MSExcel 2007 and Statistics Tutorial (v. 5.

0)
This workbook is designed to provide you a working model of how to perform statistics with
YOU MUST SAVE THIS TUTORIAL TO YOUR COMPUTER, THEN OPEN IT FROM YO
Please Maximize this Window to Full Screen size!
Table of Contents
Name A place to type your name
Install Directions for installing statistical analysis add-in
T1 Description of descriptive statistics
Rev Review of how to calculate means and standard deviations
T2 Description of inferential statistics
Hypo Explanation of Statistical Hypothesis Testing
Rej Explanation of Statistical Hypothesis Testing (cont'd)
Perf Instructions on how to perform Student's t-test
Tail Instructions on how to choose one-tail or two-tail t-test
Diff Instruction on how to determine significant difference
Report How to report results of Student's t-test in a lab report
Turn1 A practice problem.
Turn2 Another practice problem
Write How to write the results section of a lab report
Answers The answer sheet that you will print and turn in to your TA.
Please Note: If you are asked to click in a specific field (ie, "click in the YELLOW field"), please do a
clicked in another field, the tutorial will not work correctly!
YOU WILL BE REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THIS TUTORIAL AND PRINT AND TURN IN THE A

v 1.0 by C. L. Rogers (Department of Biology, Wake Forest University)

v 2.0 by C. L. Rogers (Department of Biology, Wake Forest University)
format change, addition of text and spreadsheets (3/15/03)
v 2.5 by C. L. Rogers (Department of Biology, Wake Forest University)
unprotect sheets, typo corrections (5/21/03)
v 3.0 by C. L. Rogers (Department of Biology, Wake Forest University)
added hypothesis testing, corrected analysis procedure directions (5/27/03)
v 3.1 by C. L. Rogers (Department of Biology, Wake Forest University)
added instructions on one-tail and two-tail t-tests (8/6/03)
v 4.0 by C.L. Rogers-Lowery (Dept. Biol, Catawba College)
Updated for Catawba College Students (12/29/06)
 v 5.0 by C.L. Rogers-Lowery (Dept. Biol, Catawba College)
Updated for MSExcel 2007 (08/22/08)

Send comments, questions, suggestions to [email protected]

orial (v. 5.0)
to perform statistics with MSExcel.
EN OPEN IT FROM YOUR COMPUTER!
Screen size!

ndard deviations

ng (cont'd)

wo-tail t-test
difference
a lab report

rn in to your TA.
LLOW field"), please do as instructed. If you
work correctly!
NT AND TURN IN THE ANSWER SHEET
 What's Your Name?

?QUESTION?

Throughout this tutorial you will be asked questions to answer.

After you have finished this tutorial, all of your answers will be
transferred to the last page, the ANSWER SHEET. To write the
answer to the question, first click on the DARK GREEN field
beside the word "Answer:" then type your answer. Keep it
short! Press the "Tab" button once after answering.

Your first question is "What's your name?" Type your first and
last name in the DARK GREEN field beside the word
"Answer:" below.

Answer: Parastou Ranjbar

e?

uestions to answer.
ur answers will be
SHEET. To write the
RK GREEN field
nswer. Keep it

Type your first and

 Install the Statistics Add-In (MSExcel 2007)

Following these instruction to install the statistical package on MSExcel 2007

1. Click the Microsoft Office Icon in the upper left-hand corner.

2. Select "Excel Options" near the bottom of the pop-up menu.

3. Click on "Add-Ins" on the side menu of the Excel Options

Window.

4. Near the bottom of the Add-In window, click on "Go." Make sure
Excel Add-Ins is showing in the Manage drop-down menu.
5. Select both Analysis ToolPak and Analysis TookPak VBA in the
Add-Ins window and then click "OK."

6. After completing the above steps, click "Data" on the upper tool
ribbon and make sure you have Data Analysis box on the toolbar.

