CSOCE - TEST I Fundamentals of Criminology
CSOCE - TEST I Fundamentals of Criminology
CSOCE - TEST I Fundamentals of Criminology
FUNDAMENTALS OF CRIMINOLOGY
DIRECTIONS: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only the
answer for each item by shading the box corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer
sheet provided. STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED.
7. Another classification of criminals by Lombroso who commit crime due to less physical
stamina/self-control.
a. Insane Criminals c. Pseudo-criminals
b. Criminaloids d. Atavism
8. Means the “throwback of apes”
a. Insane Criminals c. Pseudo-criminals
b. Criminaloids d. Atavism
9. Circumstances which when present in the commission of the crime will either increase or
reduce the penalty imposed to the perpetrator.
a. Alternative Circumstances c. Mitigating Circumstances
b. Exempting Circumstances d. Aggravating Circumstances
10. “An Essay of Crime and Punishments” is a book centered on advocacy and application of
the doctrine of penology. It discusses the making of punishment less arbitrary and severe
and thus all persons who violated a specific law must be sentenced to an identical
punishment regardless of age, sanity, wealth, position or circumstance. Which of the
following authored the book?
a. Cesare Beccaria c. W.A. Bonger
b. George Wilker d. Rafaele Garofalo
11. Type of criminals according to Garofalo who are satisfied from vengeance or revenge.
a. Murderers c. Deficient Criminals
b. Violent Criminals d. Lascivious Criminals
12. Another type of criminals according to Garofalo who commit crimes against property.
a. Murderers c. Deficient Criminals
b. Violent Criminals d. Lascivious Criminals
13. Normlessness produced by rapidly shifting moral values, occurs when personal goals
cannot be achieved using available means.
a. Anomie c. Hedonism
b. Freewil d. None of the Above
16. The original system of the personality that is present at birth. It consists of blind,
unreasoning, instinctual desires and motives. It represents the individual’s basic
biological and psychological drives. These include the libido, a term Freud used to
describe the full range of sexual energy found in animals. It is fueled by “pleasure
principle”.
a. Id c. Ego
b. Super Id d. Superego
18. The problem solving dimension of the personality. It separates fantasy from reality.
a. Id c. Ego
b. Super Id d. Superego
19. The part of personality that develops from the ego and represents the moral code of the
person has acquired. It is responsible for feelings of guilt and shame and is what is called
the “conscience”.
a. Id c. Differential Association Theory
b. Super Id d. Superego
20. This theory maintains that crime is a function of social change that comes along with the
environmental change. It also maintains that isolation, segregation, competition, conflict,
social contract, interaction and social hierarchy of people are the major influences of
criminal behavior and crimes.
a. Somatotyping Theory c. Differential Association Theory
b. Human Ecology Theory d. Strain Theory
26. An athletic type of physique in which muscles, bones and connective tissues are built up
predominantly. A person who has this kind of physique is usually aggressive most likely
to commit crimes.
a. Endomorph c. Ectomorph
b. Mesomorph d. Morphy
27. A type of physique that is described with flat chest, slender and poorly muscled. A person
who has this kind of physique is more likely withdrawn and susceptible to fatigue.
a. Endomorph c. Ectomorph
b. Mesomorph d. Morphy
28. A type of physique with relatively predominance of soft roundness throughout the
regions of the body. A person with this kid of physique has low specific gravity.
a. Endomorph c. Ectomorph
b. Mesomorph d. Morphy
29. Circumstances which when present in the commission of the crime will either increase or
reduce the penalty imposed to the perpetrator.
a. Alternative Circumstances c. Mitigating Circumstances
b. Exempting Circumstances d. Aggravating Circumstances
36. This theory states that man is essentially moral creature with absolute freewill to choose
between good and evil. Therefore, stress is placed upon the criminal himself; that every
man is responsible for his act.
