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2020-2021
Dr. Fuad Ahmad Musleh
University of Bahrain 2020-2021
 
CENG 321 Hydraulics
 – 
 Course Notes by Dr. Fuad Musleh
1
Dear Students I am Dr. Fuad Musleh, I will be teaching you Hydraulics, CENG321. It is one of the most interesting subjects in Engineering. You will notice that the very important theories and concepts,  governing fluid motion in pipes, and open channels will be taught in a practical manner. Which gives you at the end of the course tools that you need in order to solve the water flow problems. These scientific notes were collected from different sources: Several Hydraulics references; notes by
Professor Shamsul Haque Alvi
 , one of the founders of the civil Engineering department of University of Bahrain; and finally my own notes which is supported by continuous additions and updated work. I believe it will be enough for you to understand the course. The office hours will be announced soon. However, you are free to contact me through Microsoft teams and Blackboard at any time. I will do my best to give clear answers to all your questions. Do your best to solve the home works on time, your efforts will be always appreciated. Using other students work is completely prohibited, you both might lose the whole mark. Dr. Fuad Musleh 18/9/2020
 
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CENG 321 Hydraulics
 – 
 Course Notes by Dr. Fuad Musleh
2
First Day Quiz !!!!!!
 
I.
 
Choose T or F True False
Fluids can be Liquids or gases.
True False
Real fluids are
 fluids with viscosity while ideal fluid are fluids with zero viscosity
 
True False
The density of compressed fluid is hardly changed with pressure change.
 
True False
Air is a compressible fluid with variable density.
True False
In general, densities of liquids are almost constant under constant temperature even with huge changes in pressure.
True False
Water expands when freezes.
 
True False
Water is less dense when heated over 4
o
.
 
True False
Pressure will act within the static fluid equally in all directions.
True False
Only fluids with velocity gradient (Moving) produce shearing forces.
 
True False
In the outer space at the void of gasses, the pressure is essentially zero
True False
Pressure is removed from the fluid as the depth increases because of its weight.
II.
 
Fill in the spaces:
a.
 
Water density (
) at 4
O
C is
 
……………………….
kg/m
3
, ……………………….g/cm
3
, and…………………kg/Liter
 b.
 
Maximum densi
ty of water is ………………….…. at ……………………..
o
 . c.
 
At sea level, under normal conditions, the atmospheric pressure is approximately
……..
 k Pascal
 1 bar. d.
 
T
he gage pressure at the surface of the fluid is……………………………
 e.
 
The variation of hydrostatic pressure between any two points in a fluid with a constant specific weight
γ
 can be given as
…………………………………,
and the pressure at 1 relate
d to that at (2) is……………………….…………
 
III.
 
Define in simple word:
a.
 
Incompressible fluid: ……………………………………………………………..…………………………..…………………………
 b.
 
Specific gravity:
……………………………………………
..
………………………………………………………………………………
 
c.
 
Atmospheric pressure
:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 
d.
 
Gage pressure:
 
……………………………………………………………………………………………
.
…………..…………………
 
e.
 
Vapour pressure
:
 
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……
..
 
f.
 
Pascal's Law:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 g.
 
Relation between Viscosity and flow resistance………………………………………………………………………………………
 
IV.
 
Solve:
 
(1)
 A gage pressure is measured to be vacuum of 23 kPa at a location where the elevation is 3000m. Given that the
P
atmospheric
 at this elevation is 70.6
 kPa
. What is the absolute pressure?
……………..………………………….………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………
 
……………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………..…………………
 
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CENG 321 Hydraulics
 – 
 Course Notes by Dr. Fuad Musleh
3
(2):
using the Moody diagram, given a horizontal pipe of 0.1 m diameter, a pressure drop of 0.2 m/m, a kinematic viscosity of 1×10-6 m
2
/s, find the flow discharge in the pipe.
 
……………..………………………….………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………
 
……………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………..………………
.
 
(3):
Find the location of the surface in the manometer.
(4):
Find the pressure in pipe A
(5):
For the system of pipes in series shown, given that: The flow of water in the system is 1500
L/s
, D
1
=1.0m, D
2
 =0.4m, and D
3
=0.7m.
 a.
 
The velocities (m/s) in pipes 1, 2 and 3 are:
1
=..............m/s,
2
=.............
m/s
, and
3
=.............
m/s
b.
 
Doubling the head into the tank will (increase, decrease, not change) the discharge within the pipes. c.
 
Doubling the head into the tank will (increase, decrease, not change) the velocities within the pipes.
(6):
For the system of pipes in series shown, given that: The flow of water in the system is 1000
L/s
,
exit
=1,
entrance
=0.5, the Losses due expansion is
(V 
1
-V 
2
 )
2
 /2g
, the kinematic viscosity is
 
 =
3×10
-6
 m
2
 /s.
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