Congratulate yourself! You've installed the Statistics Add-In and are now ready to comp
MSExcel 2007)

tical package on MSExcel 2007

In and are now ready to complete this tutorial.
 Types of Statistics Used in Biology (Part 1)
Statistics are used to make description about a set of numbers or data. There are two main
we will use in BIOL Labs:
1. Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive statistics are used to describe a single set of numbers or data. These statistics give
that you can use to describe a set of numbers or compare a set of numbers WITHOUT listing ev
The 2 main descriptive statistics we will use in this lab are…

a. Mean - the arithmetic average of a set of numbers.

b. Standard deviation - describes how spread out your numbers are around the mean on a num
if you subtract 2X standard deviation from the mean AND add 2X standar
mean, 95% of your data points will fall between those numbers. For exam
and the standard deviation is 5.1, 95% of all data points will be fall betwe
[2X5.1=10.2; 64.1-10.2=53.9; 64.1+10.2=74.3]
?QUESTION? ?QUESTION?

What is the function terms used to calculate If the mean is 100 and the standard dev
mean and standard deviation in MSExcel? between what two numbers will you find
all data points?
Answer: AVERAGE and STDEVA
Answer: 80 and 120
ology (Part 1)
r data. There are two main types of statistics
bs:

or data. These statistics give you information

numbers WITHOUT listing every single data point.

e around the mean on a number line. In essence,

he mean AND add 2X standard deviation to the
een those numbers. For example, if the mean is 64.1
data points will be fall between 53.9 and 74.3.

?QUESTION?

is 100 and the standard deviation is 10,

hat two numbers will you find 95% of

80 and 120
 Review of Calculating Means and Standard Deviations in MSE
Please note: If you do not remember how to calculate means and standard deviations in MSEx
review the tutorial entitled "MSExcel Calculations and Routine Functions Tutorial."
Instructions:

Total Length (cm)Length 1st internode (cm)Root:Shoot Calculate the mean and
16.1 9.5 0.384 each column of data in th
15.2 11.2 0.369
Control 14.9 10.5 0.359 ?QUES
15.6 9.8 0.427
16.7 10.2 0.409 When writing a lab repor
Mean 15.7 10.24 0.3896 and standard deviation in
SD 0.71763500472 0.658027355054484 0.0281389 MEAN+/-SD UNITS. For
is 5.4 and standard devia
21.8 11.3 0.523 units are grams, you rep
25.7 9.6 0.489 "5.4+/-0.2 grams."
Auxin 20.5 9.8 0.589
23.2 10.5 0.455 How would you report th
22.4 12.4 0.429 total length of the control
Mean 22.72 10.72 0.497
SD 1.93571692145 1.15195486022674 0.062434 Answer:

How about for length of 1

Answer:
Deviations in MSExcel
dard deviations in MSExcel, please
ine Functions Tutorial."
Instructions:

Calculate the mean and standard deviation for

each column of data in the charts to the right.

?QUESTION?

When writing a lab report, you report the mean

and standard deviation in the results section as
MEAN+/-SD UNITS. For example, if the mean
is 5.4 and standard deviation is 0.2 and the
units are grams, you report this information as
"5.4+/-0.2 grams."

How would you report the mean and SD for

total length of the control in the results section?

15.7±0.72 cm

How about for length of 1st internode for auxin?

10.72±1.15 cm
 Types of Statistics Used in Biology (Part 2)

2. Inferential Statistics

Inferential statistics are used to compare 2 or more sets of numbers or data. Two sets of numbe
due to random chance or can be actually different (for example, due to the effects of a chemical
Inferential statistics are used to determine whether or not 2 sets of numbers are different only du
actually different (=SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT). There are a number of inferential statistical
various purposes. For this lab, we will use Student's t-test, which is used to compare 2 (and onl

?QUESTION? ?QUESTION?

In terms of the effects caused by the experimental Re-read the description of inferential
treatment, what does it mean when the experimental it mean when two sets of numbers (d
group is significantly different from the control? significantly different?

Answer: This means that the two sets of numbers are "a Answer: If the two sets of numbers
ology (Part 2)

r data. Two sets of numbers can be different

o the effects of a chemical or a change in temperature).
mbers are different only due to random chance OR
ber of inferential statistical tests that can be used for
sed to compare 2 (and only 2) sets of data.

?QUESTION?

e description of inferential statistics. What does

en two sets of numbers (data) are NOT
y different?