a. Demonological Theory c. Utilitarian Hedonism Theory
b. Classical Theory d. Neo-classical Theory
38. The father of modern criminology. The world famous authority in the field of
Criminology who advocated the Positivist Theory.
a. Charles Goring c. Cesare Lombroso
b. Enrico Ferri d. Rafaele Garofalo
40. This theory asserts that criminal behavior is learned primarily within interpersonal groups
and people become delinquent if definitions they have learned favorable to violating the
law exceeds definitions favorable to obeying the law within the group and that criminal
behavior s learned and not inherited. This theory was introduced by Edwin Sutherland.
a. Somatotyping Theory c. Differential Association Theory
b. Labeling Theory d. Strain Theory
41. This theory contends that certain classes are denied legitimate access to culturally
determined goals and opportunities and the resulting frustration results in illegitimate
activities or rejection of the society’s goal.
a. Lifestyle Theory c. Labeling Theory
b. Strain Theory d. Routine Activities Theory
42. A victimization theory which posits that some people are victims of crime because they
have certain behavior patterns and lifestyles that increase the likelihood that they will
become victims of crime.
a. Lifestyle Theory c. Self-control Theory
b. Strain Theory d. Routine Activities Theory
44. This theory explains that the labels applied to individuals influence their behaviour,
particularly the application of negative or stigmatizing labels that promote deviant
behaviour thus becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy.
a. Labeling Theory c. Self-Control Theory
b. Conflict Theory d. Routine Activities Theory
47. According to this theory, punishment is imposed to some law breakers but not to others
by recognition of exempting and justifying circumstances.
a. Demonological Theory c. Positivist/Italian Theory
b. Classical Theory d. Neo-classical Theory
48. This theory argues that it is the absence of self-control rather than the presence of some
force or factor such as poverty, anomie, opportunities for deviance, delinquent peers,
exposure to definitions favourable to deviance, etc. that leads to deviance.
a. Labeling Theory c. Self-Control Theory
b. Conflict Theory d. Routine Activities Theory
49. This theory rejects the notions that deviance is learned, that deviance may be
economically motivated, or that deviance can result from effort to achieve social status.
In short, it suggests that deviance simply results from the individual’s inability to
effectively control his/her impulses.
a. Labeling Theory c. Self-Control Theory
b. Conflict Theory d. Routine Activities Theory
50. One who advocated the Classical Theory.
a. Cesare Beccaria c. Cesare Lombroso
b. Jeremy Bentham d. Rafaele Garofalo
51. There are crimes committed with intent; the offender is in full possession of his mental
faculties/capabilities.
a. Rational Crimes c. Irrational Crimes
b. White Collar Crimes d. Blue Collar Crimes
52. Circumstances which when present in the commission of the crime will exempt the
perpetrator from criminal and civil liability.
a. Justifying Circumstances c. Mitigating Circumstances
b. Exempting Circumstances d. Aggravating Circumstances
53. This theory views that crime is a normal function of the routine activities of modern
living; offenses can be expected if there is a motivated offender and suitable target that is
not protected by capable guardians.
a. Labeling Theory c. Self-Control Theory
b. Conflict Theory d. Routine Activities Theory
54. This theory posits that delinquency is learned through close relationships with others; it
asserts that children are born “good” and learn to be “bad” from others.
a. Learning Theory c. Control Theory
b. Labeling Theory d. Routine Activities Theory
55. A branch of the study of criminology which deals with the study of an individual who
somehow, one way or the other, has contributed to the commission of a crime and at the
same time a crime victim of his own volition.
a. Criminology c. Penology
b. Victimology d. Sociology
56. Article ___________ of the Revised Penal Code states that every person criminally liable
for a felony is also civilly liable.
a. 100 c. 113
b. 110 d. 120
57. Compensation awarded to a person’s physical suffering, mental anguish, fright, serious
anxiety, tarnished reputation, wounded feelings, moral shock, social humiliation and
similar injury.
