04 Chem Review 3

Naming Inorganic Compounds
common names
systematic names
Molecular Common Systematic
Formula name name
AgCl Lunar caustic Silver chloride
H2SO4 Oil of vitriol Sulfuric acid
MgSO4 Epsom salts Magnesium sulfate

Nonenclature
When naming chemical compounds we

distinguish between
Organic compounds
- compounds containing carbon.
Exceptions: CO, CO2, CS2, CN-, CO32-, HCO3-, H2CO3
Inorganic compounds
- all other compounds
we can break the naming of inorganic
compounds into four categories:
Ionic compounds
Molecular compounds
Acids and Bases
Hydrates
Naming binary ionic compounds
binary compounds contain two elements
and are named as two words
first word is name of more electropositive element
second word is first part of name of more

electronegative element followed by -ide
Example
Write the formulas for the following
compounds:
(a) potassium sulfide
K+
S2–
Answer: K2S
Binary compounds of metals (cont’d)
When metal can form more than one type of

cation, indicate charge by Roman numeral in
parenthesis
MnO
manganese(II) oxide
Mn2O3
manganese(III) oxide
MnO2
manganese(IV) oxide
use of the suffixes -ous and -ic is discouraged

Example
compounds:
(a) tin(II) fluoride
Sn2+
F–
Answer: SnF2
Example
compounds:
(a) mercury(II) oxide
Hg2+
O2–
Answer: HgO
Polyatomic Ions
molecules with a charge
(SO42- )
:
:O:
:
:O S :
O:
: O:
:
Polyatomic Ions
(CO32- ) carbonate
(CrO42- ) chromate
(OH- ) hydroxide
(NO3- ) nitrate
(Cr2O72- ) dichromate
(ClO3- ) chlorate
bromate (BrO3- )
Iodate (IO3- )
peroxide O22–
–O O –
acetate C2H3O2–
H O
H C C O–
H
Example
Name the following ionic compounds:
(a) Cu(NO3)2
Cu2+
2NO3-
Answer: copper(II)nitrate
Naming Molecular Compounds
Molecular Compounds
Electrons are shared by the atoms.

Covalent Bonds
Electrons however are not shared equally.

δ+ H 105° H δ+
O
2δ−
naming binary compounds of
nonmetals
1) more electropositive element named first
(and listed first in chemical formula)
2) more electronegative element named in usual

way (with -ide suffix)
3) counting prefixes are used with each name
but mono is not used with first name

Greek prefixes used in naming
molecular compounds
Prefix Meaning Prefix Meaning
Mono- 1 Hexa- 6
Di- 2 Hepta- 7
Tri- 3 Octa- 8
Tetra- 4 Nona- 9
Penta- 5 Deca- 10
Name the following compounds
ClF3 chlorine trifluoride
SCl2 sulfur dichloride
Cl2O7 dichlorine heptoxide

Naming Acids
Naming an acid depends on whether the
anion contains oxygen
If the anion does not contain oxygen the acid

is named with the prefix hydro and the suffix
--ic
If the anion contains oxygen the acid name is
formed from the root name of the anion with
the suffix -ic or -ous
Names for some binary acids
Anion Corresponding Acid
F– (fluoride) HF (hydrofluoric acid)
Cl– (chloride) HCl (hydrochloric acid)
Br– (bromide) HBr (hydrobromic acid)
I– (iodide) HI (hydroiodic acid)
CN– (cyanide) HCN (hydrocyanic acid)
S2– (sulfide) H2S (hydrosulfuric acid)
Ternary acids
three element acids
most ternary acids are oxyacids containing

hydrogen, oxygen, and one other element
Oxyacids
acetate anion acetic acid

H O H O
H C C O– H C C O H
H H
Oxyacids
perchlorate ClO4– perchloric acid HClO4
HOClO3
Addition of one O atom
chlorate ClO3– chloric acid HClO3

removal of one O atom
HOClO2
chlorite ClO2– chlorous acid HClO2
removal of two O atoms HOClO
hypochlorite ClO– hypochlorous acid HOCl
Hydrates
Compounds that have a specific number of
water molecules attached to them
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate

CuSO4 • 5H2O
Copper(II) sulfate anhydrous
Anhydrous - the water molecules
CuSO4 have been driven off by heating
Chemical Equations
shows the results of a chemical process
reactants (reagents) products

coefficients
the numbers in front of formulas in
chemical equations
gives the relative number of molecules
taking part in a reaction
Skeleton Equations
is a term which describes using chemical
formulas rather than words to identify the
reactants and products
2H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2H2O (g)
Chemical bonds have been broken and new

chemical bonds have been formed
Writing Chemical Equations
2 H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O (g)
4.04 g 32.00 g 36.04 g

Parentheses show physical state of substances
physical state of substances
(s) = solid
(l) = liquid
(g) = gas
(aq) = aqueous (dissolved in water)
Example
mass interpretation
2H2 + O2 2H2O
4g 32 g 36 g
Start: 4g
32g 0
Finish: 0
0 36 g
The law of conservation of mass
requires that chemical equations
must balance.
What goes in Must come out

Writing and balancing the equation for a
chemical reaction
1. Identify all reactants and products and write their
correct formulas on the left side and right side of the
equation, respectively.
2. Begin balancing the equation by trying suitable
coefficients that will give us the same number of
atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.
Change coefficients, but not subscripts.
3. Look for elements that appear only once on each
side of the equation. Balance these first.
4. Check.
Example
Balance the following equation
Fe2O3 + CO 2 Fe + 2CO2
Example
Fe2O3 +3CO 2 Fe + 3CO2

Example
NH3 + O2 NO + H2O
2 NH3 + O2 2 NO + 3 H2O
2NH3 + (5/2)O2 2NO + 3H2O

multiply everything by 2
4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O

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Naming Inorganic Compounds

AgCl Lunar caustic Silver chloride

H2SO4 Oil of vitriol Sulfuric acid

MgSO4 Epsom salts Magnesium sulfate

When naming chemical compounds we

binary compounds contain two elements

and are named as two words

first word is name of more electropositive element

second word is first part of name of more

When metal can form more than one type of

use of the suffixes -ous and -ic is discouraged

molecules with a charge

Name the following ionic compounds:

Electrons are shared by the atoms.

Electrons however are not shared equally.

2) more electronegative element named in usual

3) counting prefixes are used with each name

but mono is not used with first name

ClF3 chlorine trifluoride

SCl2 sulfur dichloride

Cl2O7 dichlorine heptoxide

If the anion does not contain oxygen the acid

three element acids

most ternary acids are oxyacids containing

acetate anion acetic acid

chlorate ClO3– chloric acid HClO3

Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate

reactants (reagents) products

2H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2H2O (g)

Chemical bonds have been broken and new

2 H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O (g)

4.04 g 32.00 g 36.04 g

What goes in Must come out

Fe2O3 +3CO 2 Fe + 3CO2

2NH3 + (5/2)O2 2NO + 3H2O

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