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    Unit 4: Words (44-46)

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    Unit 4: Words (44-46)

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    Tamara Petrovic
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    36 views9 pages

    Unit 4: Words (44-46)

    Uploaded by

    Tamara Petrovic

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    Unit 4

    Words (44-46)

    Itinerary- a detailed plan of a journey

    Deteriorate- to become worse

    Severity- seriousness

    Conduct- to organize and lead

    Uninhabitable- impossible or unsuitable to live in

    Stunning- very attractive or/and impressive

    1. My father always tells me that travel broadens the mind.


    2. It is a five-hour trip by bus to get from here to Madrid.
    3. We are planning on taking a guided tour of Paris when we go there.
    4. My friends and I want on a journey to Miami last week. We deserve a rest after our exams.

    1. An expedition across the Atlantic Ocean used to last for week.


    2. The purpose of the voyage was for the scientist to explore America.
    3. My son’s classroom is going on a excursion to the aquarium tomorrow.

    1. Cabin- a small room on a ship in which you live or sleep


    2. Cottage - a small house, especially in the country
    3. Caravan - a road vehicle without an engine that is pulled by a car, designed for people to live
    and sleep in, especially when they are on holiday

    1. Bustling- very busy, full of people, activity and noise


    2. Unspoilt- beautiful because it has not been changed or ruined by people
    3. Scenic- having a beautiful natural features
    4. Cosmopolitan- including many people, language and cultures from around the world
    5. Tranquil- quiet and peaceful
    6. Industrial- connected with industry
    7. Picturesque - pretty, especially in a way that looks old-fashioned
    Grammar
    Future forms

    Will/shall+ inf
     Will and shall are modal verbs. They are used with the base form of the main verb (They will
    go; I shall ask her). Shall is only used for future time reference with I and we, and is more
    formal than will.

    Will and shall: uses

     Predictions
    We use will and shall to make predictions and to state facts about the future:
    There will be strong winds tomorrow in the south of the country.
    The year 2025 will be the four-hundredth anniversary of the founding of the university.
    We shall need an extra bedroom when the new baby arrives.
     Decisions and offers
    Will and shall (usually in the short form ’ll) are used to announce decisions and to make
    offers

    Be going to: form

    We use be going to + the base form of the verb

    Be going to: uses

    Intentions

    We use be going to to talk about future plans and intentions. Usually the decision about the future plans
    has already been made:
    She’s going to be a professional dancer when she grows up.
    I’m going to look for a new place to live next month.

    Predictions

    We use be going to to predict something that we think is certain to happen or which we have evidence
    for now:
    It’s going to snow again soon. (The speaker can probably see dark snow clouds.)
    Look out! He’s going to break that glass.

    Commands

    We use be going to when we give commands or state that something is obligatory:


    [parent to a child]
    You’re going to pick up all of those toys right now. This room is a mess!
    Future progessive

    Future continuous: use

    We use the future continuous to refer to temporary actions and events that will be in progress at a
    particular time in the future:

    This time next week, I’ll be taking photographs with my new camera.

    I’ll post your letter for you.  I’ll be passing  a post-box.

    Next week they  will be flying  to Australia from Saudi Arabia.

    She  will not be working  on Tuesday.

    Unfortunately we  won’t be  attending  the wedding.


    Future perfect simple: form

    Future perfect simple: use

    Events finished by a certain time in the future

    We use the future perfect form when we look back to the past from a point in the future. We usually use
    a time phrase, for example by tomorrow, for three years:

    Do you think she’ll have seen the doctor by four o’clock?

    Next month my parents will have been together for thirty years.

    At the end of this month, they will have been in their house for one year.

    Next month I will have worked for the company for six years.

    I think they’ll have got there by six o’clock.

    Won’t she have retired by the end of the year? (more common than Will she not have retired?)
    Time expressions
    By+ a point of time, by the time, by than, before

    Future perfect continuous: form

    We use will/shall + have + been + the -ing form of the verb.

    We use shall only for future time reference with I and we. Shall is more formal and less common
    than will.
    Future perfect continuous: use

    Emphasising the length of an event at a time in the future

    We use the future perfect continuous form when we are looking back to the past from a point in the
    future and we want to emphasise the length or duration of an activity or event:

    In September the head teacher  will have been teaching  at the school for 20 years.

    In September, she  will have been living  in France for a year.

    I  will have been studying  English for three years by the end of this course.

    We’re late. I think they’ll have been waiting  for us. We’d better go.

    Words

    Call off- to cancel something; to decide that something will not happen

    See someone off- to say goodbye to somebody who is starting a journey

    Put someone up- to let somebody stay at your home

    Stop over- to stay somewhere for a short time during a long journey

    Put off- to cancel a meeting or an arrangement that you have made with somebody

    Get away- to have a holiday

    Make out- to understand

    Drop off- to fall into a light sleep

    Grammar
    The Zero Conditional

    We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs (one in the 'if
    clause' and one in the 'main clause'):

     If + present simple, .... present simple.


    This conditional is used when the result will always happen. So, if water reaches 100
    degrees, it always boils. It's a fact. I'm talking in general, not about one particular
    situation. The result of the 'if clause' is always the main clause.
    The 'if' in this conditional can usually be replaced by 'when' without changing the
    meaning.

    For example: If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils. (It is always true, there can't be a
    different result sometimes). If I eat peanuts, I am sick. (This is true only for me, maybe,
    not for everyone, but it's still true that I'm sick every time I eat peanuts)

    Here are some more examples:


     If people eat too much, they get fat.
     If you touch a fire, you get burned.
     People die if they don't eat.
     You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen.
     Snakes bite if they are scared
     If babies are hungry, they cry

    The First Conditional

    The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future simple in the
    other clause:

     if + present simple, ... will + infinitive


    It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can't
    know what will happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could
    easily come true.

     If it rains, I won't go to the park.


     If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight.
     If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes.
     She'll be late if the train is delayed.
     She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon.
     If I see her, I'll tell her.
    First vs. Zero Conditional:
    The first conditional describes a particular situation, whereas the zero
    conditional describes what happens in general.

    For example (zero conditional): if you sit in the sun, you get burned (here I'm talking
    about every time a person sits in the sun - the burning is a natural consequence of the
    sitting)
    But (first conditional): if you sit in the sun, you'll get burned (here I'm talking about what
    will happen today, another day might be different)

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