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Homework: Chemistry 09-107: Honors Chemistry B Carnegie Mellon University

This document contains the instructions for Homework 8 assigned in Chemistry 09-107 Honors Chemistry B at Carnegie Mellon University. It includes 4 questions related to kinetics experiments analyzing the reaction of dyes with bleach. Students are asked to complete an online tutorial on kinetics, analyze kinetics data from dye reaction experiments using spreadsheets, determine rate laws from proposed mechanisms, and consider how chlorine atoms catalyze the depletion of ozone in the stratosphere.

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Ananya
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43 views5 pages

Homework: Chemistry 09-107: Honors Chemistry B Carnegie Mellon University

This document contains the instructions for Homework 8 assigned in Chemistry 09-107 Honors Chemistry B at Carnegie Mellon University. It includes 4 questions related to kinetics experiments analyzing the reaction of dyes with bleach. Students are asked to complete an online tutorial on kinetics, analyze kinetics data from dye reaction experiments using spreadsheets, determine rate laws from proposed mechanisms, and consider how chlorine atoms catalyze the depletion of ozone in the stratosphere.

Uploaded by

Ananya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
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Chemistry​ ​09-107:​ ​Honors​ ​Chemistry​ ​B Carnegie​ ​Mellon​ ​University

Homework​ ​8

Name​:​ ​__________________________________________​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​Andrew​ ​ID:​​ ​__________________________

Note:​ ​You​ ​are​ ​strongly​ ​encouraged​ ​to​ ​use​ ​a​ ​spreadsheet​ ​program​ ​(excel),​ ​or​ ​other​ ​mathematical​ ​program​ ​(matlab,​ ​Mathcad,
mathematica,​ ​R​ ​etc.)​ ​to​ ​complete​ ​question​ ​2​ ​of​ ​this​ ​assignment.​ ​Canvas​ ​has​ ​links​ ​to​ ​a​ ​video​ ​introducing​ ​excel,​ ​along​ ​with​ ​excel
spread​ ​sheets​ ​that​ ​contain​ ​the​ ​data​ ​for​ ​question​ ​2.
1)​​ ​(3​ ​pts)​ ​Please​ ​complete​ ​the​ ​online​ ​tutorial​ ​posted​ ​on​ ​Canvas​ ​and​ ​answer​ ​the​ ​following​ ​questions:
Step-1
a)​​ ​Attach​ ​the​ ​printout​ ​of​ ​your​ ​kinetic​ ​trace​ ​and​ ​fill​ ​in​ ​the​ ​following​ ​data​ ​table:

Volume​ ​of​ ​dye​ ​solution


Concentration​ ​of​ ​bleach​ ​solution
Volume​ ​of​ ​bleach​ ​solution

b)​​ ​What​ ​are​ ​the​ ​initial​ ​concentrations​ ​of​ ​[Dye]​ ​and​ ​[Bleach]​ ​for​ ​your​ ​experiment?

Step-2
c)​​ ​What​ ​is​ ​the​ ​value​ ​of​ ​the​ ​pseudo​ ​rate​ ​constant​ ​for​ ​your​ ​experiment?

Step-3
​ ​d)​​ ​Design​ ​an​ ​experiment​ ​to​ ​determine​ ​the​ ​order​ ​of​ ​the​ ​reaction​ ​with​ ​respect​ ​to​ ​[bleach].​ ​Attach​ ​a​ ​printout​ ​of​ ​your​ ​kinetic
trace​ ​from​ ​your​ ​experiment.​ ​Give​ ​the​ ​order​ ​with​ ​respect​ ​to​ ​[bleach]​ ​and​ ​explain​ ​how​ ​you​ ​determined​ ​this​ ​from​ ​the
experiment.

Page​ ​1​ ​of​ ​5


Chemistry​ ​09-107:​ ​Honors​ ​Chemistry​ ​B Carnegie​ ​Mellon​ ​University
​ ​Step-4
e)​ ​Calculate​ ​the​ ​rate​ ​constant​ ​(k)​ ​for​ ​the​ ​reaction​ ​of​ ​Yellow​ ​6​ ​with​ ​bleach​ ​to​ ​2​ ​significant​ ​figures,​ ​assuming​ ​the​ ​concentration
of​ ​[dye]​ ​and​ ​[bleach]​ ​are​ ​in​ ​M.​ ​ ​Write​ ​the​ ​rate​ ​law​ ​for​ ​the​ ​reaction​ ​(including​ ​both​ ​the​ ​numerical​ ​value​ ​of​ ​k,​ ​and​ ​the​ ​order
of​ ​the​ ​reaction​ ​with​ ​respect​ ​to​ ​[dye]​ ​and​ ​[bleach]).

f)​​ ​ ​What​ ​is​ ​the​ ​proportionality​ ​constant,​ ​ε​ ​l,​ ​in​ ​Beer’s​ ​law,​ ​abs​ ​ ​=​ ​ ​ε​ ​l​ ​[dye]?​ ​Include​ ​units​ ​in​ ​your​ ​answer.​ ​(Abs​ ​is​ ​unitless​ ​and
[dye]​ ​is​ ​in​ ​mol/L​ ​or​ ​M.)