If the two sets of numbers are not significantly different, the differences are due only to random chance.
andom chance.
 Statistical Hypothesis Testing
When you perform inferential statistics (like the Student's t-test), you are calculating the probability that two sets
different due to random chance OR different due to real differences (for example, due to an effect caused by an ex
When two sets of data are statistically determined to be different due to real differences, we refer to the two sets
different. Therefore, we can formulate two different hypotheses (or two different possible reasons) that two se
1) That the differences are due to random chance only.
2) That the two sets of data are really different due to the effects of an experimental manipulation
data are significantly different).
The first hypothesis, that differences are due to random chance only, is called the null hypothesis (Ho). The secon
of data are significantly different, is called the alternate hypothesis (Ha). It is important to be able to formulate
hypotheses; if you are unable to do so it may mean that your data (or experiment) is not suitable for analysis b

In this tutorial, we will use some data collected from an experiment testing the effects of the addition of auxin on s
growth; for example, total length of the plant. If we were to compare total length of control and auxin-treated plant
not they are significantly different, we could develop Ho and Ha hypotheses. Our Ho hypothesis would be that any
lengths of control and auxin plants was due to random chance, that auxin did not have a significant effect on total p
controls. Our Ha hypothesis would be that the total lengths of control and auxin plants are really different, that au
effect on the total length as compared to controls.

?QUESTION?
You are performing an experiment where you are testing the effects of auxin on plant growth. You measu
internode of control plants and plants treated with auxin. You wish to compare the sets of data using
The lengthsFormulate
of the firstainternode
Ho and Hofa hypothesis.
control plantsWrite
and your
plantshypotheses
treated within auxin
the spaces provided
will differ only
Ho: The auxin will not have a significant effect on the length of the first internode of the auxin
The first internode lengths of the control and compared to the
auxin plants arecontrol plants.
actually different. The auxin did
Ha:
on the first internode length when compared to controls.
Testing
ting the probability that two sets of numbers or data are
ue to an effect caused by an experimental manipulation).
ences, we refer to the two sets of data as be significantly
nt possible reasons) that two sets of data are different:

experimental manipulation (or that the sets of

null hypothesis (Ho). The second hypothesis, that the sets

mportant to be able to formulate distinctive Ho and Ha
nt) is not suitable for analysis by inferential statistics.

cts of the addition of auxin on several parameters of plant

f control and auxin-treated plants to determine whether or
Ho hypothesis would be that any differences between total
ave a significant effect on total plant length as compared to
lants are really different, that auxin did have a significant
d to controls.

on plant growth. You measure the lengths of the first

mpare the sets of data using the Student's t-test.
heses
ated within auxin
the spaces provided.
will differ only due to random chance.
e first internode of the auxin treated plants when
ol plants.
ually different. The auxin did have a significant effect
compared to controls.
 To Reject or Not to Reject, That is the Question…….
Inferential statistics, such as Student's t-test, involve complex calculations and formulas. It is possible to p
by hand; however, thanks to computers, you don't have to. We will use MSExcel to perform the Student
provide you a print-out of the results of the Student's t-test, which will include a number of numbers, man
need to concern yourself with. However, one very important number it will provide is the p-value (or p
probability and represents the probability that the Ho hypothesis is correct. In other words, p tells you t
differences observed between the two sets of data are due ONLY to random chance. So, if you have a p
chance that the differences observed are due to random chance only. Additionally, there is a 66% chan
data are really different. Likewise, if you have a p of 0.05, there is a 5% chance that the differences obs
95% chance that the differences are real.

So what does it mean for two sets of data to be SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT? A significant difference is
random chance (Ho) is so low that we are reasonably confident that the sets of data are really different (H
situations, a 5% chance that the observed differences are random is sufficiently low to allow us to be rea
the sets of data are really different. Therefore, a p of 0.05 OR LESS is considered significantl

When there is a less than 5% chance that the differences are random, we can reject the Ho hypothes
reasonably confident that the Ha hypothesis is supported by our data. However, when there is greater tha
differences are random, we cannot be sufficiently confident and we fail to reject the Ho hyp
?QUESTION?
For the following p-values, determine whether or not you can reject the Ho hypothesis and whether or no
be significantly different.
p=0.23 p=0.0001 p=0.056
Reject Ho? Yes No Yes
Significantly different? No Yes No
 Question…….
mulas. It is possible to perform the calculations
l to perform the Student's t-test. MSExcel will
umber of numbers, many of which you will not
ovide is the p-value (or p). The p stands for
ther words, p tells you the probability that any
nce. So, if you have a p of 0.34, there is a 34%
lly, there is a 66% chance that the two sets of
that the differences observed are random or a
eal.

