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    G.R No. L-66469

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    Edwino Nudo Barbosa Jr.
    1) Mario Abong was charged with homicide but was able to deceive a lower court into granting him bail using an earlier, less serious charge, allowing him to escape. The trial court then refused to proceed with the trial in absentia. 2) The Supreme Court ruled that the trial could proceed in absentia as long as the defendant had been arraigned, notified of the trial, and their failure to appear was unjustified, as dictated by the Constitution. 3) Abong's escape constituted a waiver of his right to be present and to be notified of proceedings. The trial court was ordered to continue the trial in absentia until its completion.

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    G.R No. L-66469

    Uploaded by

    Edwino Nudo Barbosa Jr.
    74 views2 pages
    1) Mario Abong was charged with homicide but was able to deceive a lower court into granting him bail using an earlier, less serious charge, allowing him to escape. The trial court then refused to proceed with the trial in absentia. 2) The Supreme Court ruled that the trial could proceed in absentia as long as the defendant had been arraigned, notified of the trial, and their failure to appear was unjustified, as dictated by the Constitution. 3) Abong's escape constituted a waiver of his right to be present and to be notified of proceedings. The trial court was ordered to continue the trial in absentia until its completion.

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    G.R NO. L-66469

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    1) Mario Abong was charged with homicide but was able to deceive a lower court into granting him bail using an earlier, less serious charge, allowing him to escape. The trial court then refused to proceed with the trial in absentia. 2) The Supreme Court ruled that the trial could proceed in absentia as long as the defendant had been arraigned, notified of the trial, and their failure to appear was unjustified, as dictated by the Constitution. 3) Abong's escape constituted a waiver of his right to be present and to be notified of proceedings. The trial court was ordered to continue the trial in absentia until its completion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    74 views2 pages

    G.R No. L-66469

    Uploaded by

    Edwino Nudo Barbosa Jr.
    1) Mario Abong was charged with homicide but was able to deceive a lower court into granting him bail using an earlier, less serious charge, allowing him to escape. The trial court then refused to proceed with the trial in absentia. 2) The Supreme Court ruled that the trial could proceed in absentia as long as the defendant had been arraigned, notified of the trial, and their failure to appear was unjustified, as dictated by the Constitution. 3) Abong's escape constituted a waiver of his right to be present and to be notified of proceedings. The trial court was ordered to continue the trial in absentia until its completion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    4/18/2021 G.R. No.

    L-66469

    Today is Sunday, April 18, 2021

    Constitution Statutes Executive Issuances Judicial Issuances Other Issuances Jurisprudence International Legal Resources AUSL Exclusive

    Republic of the Philippines


    SUPREME COURT
    Manila

    FIRST DIVISION

    G.R. No. L-66469 July 29, 1986

    PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES and ALFREDO QUIJANO, petitioners,


    vs.
    HON. BERNARDO SALAS (In his capacity as Presiding Judge of RTC, Cebu, Branch VIII), MARIO ABONG,
    ALFREDO DE LEON, ERIWADWIN MONTEBON, ROMEO DE GUZMAN, & EDUARDO MABUHAY, respondents.

    Basilio E. Duaban for accused.

    CRUZ, J.:

    Mario Abong was originally charged with homicide in the Court of First Instance of Cebu but before he could be
    arraigned the case was reinvestigated on motion of the prosecution.1 As a result of the reinvestigation, an amended information was
    filed, with no bail recommended, to which he pleaded not guilty.2 Trial commenced, but while it was in progress, the prisoner, taking advantage of the first
    information for homicide, succeeded in deceiving the city court of Cebu into granting him bail and ordering his release; and so he escaped.3 The respondent judge,
    learning later of the trickery, cancelled the illegal bail bond and ordered Abong's re-arrest.4 But he was gone. Nonetheless, the prosecution moved that the hearing
    continue in accordance with the constitutional provision authorizing trial in absentia under certain circumstances.5 The respondent judge denied the motion,
    however, and suspended all proceedings until the return of the accused.6 The order of the trial court is now before us on certiorari and mandamus.7

    The judge erred. He did not see the woods for the trees. He mistakenly allowed himself to be tethered by the literal
    reading of the rule when he should have viewed it from the broader perspective of its intendment.