2)​​ ​(4​ ​pts​ ​total)​ ​The​ ​following​ ​shows​ ​results​ ​from​ ​experiments​ ​similar​ ​to​ ​those​ ​of​ ​the​ ​online​ ​tutorial,​ ​but​ ​with​ ​different​ ​dyes​ ​and​ ​bleach.
The​ ​reaction​ ​has​ ​1:1​ ​stoichiometry.
dye​ ​+​ ​bleach​ ​ ​→​ ​colorless​ ​products

The​ ​stock​ ​solutions​ ​have​ ​the​ ​following​ ​concentrations


​ ​ ​ ​ ​Blue​ ​dye:​ ​ ​4.50​ ​x​ ​10​-5​​ ​M​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​Red​ ​dye:​ ​1.30​ ​x​ ​10​-5​​ ​M​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​Bleach:​ ​0.200​ ​M
The​ ​absorbance​ ​was​ ​measured​ ​at​ ​various​ ​dye​ ​concentrations​ ​and​ ​the​ ​results​ ​are​ ​summarized​ ​below.​ ​(Note:​ ​ ​This​ ​data​ ​also​ ​available​ ​in
the​ ​file:​ ​dyeData.xls​ ​on​ ​the​ ​Blackboard​ ​site.)

Experiments​ ​were​ ​then​ ​performed​ ​by​ ​mixing​ ​the​ ​following​ ​volumes​ ​of​ ​dye​ ​and​ ​bleach​ ​solutions​ ​and​ ​monitoring​ ​absorbance​ ​versus
time.

Experiment​ ​1:​ ​ ​ ​blue​ ​dye:​ ​9.50​ ​mL ​ ​ ​bleach:​ ​0.500​ ​mL


Experiment​ ​2:​ ​ ​ ​blue​ ​dye:​ ​9.00​ ​mL ​ ​ ​bleach:​ ​1.00​ ​mL
Experiment​ ​3:​ ​ ​ ​red​ ​dye:​ ​9.50​ ​mL ​ ​ ​bleach:​ ​0.500​ ​mL
Experiment​ ​4:​ ​ ​ ​red​ ​dye:​ ​9.00​ ​mL ​ ​ ​bleach:​ ​1.00​ ​mL

The​ ​results​ ​of​ ​the​ ​experiments​ ​are​ ​available​ ​in​ ​the​ ​dyeData.xls​ ​excel​ ​file
accompanying​ ​this​ ​homework,​ ​and​ ​are​ ​plotted​ ​to​ ​the​ ​right.

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Chemistry​ ​09-107:​ ​Honors​ ​Chemistry​ ​B Carnegie​ ​Mellon​ ​University
a)​​ ​(2​ ​pts)​ ​Determine​ ​the​ ​rate​ ​law​ ​of​ ​the​ ​reaction​ ​(including​ ​the​ ​rate​ ​constant,​ ​and​ ​order​ ​with​ ​respect​ ​to​ ​[dye]​ ​and​ ​[bleach]):

blue​ ​dye​ ​+​ ​bleach​ ​→​ ​colorless​ ​products

Please​ ​describe​ ​your​ ​approach,​ ​including​ ​any​ ​calculations​ ​or​ ​plots​ ​used​ ​for​ ​the​ ​analysis.

b)​​ ​(2​ ​pts)​ ​Determine​ ​the​ ​rate​ ​law​ ​of​ ​the​ ​reaction​ ​(including​ ​the​ ​rate​ ​constant,​ ​and​ ​order​ ​with​ ​respect​ ​to​ ​[dye]​ ​and​ ​[bleach]):

red​ ​dye​ ​+​ ​bleach​ ​→​ ​ ​colorless​ ​products

Please​ ​describe​ ​your​ ​approach,​ ​including​ ​any​ ​calculations​ ​or​ ​plots​ ​used​ ​for​ ​the​ ​analysis.