A significant difference is when the probability of

ata are really different (Ha). For the majority of
ow to allow us to be reasonably confident that
s considered significantly different.

n reject the Ho hypothesis, because we are

when there is greater than a 5% chance that the
e fail to reject the Ho hypothesis.

hesis and whether or not the sets of data would

p=0.056
Yes
No
 Instructions for Performing the Student's t-test
Please Note: You MUST place the results of the Student's t-test in the YELLOW field in order for this t
Instructions for performing Studen
Total Length Length 1st internode Root:Shoot
16.1 9.5 0.384 1. Click on any field that has a NUMB
15.2 11.2 0.369 2. Click on "Data" on the toolbar nea
Control 14.9 10.5 0.359 3. Select the "Data Analysis" box fro
15.6 9.8 0.427 4. Select "t-test: two sample assumin
16.7 10.2 0.409 A box will appear entitled "t-test: T
Mean 15.7 10.24 0.3896 equal variances."
SD 0.71763500472 0.65802735505448 0.0281389 5. Click in the white box beside the w
6. Highlight the PINK fields which inc
21.8 11.3 0.523 7. Click in the white box beside the w
25.7 9.6 0.489 8. Highlight the BLUE fields which in
Auxin 20.5 9.8 0.589 experimental group.
23.2 10.5 0.455 9. Click on the button beside the wor
22.4 12.4 0.429 10. Click in the white box beside the w
Mean 22.72 10.72 0.497 11. Select any field that does not con
SD 1.93571692145 1.15195486022674 0.062434 For example, select the YELLOW
12. Check to make sure you entered
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances 13. Click on "OK."
14. Go to next page!
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 15.7 22.72
Variance 0.515 3.747
Observatio 5 5
Pooled Var 2.131
Hypothesiz 0
df 8
t Stat -7.6035322375
P(T<=t) one3.1420631E-05
t Critical o 1.85954803753
P(T<=t) two6.2841262E-05
t Critical tw 2.3060041352
Student's t-test
LOW field in order for this tutorial to work correctly!
ns for performing Student's t-test:

any field that has a NUMBER in it.

"Data" on the toolbar near the top of the page.
he "Data Analysis" box from the tool bar.
t-test: two sample assuming equal variances."
ill appear entitled "t-test: Two sample assuming

the white box beside the words "Variable 1 Range."

ht the PINK fields which include the data for the control.
the white box beside the words "Variable 2 Range"
ht the BLUE fields which include the data for the
ental group.
the button beside the words "Output Range"
the white box beside the words "Output Range."
any field that does not contain information.
ample, select the YELLOW field.
to make sure you entered everything correctly.

