CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL

BUILDING
INTERNSHIP TRAINING REPORT

Submitted by

B.RAMAMURTHY (1716145)

in partial fulfillment of the requirement for

the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in

CIVIL ENGINEERING

K.S. RANGASAMY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institution, affiliated to Anna University Chennai and Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)

TIRUCHENGODE – 637 215

APRIL 2021

K.S. RANGASAMY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

TIRUCHENGODE - 637 215
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “Construction of Residential Building” is the

Bonafide work of B.Ramamurthy (1716145), who carried out the project under my
supervision. Certified further, that to the best of my knowledge the work reported
herein does not form part of any other project report or dissertation on the basis of
which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other
candidate.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Dr.N.RAMESH.M.E ,Ph.D., MR.G.ANAND M.E,
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT INTERNSHIP TRAINING
Professor COORDINATOR
Department of Civil Engineering Assisstant Professor
K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology Department of Civil Engineering
Tiruchengode - 637 215 K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology
Tiruchengode - 637 215

Submitted for the viva-voce examination held on ………………

Internal Examiner External Examiner

(i)
 DECLARATION

I declare that the project report on “Construction of Residental Building ” is the

result of original work done by me and best of my knowledge. This project report is
submitted on the partial fulfilment of the requirement of the award of Degree of
Bachelor of engineering.

Signature

Place: Tiruchengode

Date:

(ii)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express our sincere gratitude to our honourable founder LION Dr.
K. S. RANGASAMY, M.J.F.,for providing immense facilities at our institution.

I would like to express special thanks of gratitude to our Chief Executive

Officer Dr. K. THYAGARAJAH, M.E., Ph.D., who has been the key spring of
motivation to us throughout the completion of our course and project work.

I am very proudly rendering our thanks to our Principal Dr. R.

GOPALAKRISHNAN., M.E., Ph.D. for the facilities and the encouragement given
by him to the progress and completion of our project.

I proudly render our immense gratitude to the Head of the Department of

Dr.N.RAMESH. M.E., Ph.D., for her effective leadership, encouragement and
guidance in the project.

I am highly indebted to provide our heart full thanks to our supervisor

MR. G.ANAND M.E., Professor for his valuable ideas, encouragement and
supportive guidance throughout the project.
I wish to extend our sincere thanks to all faculty members of our civil
engineering Department for their valuable suggestions, kind co-operation and constant
encouragement for successful completion of this project.

I wish to acknowledge the help received from various Departments and various
individuals during the preparation and editing stages of the manuscript.

(iii)
 ABSTRACT

This Internship Training report covered the topics which I understood during
my training period. I underwent internship training in the company Avighna
Construction, Tirupur. It deals with the construction of Construction of Residential
Building .The motto of the company is to achieve quality construction and hence,
focus on the material selection and proper execution of work were its important
parameters. For this a thorough knowledge on different brands of materials and it’s
specifications must be known priority. As an engineer, the plan must be properly
executed as per specifications and to describe the plan to the labour skill level in order
to avoid various kinds of errors occurring during construction. In addition to, I have
gained knowledge from various departments such as quality assurance, safety, finance,
store keeping, batching plant, etc.,. The estimated cost of the project is 50 lakhs.
Though it is a major construction, I am able to gain knowledge on the various phases
of construction activities.

(iv)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE Page No.