Page​ ​3​ ​of​ ​5


Chemistry​ ​09-107:​ ​Honors​ ​Chemistry​ ​B Carnegie​ ​Mellon​ ​University
3)​ ​(3​ ​pts)​ ​One​ ​overall​ ​reaction​ ​through​ ​which​ ​O​3​​ ​is​ ​depleted​ ​in​ ​the​ ​stratosphere​ ​is:
O​3​ ​(g)​​ ​+​ ​O​(g)​​ ​→​ ​2O​2(g)
We​ ​will​ ​consider​ ​this​ ​reaction​ ​in​ ​that​ ​absence​ ​(uncatalyzed)​ ​and​ ​presence​ ​(catalyzed)​ ​of​ ​Cl​ ​atom.
Mechanism​ ​of​ ​the​ ​uncatalyzed​ ​reaction
The​ ​experimentally​ ​observed​ ​rate​ ​law​ ​is:​ ​ ​ ​ ​rate​ ​=​ ​k​ ​[O​3​][O].
i​. For​ ​each​ ​of​ ​the​ ​following​ ​mechanisms,​ ​derive​ ​the​ ​rate​ ​law,​ ​and​ ​state​ ​where​ ​it​ ​agrees​ ​with​ ​the​ ​experimentally​ ​observed,
phenomenological,​ ​rate​ ​law​ ​given​ ​above.
(a) (¼​ ​ ​pt) O​3​ ​(g)​​ ​+​ ​O​(g)​​ ​→​ ​2O​2(g)​​ ​ ​ ​(single​ ​step​ ​mechanism)

Rate​ ​law:​ ​___________________________________________​ ​ ​ ​Agrees​ ​with​ ​experimentally​ ​observed​ ​rate:​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​yes​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​no​ ​ ​ ​ ​(circle​ ​one)
(b)​ ​(¼​ ​ ​pt) O​3​ ​(g)​​ ​+​ ​O​(g)​​ ​→​ ​O​4(g) (slow)
O​4(g)​​ ​→​ ​2O​2(g) (fast)

Rate​ ​law:​ ​___________________________________________​ ​ ​ ​Agrees​ ​with​ ​experimentally​ ​observed​ ​rate:​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​yes​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​no​ ​ ​ ​ ​(circle​ ​one)
​ ​(c)​ ​(½​ ​pt) O​3​ ​(g)​​ ​+​ ​O​(g)​​ ​↔​ ​O​4(g) (fast,​ ​reversible)
O​4(g)​​ ​→​ ​2O​2(g) (slow)

Rate​ ​law:​ ​___________________________________________​ ​ ​ ​Agrees​ ​with​ ​experimentally​ ​observed​ ​rate:​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​yes​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​no​ ​ ​ ​ ​(circle​ ​one)
​ ​(d)​ ​(1​ ​ ​pts) O​3​ ​(g)​​ ​+​ ​O​(g)​​ ​↔​ ​O​4(g) (fast,​ ​reversible)
O​4(g)​​ ​→​ ​2O​2(g) (fast)

Rate​ ​law:​ ​___________________________________________​ ​ ​ ​Agrees​ ​with​ ​experimentally​ ​observed​ ​rate:​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​yes​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​no​ ​ ​ ​ ​(circle​ ​one)

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Chemistry​ ​09-107:​ ​Honors​ ​Chemistry​ ​B Carnegie​ ​Mellon​ ​University
Mechanism​ ​of​ ​the​ ​catalyzed​ ​reaction
The​ ​experimentally​ ​observed​ ​rate​ ​law,​ ​in​ ​the​ ​presence​ ​of​ ​Cl​ ​atoms,​ ​ ​is​ ​rate=k​ ​ ​[Cl][O]
ii. Consider​ ​the​ ​following​ ​proposed​ ​mechanism​ ​for​ ​the​ ​catalyzed​ ​reaction:
a)​ ​(½​ ​ ​ ​pt)​ ​O​3​ ​(g)​​ ​+​ ​Cl​(g)​​ ​→​ ​ClO​(g)​​ ​+​ ​O​2(g) (slow)
ClO​(g)​​ ​+​ ​O​(g)​​ ​→​ ​Cl​(g)​​ ​+​ ​O​2(g) (fast)

Rate​ ​law:​ ​___________________________________________​ ​ ​ ​Agrees​ ​with​ ​experimentally​ ​observed​ ​rate:​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​yes​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​no​ ​ ​ ​ ​(circle​ ​one)
b)​ ​(½​ ​pts)​ ​ ​O​3​ ​(g)​​ ​+​ ​Cl​(g)​​ ​↔​ ​ClO​(g)​​ ​+​ ​O​2(g) (fast,​ ​reversible)

​​​​​ClO​(g)​​ ​+​ ​O​(g)​​ ​→​ ​Cl​(g)​​ ​+​ ​O​2(g) (slow)

Rate​ ​law:​ ​___________________________________________​ ​ ​ ​Agrees​ ​with​ ​experimentally​ ​observed​ ​rate:​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​yes​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​no​ ​ ​ ​ ​(circle​ ​one)

Page​ ​5​ ​of​ ​5

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