QARMAs

QARMAs
1. What is the minimum age standard for recruitment in the military?
2. Is there any other criteria that should be used to define what is a child soldier?
3. How can UNICEF addresses the use of child soldiers by non-state actors, considering non-
state actors are not bind to international law?
4. What are the mechanisms for UNICEF to rescue the recruited child soldiers?
5. How should the council define reintegration and child soldiers?
6. How could UNICEF ensure that the reintegrated child soldier would be accepted by the
society?
7. How could UNICEF include NGOs and civil societies in the reintegration process?
8. Does your country agree with the Canada doctrine?
9. Should children who committed war crimes be subject to the same punishment as adults?
10. Assuming amnesty will result in child soldiers disarming more quickly, is the price of ending
combat on the front more quickly worth the potential dangers withinthe countries that accepts
them?
ANSWER
1. Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child set 18 as the minimum age for the
recruitment or use of child in armed conflict; meanwhile Protocols to the four Geneva
Conventions of 1949 (1977) set 15 as the minimum age
2. the use of children in armed groups. Children were involved in war. mostly involved in direct
violence, as the weapons used in war were often sturdy and heavy.
3. In addition to the various definition of child soldier, in this vast scope and dynamics of
international relations, new actors also take part in recruiting children as soldiers. Child
soldiers are now not only recruited by state actors, but also by non-state actors. Conflicting
areas and privatization of war then trigger armed groups and Private Military and Security
Companies (PMSC) to recruit child soldiers, under the consideration that children are ‘cheap
capital’ and easy to recruit or manipulate.
4. typically used to normalize relations between elements of society which previously engaged
in wars
1. the effort of disarmament ,
2. and demobilization.
3. Reintegration / (DDR) = (a strategy to deal with post-conflict society by united nations)
5. Reintegration refers to the process of putting the elements of former combatants into the
society. Child soldiers are raised in an environment which deemed unfit for them. With
violence and pressure that surrounds, child soldiers are trapped in such situation and grew
accustomed to the hard and violent way of life. Their definition of ‘normal’ will constitute of
situation where hyper-violent action is not considered as something unfit to majorly accepted
social norms. Their lack of imagination and understanding of peaceful and harmonious
society
alienate themselves from various efforts made by society to abolish violence and conflicts.
6. consider holistic and inclusive education for the child soldiers; both for the objective to help
child soldier accelerate their selfreintegration process and to also help them reintegrate back
into the society. (mereka gak akan langsung masuk sekolah regular juga) / karantina dulu
step by step starting from :
(1) child soldiers self-reintegration; and
(2) child soldiers reintegration in society.
7. (ganemu)
8. NO.
Ada di position paper
9. NO
 Rule 155 of Customary IHL, provided leeway, where “coercion and duress may provide
exceptions… " and this principle might mitigate the responsibility of a child soldier who
was forcibly recruited and forced, under threat of harm, to commit war crimes,”
 The aim should not be punishment of child soldiers but rehabilitation. There are
alternatives that achieve this aim better than prosecutions. Truth and Reconciliation
Commissions and Disarmarment, Demobilisation and Rehabilitation programs (DDR) are
a better way of helping child soldiers come to terms with what they did and re-integrate
them into society. Prosecutions pose the risk of being one-sided victor’s justice. They
may also be selective because of lack of evidence or an overloaded justice system, so not
every child soldier will be prosecuted. It is better to have a comprehensive program of
rehabilitation so that all child soldiers can be re-integrated into society and rehabilitated.
 Children are often desired as recruits because they can be easily intimidated and
indoctrinated. They lack the mental maturity and judgment to express consent or to fully
understand the implications of their actions… and are pushed by their adult commanders
into perpetrating atrocities,”
IHL does not set a minimum age for criminal responsibility for international crimes
 They might not want to kill but everyone else is trying to kill them so they have no
choice.
 accountability for war crimes committed by children should be placed squarely on the
adults who recruit them. This way both justice can be served for the victim, and the
warlords will not be encouraged to recruit children thinking that they could get away with
the crime.
 Amnesty International recognises the needs of both victims and society for justice and
accountability, adding that it in most of the cases, it will be clear if they have committed
crimes voluntarily, or threatened or drugged. The human rights body highlights that
assessing a child's awareness of their choices should be undertaken critically.
 Some children volunteer to be become a soldier, some are brainwashed, and some are
threatened and drugged to be become soldiers.
- "When you kill for the first time, automatically, you change," said Norman who was
forced to fight for Ugandan warlord Joseph Kony. "Out of being innocent, you've
now become guilty. You feel like you're becoming part of them, part of the rebels."
- The issue is not new. During Sierra Leone's civil war of 1991–2002, thousands of
children were threatened, or force-fed drugs to become soldiers. A vast majority of
children had no choice but to fight, murder, rape, and mutilate, or they would be
killed themselves.
- In Liberia, children in need of protection or to due to the desire to seek revenge for
the killing of their families throughout the conflict approached warring parties to
become soldiers.
- And after decades of violent conflict in Afghanistan, severe poverty and a lack of
other opportunities have driven children into the fighting on all sides.
10. YES. It is worth to try. It is actually a good treatment may incentivize the children to put
down arms while no amnesty could get them to fight longer. On the other hand, amnesty
could result in mistrust by the victims as well as the possibility that they might end up
becoming threats within the society they were reintroduced to.
Karena masih anak-anak we can heal them, take them to rehabilitation and teach them in a
different ways.

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QARMAs

1. What is the minimum age standard for recruitment in the military?

5. How should the council define reintegration and child soldiers?

8. Does your country agree with the Canada doctrine?

(2) child soldiers reintegration in society.

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