next page!
 One-tail or Two?
Please Note: The results printout below will have all 0's if you did not place the results of the t-test in the YELLOW field as ins
Before you can determine whether or not two sets
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances different, you need to know whether or not you ne
Total Length: Control vs. Auxin t-test. Your hypothesis that you develop for your e
Variable 1 Variable 2 which is appropriate. A one-tail t-test is used whe
Mean 15.7 22.72 treatment will cause the mean of your experimenta
the mean of your control group OR that the mea
Variance 0.515 3.747
group will be lower than the means of the control
Observations 5 5 your hypothesis is that if you treat plants with a h
Pooled Variance 2.131 larger than untreated plants, you are hypothesizin
Hypothesized Mean 0 experimental group will be higher than the mean o
df 8 you need to use a one-tail t-t
t Stat -7.60353
P(T<=t) one-tail 3.14E-05 A two-tail t-test is used when you hypothesize
t Critical one-tail 1.859548 experimental group will be different (higher or low
P(T<=t) two-tail 6.28E-05 control group. When using a two-tail t-test, you
t Critical two-tail 2.306004 notion of whether the mean will be higher or low
different. For example, if your hypothesis is that i
hormone the size of the plant will be different tha
plants, you need to use a two-ta
ANOTHER NOTE: Notice how this results When you perform the Student's t-test with MSEx
printout is labelled (yellow fields) so that you with the results of both the one-tail and two-ta
know what was compared. determine which you need to use and refer to the
THIS DOES NOT HAPPEN AUTOMATICALLY! results print-out.
You will assume that you need to use one-tail t
of this tutorial.
?
e t-test in the YELLOW field as instructed on the previous page!
mine whether or not two sets of data are significantly
know whether or not you need a one-tail or two-tail
is that you develop for your experiment will determine
A one-tail t-test is used when you hypothesize that a
he mean of your experimental group to be higher than
ontrol group OR that the means of the experimental
han the means of the control group. For example, if
hat if you treat plants with a hormone they will grow
d plants, you are hypothesizing that the mean of your
will be higher than the mean of the control. Therefore,
you need to use a one-tail t-test.

s used when you hypothesize that the mean of an

will be different (higher or lower) than the mean of the
n using a two-tail t-test, you have no preconceived
he mean will be higher or lower, only that it will be
le, if your hypothesis is that if you treat a plant with a
the plant will be different than the size of untreated
ts, you need to use a two-tail t-test.
e Student's t-test with MSExcel, you will be provided
both the one-tail and two-tail t-test. You simply
need to use and refer to the appropriate items on the
results print-out.
at you need to use one-tail t-test for the remainder
of this tutorial.
 Significantly Different or Not?
Please Note: The results printout below will have all 0's if you did not place the results of the t-test i
as instructed on the previous page!
The results of a Student's t-test shown to the left s
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances results from example on the previous page. Using
Total Length: Control vs. Auxin you can determine whether or not the two sets of d
Variable 1 Variable 2 significantly different or not. There are TWO ways
Mean 15.7 22.72
Variance 0.515 3.747 1. Compare the "t Stat" to the "t Critical one-tail"
Observations 5 5 If the "t Stat" is greater than the "t Critical one-
Pooled Variance 2.131 significantly different. If the "t Stat" is less, the
Hypothesized Mean 0 different.
df 8
t Stat -7.6035322 PLEASE NOTE: You must compare the ABSOLU
P(T<=t) one-tail 3.1421E-05 and "t Critical one-tail." So in t
t Critical one-tail 1.859548 the negative of "-7.60352" so th
P(T<=t) two-tail 6.2841E-05
t Critical two-tail 2.3060041 2. The easier way is to look at the "P(T<=) one-ta
If it is less than 0.05, then the sets ARE signific
If it is greater than 0.05, then the sets ARE NO
ANOTHER NOTE: Notice how this results
printout is labelled (yellow fields) so that you PLEASE NOTE: "E" in a number means "x 10 to t
know what was compared. so, "3.142E-05" in the example
THIS DOES NOT HAPPEN AUTOMATICALLY! OR "0.00003142."
or Not?
ace the results of the t-test in the YELLOW field
page!
nt's t-test shown to the left should be the same as the
on the previous page. Using the information on this page,
ether or not the two sets of data you compared is
or not. There are TWO ways to do this….

at" to the "t Critical one-tail" (indicated in BLUE)

eater than the "t Critical one-tail," then the sets ARE
ent. If the "t Stat" is less, the the sets are NOT significantly

must compare the ABSOLUTE VALUES of the "t Stat"

d "t Critical one-tail." So in this example, you would drop
e negative of "-7.60352" so that it is "7.60352."

to look at the "P(T<=) one-tail." (indicated in PINK)

05, then the sets ARE significantly different.
0.05, then the sets ARE NOT significantly different.

n a number means "x 10 to the ____ power."