ABSTRACT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY 2

3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3

4 SAFETY INDUCTION 6

5 MATERIAL DETAILS 7

6 CONSTRUCTION SITE WORK 10

6.1 EARTHWORK EXCAVATION 10

6.2 DEWATERING WORK 11

6.3 PCC 11

6.4 FOOTING FORM WORK 12

6.5 FOOTING 13

6.6 COLUMN RISING UPTO NATURAL 13

GROUND LEVEL

6.7 GRADE BEAM 13

6.8 SHOE MARKING 14

6.9 COLUMN RISING UPTO PLINTH 15

BOTTOM LEVEL

6.10 BASEMENT BRICKWORK 15

6.11 SOIL FILLING 15

(v)
6.12 PLINTH BEAM 16

6.13 COLUMN CURING 17

6.14 SLAB CENTERING 17

6.15 ROOF BEAM REINFORCEMENT 18

6.16 ELECTRICAL WORK 18

6.17 ROOF SLAB 19

6.18 SLAB CURING 19

6.19 BRICK WORK 20

6.20 FIRST FLOOR COLUMN 21

7 CONSTRUCTION WORK UPTO THIS DATE 22

8 CONCLUSION 23

9 REFERENCES 24

10 CERTIFICATE 25

(vi)
 LIST OF FIGURES
TITLE
FIGURE NO PAGE NO
3.1 GROUND FLOOR PLAN 3
3.2 FIRST FLOOR PLAN 4
3.3 SECOND FLOOR PLAN 5
4.1 SAFETY EQUIPMENT 6
5.1 CEMENT 8
5.2 M-SAND 8
5.3 COARSE AGGREGATE 9
6.1 EARTHWORK EXCAVATION 10
6.2 DEWATERING 11
6.3 PCC 12
6.4 FOOTING FORM WORK 12
6.6 COLUMN RISING UPTO GROUND LEVEL 13
6.7 GRADE BEAM 14
6.8 SHOE MARKING 14
6.9 COLUMN RISING UPTO PLINTH BOTTOM

LEVEL 15
6.10 BASEMENT BRICKWORK 15
6.11 SOIL FILLING 16
6.12 PLINTH BEAM 16
6.13 COLUMN CURING 17
6.14 SLAB CENTERING 17
6.15 ROOF BEAM REINFORCEMENT 18
6.16 ELECTRICAL WORK 18
6.17 ROOF SLAB 19
6.18 SLAB CURING 19
6.19 BRICK WORK 20
6.20 FIRST FLOOR COLUMN 21
7 CONSTRUCTION WORK UPTO THIS DATE 22
10 CERTIFICATE 25
(vii)
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

The internship training has been undergone on the construction activity of

Residential Building. The Building constructed is constructed based on a building
technique called composite structure. The construction was carried at Tirupur.

The general responsibilities of building contractor entail the individual

planning and carrying through any and all pertinent activities relating to the
construction of a dwelling, building or other structure. The building contractor carries
out his duties by supervising Employees, planning how the project will be carried out
and completing the project in a manner which coincides with all laws, rules and
regulation which may be in existence and correlate with construction.

This Project is based on tenders format. The information to be given to

general public for getting the bid for executing a construction work (or) supply
material (or) Equipment. The mainly cost of tender document, Then Earnest money
deposit to be paid, Date ,time and place of opening tenders.

During the training period Earthwork Excavation for foundation, Plain cement
concrete, footing, Pedestal, Shoe, column, Plinth beam, Brickwork, Slab were in
progress.

1
 CHAPTER 2
DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY
It is proposed to construct Avighna Construction. This contractor is mainly
concerned with building of College, school, Hospital, Highway Road, residential
buildings , Government Office etc. The are one of the renowned quality oriented
contractor and quality is their main aim towards which they are dedicated. The use
high quality raw materials in each of their field works.

BASIC INFORMATION OF THECOMPANY :

Company Name AVIGHNA CONSTRUCTION

Class of Company Private

Phone 9787676856

Email.id [email protected]

2
 CHAPTER 3
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
Construction of Residental Building (G+2) including internal water supply,
sanitary and Electrification arrangements with all development work at Gandhi nagar
Tirupur.
Details:
Plinth Area : 850 sq.ft
Common Area : 10 sq.ft
Project Name : residental building.
Location : gandhinagartirupur.
Date of Project Started on : 20.10.2020
Agreement Period : 16 Months
Total Estimation : 50 lakhs

Figure 3.1:Ground Floor Plan

3
Figure 3.2: First Floor Plan
4
Figure 3.3 : Second Floor Plan
5
 CHAPTER 4

SAFETY INDUCTION

Safety is very important part of any work. Most accidents can be prevented by
taking simple measures or adopting proper working procedures. It is important to
educate everyone in the site regarding safety.
 Working safety.
 Construction progress.
 Standard procedures.
 Legal cases.
 Working efficiency.

