DNA and DNA Replication (Chapter 12)
DNA and DNA Replication (Chapter 12)
DNA and DNA Replication (Chapter 12)
DNA:
● carry genetic information from one generation to the next
● contains codes for protein synthesis
● deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA Structure:
● a 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
● a phosphate group
DNA Replication.
● the DNA molecule separates into two strands with use of enzymes. The
hydrogen bonds between the base pairs are broken.
● then produces two new complementary strands following the rules of base
pairing.
● Each strand of the double helix of DNA serves as a template for the new
strand.
● Each strand of the DNA double helix has all the info needed to reconstruct
the other half by the mechanism of base pairing.
● Because each strand can be used to make the other strand, the strands are
said to be complimentary.
● The result is two DNA molecules identical to each other and to the original
molecule.
● Each DNA molecule resulting from replication has one original strand and one
new strand.
Carbohydrates
● CHO, 1:2:1
● main source of energy, structural purposes also
Lipids
● made of glycerol (where the oxygen is) and fatty acid tails. (CHO)
● stores energy, part of biological membranes, waterproof coverings. chemical
messengers, steroids
Nucleic Acids
● store and transmit hereditary info.
● CHONP. Ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid.
Proteins
● amino on one end and carboxyl on other end. the only CHON.
● controls reaction rate, regulate cell processes, form bones and muscles,
transport substances in/out of cells, help fights disease.
Enzymes
● Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells.
● They regulate chemical pathways, make materials cells need, release energy,
and transmit info.
● They lower activation energies. They are biological catalysts.
● The reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions are substrates. There is an
active site where the substrates fit. This is called an enzyme-substrate
complex.
● Enzymes are affected by : ph values and temperature