, "3.142E-05" in the example is actually "3.142x10^-05"
R "0.00003142."
 How to Report the Results of Statistical Analysis in a Lab Rep
In the results section of your lab report, you
the means, standard deviations, and the re
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances analyses. Please refer to the page entitled
Total Length: Control vs. Auxin on how to report the means and standard d
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 15.7 22.72 To report the results of the statistics, you fir
Variance 0.515 3.747 whether or not the two sets of data you we
Observations 5 5 significantly different or not. Then you nee
Pooled Variance 2.131 to that effect. For example…
Hypothesized Mean 0
df 8 "The mean total length of the plants tre
t Stat -7.60353 significantly different as compared
P(T<=t) one-tail 3.14E-05
t Critical one-tail 1.859548 In addition, you need to provide two crucial
P(T<=t) two-tail 6.28E-05 of your Student's t-test: the t Stat and P on
t Critical two-tail 2.306004 information in parentheses as follows… (p=
where you replace "P one-tail" and "t Stat"
from your results printout. For the example
report the results of statistical analysis as f

"The mean total length of the plants tre

significantly different as compared
(p=3.14E-05, t=-7.60).
 Analysis in a Lab Report
ts section of your lab report, you will be required to provide
standard deviations, and the results of the statistical
Please refer to the page entitled "Review" for instructions
eport the means and standard deviations.

he results of the statistics, you first need to determine

not the two sets of data you were comparing was
y different or not. Then you need to make a statement
ct. For example…

n total length of the plants treated with auxin was

icantly different as compared to the control."

you need to provide two crucial numbers from the results

dent's t-test: the t Stat and P one-tail. You provide the
in parentheses as follows… (p=P one-tail, t=t Stat),
replace "P one-tail" and "t Stat" with the actual numbers
esults printout. For the example above, you would
esults of statistical analysis as follows…

n total length of the plants treated with auxin was

ificantly different as compared to the control
(p=3.14E-05, t=-7.60)."
 It's YOUR Turn! (Part 1)
Your Assignment:

Total LengthLength 1st internode Root:Shoot Perform the Student's t-test co

16.1 9.5 0.384 1st internode
15.2 11.2 0.369 You must place the printout o
Control 14.9 10.5 0.359 field.
15.6 9.8 0.427
16.7 10.2 0.409
Mean 15.7 10.24 0.3896 ?QUESTI
SD 0.717635 0.658027355054484 0.0281389
From the results printout, wha
21.8 11.3 0.523
25.7 9.6 0.489 Answer:
Auxin 20.5 9.8 0.589
23.2 10.5 0.455 What was the t Stat?
22.4 12.4 0.429
Mean 22.72 10.72 0.497 Answer:
SD 1.9357169 1.15195486022674 0.062434
Are the two sets of data signif
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
Answer:
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 10.24 10.72
Variance 0.433 1.327
Observations 5 5
Pooled Variance 0.88
Hypothesized Mean 0
df 8
t Stat -0.8090398
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.2209435
t Critical one-tail 1.859548
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.4418871
t Critical two-tail 2.3060041
art 1)
Your Assignment:

Perform the Student's t-test comparing the length of

1st internode of the auxin treated group to the control.
You must place the printout of the results in the YELLOW

?QUESTION?

From the results printout, what is the P one-tail?

0.220944

What was the t Stat?

-0.80904

Are the two sets of data significantly different or not?

No
 It's YOUR Turn! (Part 2)
Your Assignment:

Total Length Length 1st internode Root:Shoot Perform the Student's t-tes
16.1 9.5 0.384 ratio of the auxin treated g
15.2 11.2 0.369 You must place the printou
Control 14.9 10.5 0.359 field.
15.6 9.8 0.427
16.7 10.2 0.409
Mean 15.7 10.24 0.3896 ?QUES
SD 0.717635 0.65802735505448 0.02813894
From the results printout, w
21.8 11.3 0.523
25.7 9.6 0.489 Answer:
Auxin 20.5 9.8 0.589
23.2 10.5 0.455 What was the t Stat?
22.4 12.4 0.429
Mean 22.72 10.72 0.497 Answer:
SD 1.93571692 1.15195486022674 0.06243397
Are the two sets of data sig
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
Answer:
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 0.3896 0.497
Variance 0.0007918 0.003898
Observations 5 5
Pooled Variance 0.0023449
Hypothesized Mean 0
df 8
t Stat -3.5068091
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.00399944
t Critical one-tail 1.85954804
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.00799888
t Critical two-tail 2.30600414
t 2)
Your Assignment:

Perform the Student's t-test comparing the root:shoot

ratio of the auxin treated group to the control.
You must place the printout of the results in the YELLOW

?QUESTION?