Figure 4.1 Safety Equipment

6
 CHAPTER 5

MATERIAL DETAILS

In the Public building grade of concrete is M20 of mixing ratio 1:1.5:3 Fy415
grade of steel (HYSD bars), 40mm size of coarse aggregate at PCC, 20mm size of
coarse aggregate at plinth beam, bricks, M-sand, cement used and another material
such as pan, mortar, trowel, etc..
5.1 CEMENT
1. The cement used shall be one of the following types:
a) 43 grade Ordinary Portland Cement conforming to IS: 8112.
b) 53 grade Ordinary Portland Cement conforming to IS: 12269.
c) Portland Slag Cement confirming to IS:455.
i. For piling and foundation work, slab on grade, underground structures and all
structures in contract with earth, type of cement shall be as mentioned in section8
on pile foundations.
ii. Whenever possible all cements of each type shall be obtained from one constant
throughout the contract. Cement of different types shall not be mixed with one
another. Different brands of cement, or the same brand of cement from different
sources, shall not be used without prior approval of the Engineer.
iii. Packaged cement shall be delivered to the site in original sealed bags which shall
belabelled with the weight, name of manufacturer, brand and type. Cement
received in torn bags shall not be used. Cement shall be used in the order in which
it is received. Cement in bags in storage for more than 3 months shall be retested
before use. A sample taken once for every 1000 bags shall be tested.
Contractor may obtain cement in bulk and store it in suitable silos of adequate
capacity. Each type of cement shall be stored in a separate silo and it shall be ensured,
that cements of different quality are not mixed up.
iv. All cement shall be fresh when delivered and at ambient atmospheric temperature.
v. In fair faced elements, the cement used in the concrete for any complete element
shall befrom a single consignment. All cement for exposed concrete shall be from
the same approved source and uniform in colour.
vi. With each and every delivery of cement, the contractor shall provide
manufacturerscertificate that the cement conforms to the relevant Indian standard.
The contractor shall provide complete facilities at site for carrying out the
following tests:
a) Setting time by vicat apparatus as per IS:4031 and IS:5513.
b) Compressive strength of cement as per IS: 4031, IS:650, IS:10080.
7
vii. Total chloride content in cement shall in no case exceed 0.05 percent by mass of
cement. Also, total sulphur content calculated as sulphuric anhydride (SO3), shall in
no case exceed 2.5 percent and 3.0 percent when tri-calcium aluminates per cent by
mass is upto5 or greater than 5 respectively.

Fig-5.1 Cement
5.2 M-SAND (MANUFACTRED SAND)
Manufactured sand (M-Sand) is a substitute of river sand for concrete
construction. Manufactured sand is produced from hard granite stone by crushing.
The Size is less than 4.75mm.Fig 5.2

Fig-5.2 M-SAND
8
5.3 COARSE AGGREGATE

Coarse aggregates are particulates that are greater than 4.75mm.Typically the
most common size of aggregate used in construction is 20mm. A larger size, 40mm, is
more common in mass concrete. Fig 5.3

Fig-5.3 Coarse Aggregate

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 CHAPTER 6

CONSTRUCTION SITE WORK

6.1 EARTHWORK EXCAVATION FOR FOUNDATION:

 Earth work excavation for foundation article covers the works specification of
earthwork in excavation in all kinds of soils including murrum, hard murrum,
soft rock.
 Drawings for earth work excavation for foundation should contain all
necessary drawings showing the areas to be excavated, filled, sequence of
priorities etc.
Engineer at site shall follow strictly such drawings.

 Earth Work in Excavation Manually for depth up to 1.9m from Existing GL.

 For excavation for drain work, the sides and the bottoms should be to the
required slope, shape and gradient. The cutting shall be done from top to
bottom. Under no circumstances shall undermining or under cutting be
allowed. The final surface shall be neatly levelled and well compacted. The
earth from the cutting shall be directly used for filling either in plinth or on
grounds. Fig 6.1

Fig-6.1 Earthwork Excavation

10
6.2 DEWATERING WORK
Dewatering is a term to describe the removal of groundwater or surface water from for
a construction site. In construction the water is pumped from wells or sumps to
temporarily lower the groundwater levels, to allow excavation in dry and stable
conditions below natural groundwater level.