a. Moral Damages c. Nominal Damages
b. Actual or Compensatory Damages d. Temperate or Moderate Damages
58. The amount awarded to a person in order that his right, which had been violated or
invaded, may be medicated or recognized.
a. Moral Damages c. Nominal Damages
b. Actual or Compensatory Damages d. Temperate or Moderate Damages
59. Compensation which is more than nominal but less than compensatory damages, awarded
to a person when the court finds that he has suffered some pecuniary loss, but its amount
cannot, from the nature of the case, be proved with certainty.
a. Moral Damages c. Nominal Damages
b. Actual or Compensatory Damages d. Temperate or Moderate Damages
60. Compensation awarded to a person for such financial loss suffered by him as he has duly
proved.
a. Moral Damages c. Nominal Damages
b. Actual or Compensatory Damages d. Temperate or Moderate Damages
61. This are those imposed by way of example or correction for the public good, in addition
to the moral, temperate, liquidated or compensatory damages.
a. Moral Damages c. Nominal Damages
b. Liquidated Damages d. Exemplary or Corrective Damages
62. This is agreed upon by the parties to a contract, to be pain in case of breach thereof,
a. Moral Damages c. Nominal Damages
b. Liquidated Damages d. Exemplary or Corrective Damages
64. A clash between societies because of contrary beliefs or substantial variance in their
respective customs, language, institutions, habits, learning, tradition, etc.
a. Tribal War c. Cultural Conflict
b. Tribal Conflict d. Belief Conflict
65. The scientific analysis of the conditions under which penal/criminal laws is developed as
a process of a formal social control.
a. Sociology of Law c. Penology
b. Criminal Etiology d. Criminology
66. A survey in 1901 indicated that _________ and ___________ were among the first
courses in the United States Colleges and Universities.
a. Criminology and Penology c. Sociology and Penology
b. Criminology and Sociology d. Sociology and Psychology
67. Concerned with the control and prevention of crime and the treatment of youthful
offenders.
a. Sociology of Law c. Penology
b. Criminal Etiology d. Criminology
68. Called “cradle of human personality”, for in it, the child forms fundamental attitudes and
habits that endure throughout his life.
a. Home c. Church
b. School d. Community
69. Circumstances which when present in the commission of the crime will increase the
penalty imposed to the perpetrator.
a. Alternative Circumstances c. Mitigating Circumstances
b. Exempting Circumstances d. Aggravating Circumstances
70. Cesare Lombroso, together with his students _______ and _________ advocated the
Positive/Italian School of Criminology.
a. Cesare Beccaria; Jeremy Bentham c. W.A. Bonger; R.H. Goddard
b. Edwin Sutherland; Donal Cressey d. Enrico Ferri; Rafaele Garofalo
71. A mentally deficient person having mental age of about 3-7 years.
a. Idiot c. Imbecile
b. Moron d. Insane
72. A mentally deficient person having mental age of two years or less.
a. Idiot c. Imbecile
b. Moron d. Insane
73. Areas or places in which dwellings or housing conditions are dilapidated, unsanitary,
unhealthy, which are therefore, detrimental to the morale, health and the safety of the
populace.
a. Home c. Broken Home
b. Bad neighborhood d. Government
74. Suggests legal separation between parents, or natural separation, that is, either due to
death of the other or just physical absence due to nature of the work of the other parent,
including lack of interest on the part of the present parent in the welfare of the children.
a. Home c. Broken Home
b. Bad neighborhood d. Government
75. One classification of delinquents which is characterized by being occasional law breaker.
a. Emotionally Maladjusted Delinquents c. Environmental Delinquents
b. Psychiatrist Delinquents d. Juvenile Delinquents
76. Another classification of delinquents who are considered as habitual law breakers, and
cannot avoid or stop from doing it.