From the results printout, what is the P one-tail?

0.003999

What was the t Stat?

-3.50681

Are the two sets of data significantly different or not?

Yes
 Reporting Your Results! Putting Means, Standard Deviations, and Stat
When you write the results section in your lab report, you will be required to present the means, standard
of statistical analyses. Please refer to the page entitled "Rev" for information on how to present means an
and the page entitled "Report" for information on how to present the results of the Student's t-test.
The best (easiest to read and most acceptable for a good grade) is to combine the means, standard devia
of the Student's t-test into a sentence together. The following example is of the data for total length of pla
the auxin treated group.
"The mean total length of the control plants was 15.7+/-0.72 cm. The mean total length of the
auxin was 22.7+/-1.94 cm, which was significantly different from the control (p=3.14E-0
Please note: Even if the sets of data are NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT, you STILL report the result
?QUESTION?
Write a sentence or two that reports the means, standard deviations, and results of the Student's t-test for
You will need to go back to previous pages to obtain the numbers. Don't forget to include the results for c
Length of the 1st internode is measured in centimeters (cm)!

Answer: The mean 1st internode length of the control plants was 10.24± 0.65 cm . The mean 1st interno

Write a sentence or two that reports the means, standard deviations, and results of the Student's t-test for
Root:shoot (root to shoot ratio) has NO units!

Answer: The mean 1st internode length of the control plants was 0.390 ± 0.03. The mean 1st internode
Deviations, and Statistics Together
present the means, standard deviations, and the results
on how to present means and standard deviations
f the Student's t-test.
ne the means, standard deviations, and the results
he data for total length of plants in the control and

he mean total length of the plants treated with

rom the control (p=3.14E-05, t=-7.60)."
T, you STILL report the results of the statistics.

ults of the Student's t-test for length of the 1st internode?

get to include the results for control and experimental groups.

65 cm . The mean 1st internode length of the plants treated with auxin was 10.72 ± 1.15 cm , which was not significan

ults of the Student's t-test for root:shoot?

.03. The mean 1st internode length of the plan

Answer Sheet Name: Parastou Ranjbar
MSExcel 2007 and Statistics Tutorial (v. 5.0)

Instructions: Print this page and turn it in to your Instructor! Do not type anything on
this page.

T1-1 AVERAGE and STDEVA

T1-2 80 and 120
Review-1 15.7±0.72 cm
Review-2 10.72±1.15 cm
This means that the two sets of numbers are "actually different" from eachother, not due to
T2-1 random chance. For example, due to the effects of a chemical change or change in
temperature.

If the two sets of numbers are not significantly different, the differences are due only to
T2-2 random chance.

The lengths of the first internode of control plants and plants treated with auxin will differ
Hypo-1 only due to random chance. The auxin will not have a significant effect on the length of the
first internode of the auxin treated plants when compared to the control plants.
The first internode lengths of the control and auxin plants are actually different. The auxin
Hypo-2 did have a significant effect on the first internode length when compared to controls.

Rej-1 Yes No Yes

Rej-2 No Yes No
Turn1-1 0.22094354089741
Turn1-2 -0.809039834955891
Turn1-3 No
Turn2-1 0.003999440041072
Turn2-2 -3.50680908001335
Turn2-3 Yes

The mean 1st internode length of the control plants was 10.24± 0.65 cm . The mean 1st internode length of the
Write-1 plants treated with auxin was 10.72 ± 1.15 cm , which was not significantly different from the control (p=0.22 ,t=
-0.81).

The mean 1st internode length of the control plants was 0.390 ± 0.03. The mean 1st internode length of the plants
Write-2 treated with auxin was 0.50 ± 0.06 , which was not significantly different from the control (p=0.004 ,t= -3.51).

Tutorial Completion #:
0.658027 0.497 1.859548 0.88 1.859548