Fig-6.2 Dewatering
6.3 PCC
Plain cement concrete 1:4:8, one part of cement, four part of sand, eight part coarse
aggregate of 20mm size. Depth of Pcc 100MM

This is used at below any foundation to make a clean and level surface for easy to
work, away from sand, dust, mud, etc. This is the temporary structure created to ease
your work. PCC is not a Structural Member which can bear any load or pressure. But
this plays a very important role when foundation work is going on. PCC will help to
keep it as per measurement and as per design. Fig 6.3

11
 Fig-6.3 PCC

6.4 FOOTING FORM WORK

The first step for any concrete construction starts with the construction of foundation.
Foundation can be for columns or walls. So, based on type of structural member, the
shape and size of footing are designed. Thus formwork size and shape depends on the
type and dimension of the footing.

Fig-6.4 FOOTING FORM WORK

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6.5 FOOTING

Footing are structural member used to support column and wall and to transmit and
distribute their load to the soil in such a way that the load bearing capacity of the soil
is not exceeded, excessive settlement, differential settlement (or) rotation are
prevented and adequate safety against overturning (or) sliding is maintained.

6.6 COLUMN RISING UPTO NATURAL GROUND LEVEL

Natural ground level is termed as level of the ground. The height of Natural ground
level (NGL) is generally measured with Mean-sea level. Below natural of ground
Level 1M.

Fig-6.6 Column Rising upto Ground level

6.7 GRADE BEAM

The grade beams are not required to support significant structural loads
directly. Grade beams are used to connect column foundations together, whether the
columns are supported on individual spread footings, individual piles, or pile groups.
Wood forms are only needed for the above ground portions of the grade beam.
13
 Fig 6.7 GRADE BEAM
6.8 SHOE MARKING
Shoe footing is the half footing cut-out from the original footing and it has a shape of
shoe. It is provided in the corner of the plot . Where there is no provision of setback
area. They are constructed on property boundary. Column is provided or loaded at the
edges of footing.

Fig-6.8 SHOE MARKING

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6.9 COLUMN RISING UPTO PLINTH BOTTOM LEVEL

6.10 BASEMENT BRICKWORK

Basement walls and design differ from other structural walls because in the
basement inside of wall have living space and earth filling on the outside of
wall i.e. why these are structurally designed as retaining walls to overcome the
lateral pressure of outside filling of soil/earth.The standard size of the brick is
230x110x70MM. Depth of 0.6M

Fig-6.10 BASEMENT BRICKWORK

6.11 SOIL FILLING

Soil filling is one of the essential features required for every construction project. So
that the site gets developed and prepared for construction. In this article, We will
discuss how to calculate the quantity of soil/sand and no. of trally/tucks required for
filling plot.
15
 Fig-6.11 SOIL FILLING

6.12 PLINTH BEAM

The plinth beam is a reinforced concrete beam built between the wall and its
foundation. The plinth beam is provided to prevent the extension or cracking of the
foundation cracks in the wall above when the foundation suffers from laying.

Plinth Beam evenly distribute the load from the wall over the foundation.

In a skeletal system, which is the other name for a framed structure, the plinth
beam is the first beam to be built after the foundation. Fig 6.12

Fig-6.12 PLINTH BEAM

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6.13 COLUMN CURING
After concrete is placed, the concrete increases in strength very quickly for a period of
3-7 days. Concrete which is moist cured for 7 days is about 50% stronger than uncured
concrete. Water curing can be done after the slab pour by building dams with soil
around the house and flooding the slab.

Fig-6.13 COLUMN CURING

6.14 SLAB CENTERING
Providing form work for centering , shuttering etc., for all reinforced concrete
work like slab, beam, lintels , loft etc., including shuttering , upto 3.00m high using
MS sheet of size 90cm*60cm and BG 10, stiffened with MS angle of size
25mm*25mm*3mm laid over sliver oak (country wood) joist of size 10cm*6.5cm
(spaced about 91cm center to center) distance and supported by casurina props of size
10cm-13cm dia (spaced at 7cm center to center).

Fig-6.14 Slab Centering

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6.15 ROOF BEAM REINFORCEMENT
The roof beam is connected to the Roof Slab to prevent separation during rebound.
The connection will be designed to prevent composite action between roof slab and
roof beam because composite action increases bending capacity while not increasing
the beam shear capacity; neglecting this effect could be very conservative.