    The rule is found in the last sentence of Article IV, Section 19, of the 1973 Constitution, reading in full as follows:

    Section 19. In all criminal prosecution, the accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is
    proved and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to he informed of the nature and
    cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the witnesses
    face to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the
    production of evidence in his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the
    absence of the accused provided that he has been duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustified.

    The purpose of this rule is to speed up the disposition of criminal cases, trial of which could in the past be
    indefinitely deferred, and many times completely abandoned, because of the defendant's escape. The old case of
    People v. Avanceña 8 required his presence at certain stages of the trial which as a result, had to be discontinued as long as the defendant had not re-
    appeared or remained at large. As his right to be present at these stages was then held not waivable even by his escape, such escape thus operated to the
    fugitive's advantage, and in mockery of the authorities, insofar as the trial could not proceed as long as he had not been recaptured.

    The doctrine laid down in that case has been modified by Section 19, which now allows trial in absentia, Now, the
    prisoner cannot by simply escaping thwart his continued prosecution and possibly eventual conviction provided only
    that: a) he has been arraigned; b) he has been duly notified of the trial; and c) his failure to appear is unjustified.

    The respondent judge was probably still thinking of the old doctrine when he ruled that trial in absentia of the
    escapee could not be held because he could not be duly notified under Section 19. He forgets that the fugitive is
    now deemed to have waived such notice precisely because he has escaped, and it is also this escape that makes
    his failure to appear at his trial unjustified. Escape can never be a legal justification. In the past, his escape
    "rewarded" him by postponing all further proceedings against him and in effect ultimately absolving him of the
    charge he was facing. Under the present rule, his escape will, legally speaking, operate to Ms disadvantage by
    preventing him from attending his trial, which will continue even in his absence and most likely result in his
    conviction.

    The right to be present at one's trial may now be waived except only at that stage where the prosecution intends to
    present witnesses who will Identify the accused.9 Under Section 19, the defendant's escape will be considered a waiver of this right and the
    inability of the court to notify him of the subsequent hearings will not prevent it from continuing with his trial. He will be deemed to have received due notice. The
    same fact of his escape will make his failure to appear unjustified because he has, by escaping, placed himself beyond the pale, and protection, of the law.

    10
    Trial in absentia was not allowed in Borja v. Mendoza because it was held notwithstanding that the accused had not been previously
    arraigned. His subsequent conviction was properly set aside. But in the instant case, since all the requisites are present, there is absolutely no reason why the
    respondent judge should refuse to try the accused, who had already been arraigned at the time he was released on the illegal bail bond. Abong should be
    prepared to bear the consequences of his escape, including forfeiture of the right to be notified of the subsequent proceedings and of the right to adduce evidence
    on his behalf and refute the evidence of the prosecution, not to mention a possible or even probable conviction.

    https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1986/jul1986/gr_66469_1986.html 1/2
    4/18/2021 G.R. No. L-66469
    We admonish against a too-literal reading of the law as this is apt to constrict rather than fulfill its purpose and
    defeat the intention of its authors. That intention is usually found not in "the letter that killeth but in the spirit that
    vivifieth," which is not really that evanescent or elusive. As judges, we must look beyond and not be bound by the
    language of the law, seeking to discover, by our own lights, the reason and the rhyme for its enactment. That we
    may properly apply it according to its ends, we need and must use not only learning but also vision.

    The trial judge is directed to investigate the lawyer who assisted Mario Abong in securing bail from the city court of
    Cebu on the basis of the withdrawn information for homicide and to report to us the result of his investigation within
    sixty days.

    WHEREFORE, the order of the trial court dated December 22, 1983, denying the motion for the trial in absentia of
    the accused is set aside. The respondent judge is directed to continue hearing the case against the respondent
    Mario Abong in absentia as long as he has not reappeared, until it is terminated. No costs.

    SO ORDERED.

    Yap (Chairman), Narvasa, Melencio-Herrera and Paras, JJ., concur.

    Footnotes

    1 Rollo, pp. 5-6.

    2 Ibid., P. 6.

    3 Ibid.

    4 Ibid.

    5 Ibid., pp. 6-7; 1973 Constitution, Art. IV, Sec. 19.

    6 Ibid., pp. 30-31.

    7 Ibid., p. 66.

    8 32 O. G. 713.

    9 Aquino v. Mil. Commission No. 2,63 SCRA 546; People v. The Presiding Judge, 125 SCRA 269.

    10 77 SCRA 422.

    The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation

    https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1986/jul1986/gr_66469_1986.html 2/2

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