropology
4. F 13. Sociology
5. H 14. Social
Differences
15. Archaeologists
C. True or False
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. TRUE
5. FALSE
Answer Key
References

San Juan, W. and Centeno, M.L. (2017). Understanding Culture, Society and
Politics.Books atbp.Publishing Corp.Mandaluyong City

Websites:

✓ https://www.slideshare.net/Kimjoonmyeon21/social-groups-and-social-
organiza

✓ https://www.americananthro.org/AdvanceYourCareer/Content.aspx?ItemN
umber=2150

✓ http://anthologyoi.com/the-four-fields-of-anthropology/

✓ https://www2.palomar.edu/anthro/intro/fields.htm

✓ https://sociology.unc.edu/undergraduate-program/sociology-major/what-
is-sociology/

✓ https://www.managementstudyguide.com/political-science.htm

✓ https://quizlet.com/14232071/types-of-political-ideologies-and-styles-of-
government-flash-cards/

✓ https://www.thoughtco.com/anthropology-vs-sociology-4685772

✓ https://www.reference.com/world-view/cultural-variation-
1f15c91134b45f57

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 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN with
the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal. Contents
of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies
(MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all learners of Region XII
in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The process of LR development
was observed in the production of this module. This is version 1.0. We highly
encourage feedback, comments, and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: [email protected]

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