a. Emotionally Maladjusted Delinquents c. Environmental Delinquents
b. Psychiatrist Delinquents d. Juvenile Delinquents
77. His greatest contribution was his attack on the classical doctrine of free will, he published
in 1878 his book “The Theory of Imputable and Denial of the Free Will.”
a. Cesare Beccaria c. Enrico Ferri
b. Jeremy Bentham d.Rafaele Garofalo
78. Circumstances which when present in the commission of the crime will reduce the
penalty imposed to the perpetrator.
a. Justifying Circumstances c. Mitigating Circumstances
b. Exempting Circumstances d. Aggravating Circumstances
79. Refers to a child who becomes delinquent due to mental illness due to mental illness
coupled with serious emotional disturbance in the family.
a. Emotionally Maladjusted Delinquents c. Environmental Delinquents
b. Psychiatrist Delinquents d. Juvenile Delinquents
80. That branch of the administration of criminal justice changed with the responsibility for
the custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of the convicted offender.
a. Penology c. Jail
b. Corrections d. Prison
81. The redress that the state takes against an offending member of the society that usually
involves pain and suffering.
a. Punishment c. Retribution
b. Penalty d. Deterrence
82. This theory maintains that criminal behaviour was believed to be the result of evil spirits
and demons; some natural forces control his/her behaviour.
a. Demonological Theory c. Evil Theory
b. Freewill Theory d. Classical Theory
83. The suffering inflicted by the state against an offending member for the transgression of
law.
a. Punishment c. Retribution
b. Penalty d. Deterrence
84. Refers to a place of confinement for inmates under investigation, awaiting or undergoing
trial, or serving sentence; houses those sentenced to imprisonment of 3 years and below.
a. Penology c. Jail
b. Corrections d. Prison
85. It is the science devoted to the study of mankind and its development in relation to its
physical, mental and cultural history.
a. autobiography c. sociology
b. biometry d. anthropology
87. It is a procedure by which prisoners are selected for release on the basis of individual
response and progress within the correctional institution. Thus, they are provided with
necessary control and guidance as they render service free community to complement the
remainder of their sentences.
a. Absolute Pardon c. Parole
b. Conditional Pardon d. Pardon
88. An Italian authority in criminology, who developed a concept of the natural crime and
defined it as a violation of the prevalent sentiments of piety and probity.
a. R.H. Goddard c. David Maurer
b. W.A. Bonger d. Rafaele Garofalo
89. An institution for the imprisonment of persons convicted of major/serious crimes; houses
those sentenced to imprisonment of more than 3 years.
a. Penology c. Jail
b. Corrections d. Prison
91. A general pardon granted to groups of law violators, usually those who committed
political crimes, with the concurrence of the law making body.
a. Reprieve c. Amnesty
b. Commutation d. Parole
92. Is an act of executive clemency by head of the state for purposes of exempting an
individual from the punishment imposed upon him by a court of law?
a. Absolute Pardon c. Parole
b. Conditional Pardon d. Pardon
93. Circumstances by which when present in the commission of the cime will exempt the
perpetrator from criminal liability.
a. Justifying Circumstances c. Mitigating Circumstances
b. Exempting Circumstances d. Aggravating Circumstances
95. A pardon granted by the Chief Executive without conditions of any kind. This serves to
wipe away the guilt of a person and makes him innocent as if he has not committed any
crime.
a. Absolute Pardon c. Parole
b. Conditional Pardon d. Pardon
96. This theory argues that classical theory must be modified in certain details. Since children
and lunatics cannot calculate pleasure and pain, they must not be regarded as criminals
nor be punished.
a. Demonological Theory c. Utilitarian Hedonism Theory
b. Classical Theory d. Neo-classical Theory
98. A pardon granted by the Chief Executive subject to the conditions imposed on the
recipient and accepted by him. Usually, the person granted with this kind of pardon has
served a portion of his sentence in prisons.
a. Absolute Pardon c. Parole
b. Conditional Pardon d. Pardon