Fig-6.15 ROOF BEAM REINFORCEMENT

6.16 ELETRICAL WORK

The concrete for a PVC conduit, which will carry the electrical cable under
the floor. Use it to make four parallel kerfs about ½ inch apart in the exposed
concrete. These cuts will kick up clouds of dust, so be sure to wear safety glasses and
a dust mask.

Fig-6.16 ELETRICAL WORK

18
6.17 ROOF SLAB
Reinforced concrete slab design and detailing guidelines for depth of slab, loads on
slab, reinforcement guide for one-way and two-way slabs as per IS 456:2000 have
been tried to present here. Grade-M25 1:1:2

Fig-6.17 ROOF SLAB

6.18 SLAB CURING
After concrete is placed, the concrete increases in strength very quickly for a period of
3-7 days. Concrete which is moist cured for 7 days is about 50% stronger than uncured
concrete. Water curing can be done after the slab pour by building dams with soil
around the house and flooding the slab.

Fig-6.18 SLAB CURING

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6.19 BRICK WORK
Brick work in cement mortor 1:5& 1:6 using Ash brick of size not less than
23cm*11cm*7cm including dewatering wherever necessary, proper setting, curing ,
etc. Complete in all respects as direction by the department officers.
Ash bricks are masonry units that are used in the construction of buildings. They are
considered to be a part of good and affordable building materials. They contain Class
C ash and water.
Ash bricks are made by compressing Class C ash and water at 4000psi and then
curing is carried on for 24 hours at a temperature of 66 degrees Celsius steam bath.
Air entrainment agent is used to toughen the bricks.

Raw materials used for the manufacture of Bricks:

• Bricks – which is the primary ingredient

• Sand or Stone dust – as fine aggregate
• Lime – source of calcium carbonate which results in the bricks being called
“Self-cementing bricks”.
• Gypsum – to enhance the fineness of the shape of the bricks
• Cement – to increase bonding and strength

General Characteristics of Bricks

• The standard size of the brick is 230x110x70

• The bricks are manufactured and tested as per IS 12894-2002
• bricks are sound, compact and uniform in shape, size and colour. Smooth
rectangular faces of the bricks are accompanied with sharp and square corners.
• They are free from visible cracks, warpage, flaws and organic matter.
• Compressive strength: 7.5N/mm2 on an average
• Water absorption: <8%

Fig-6.19 Brick Work

20
6.20 FIRST FLOOR COLUMN

 Grade of Steel : Fe 550

 Column size : 1.5X1
 Diameter of reinforcement bars : 16mm (4# - 16 mm & 6# - 12 mm)
 Diameter of tie bars : 8mm
 Spacing of tie bars : 150 mm c/c
 Height of Column : 2.51 mm

Fig 6.20 FIRST FLOOR COLUMN

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 CHAPTER 7

CONSTRUCTION WORK UPTO THIS DATE

Fig-7 CONSTRUCTION WORK UPTO THIS DATE

22
 CHAPTER 8

CONCLUSION
The primary objective of this report is a description of practical knowledge.
In the period of training, the aspects of practical application of various
methodologies were studied and learnt the art of being pioneer in solving practical
problem faced at site

During this Training period, the following conclusions are attained,

There are differences between theoretical and practical approach to execute

various construction process. Theoretical knowledge is insufficient to
commence task at site.

The quality of construction work was at priority with respect to time. Various
check were formatted at each step of construction to ensure the quality of work.

The foundation regarding material used, size, type of concrete used, column size
extract from footing, forces acting, and column reinforcement were studied.

23
 CHAPTER 9

REFERENCES

1. IS 456 – 2000, “Plain and Reinforced Concrete Code of Practice”, Bureau of

Indian Standards, New Delhi.

2. NATIONAL BUILDING CODE Book of India 2016 (volume.1)

3. M S Shetty, “Concrete Technology”, S.Chand Publishing company ltd., New

Delhi.

4. M L Gambhir, (Fifth Edition) “Concrete Technology”, Tata McGraw-Hill

Publishing company ltd., New Delhi.

5. Krishna Raju, “Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures”, CBS Publishers and

Distributors, New Delhi.

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CHAPTER 10

CERTIFICATE

25