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    Acute Renal Failure

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    Rufus Raj
    This document provides information about nursing care for a patient with acute renal failure. It begins with definitions of renal failure and acute renal failure. It then discusses the etiology, progressive events, clinical course, manifestations, diagnostic studies, and management of acute renal failure including fluid restriction, nutrition, lowering potassium, dialysis, and nursing process with nursing diagnoses. The document is presented by H. Rufus Raj and provides a comprehensive overview of acute renal failure for nursing care.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Acute Renal Failure

    Uploaded by

    Rufus Raj
    338 views20 pages
    This document provides information about nursing care for a patient with acute renal failure. It begins with definitions of renal failure and acute renal failure. It then discusses the etiology, progressive events, clinical course, manifestations, diagnostic studies, and management of acute renal failure including fluid restriction, nutrition, lowering potassium, dialysis, and nursing process with nursing diagnoses. The document is presented by H. Rufus Raj and provides a comprehensive overview of acute renal failure for nursing care.

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    NURSING CARE OF PATIENT WITH ACUTE RENAL FAILURE

    Original Title

    ACUTE RENAL FAILURE

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    This document provides information about nursing care for a patient with acute renal failure. It begins with definitions of renal failure and acute renal failure. It then discusses the etiology, progressive events, clinical course, manifestations, diagnostic studies, and management of acute renal failure including fluid restriction, nutrition, lowering potassium, dialysis, and nursing process with nursing diagnoses. The document is presented by H. Rufus Raj and provides a comprehensive overview of acute renal failure for nursing care.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppsx, pdf, or txt
    338 views20 pages

    Acute Renal Failure

    Uploaded by

    Rufus Raj
    This document provides information about nursing care for a patient with acute renal failure. It begins with definitions of renal failure and acute renal failure. It then discusses the etiology, progressive events, clinical course, manifestations, diagnostic studies, and management of acute renal failure including fluid restriction, nutrition, lowering potassium, dialysis, and nursing process with nursing diagnoses. The document is presented by H. Rufus Raj and provides a comprehensive overview of acute renal failure for nursing care.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppsx, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    NURSING CARE

    OF PATIENT WITH
    ACUTE RENAL
    FAILURE

    PRESENTED BY
    H. RUFUS RAJ .MSN
    Lecturer, Al-Shifa college of nursing
    What is Renal failure
    ?

    Renal failure is the partial or


    complete impairment of kidney
    function resulting in an inability to
    excrete metabolic waste products
    & water, as well as causing
    functional disturbances of all body
    systems.
    What is Acute renal failure?

    Acute renal failure is a clinical


    syndrome characterised by rapid loss of
    renal function with progressive azotemia

    ARF is often ARF usually develops


    associated with over hours or days
    oliguria which is a with progressive
    decrease in urinary elevations of BUN,
    outputto 400 ml/day creatinine, & potassiun
    with or without oliguria
    ETIOLOG
    Y
    Contd…
    PROGRESSIVE EVENTS IN
    ARF
    CLNICAL COURSE OF ARF
    INITIATING PHASE

    OLIGURIC PHASE

    DIURETIC PHASE

    RECOVERY PHASE
    CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    URINARY
    Ø Decreased urinary output
    Ø Proteinuria RESPIRATORY
    Ø Decreased specific gravity ØPulmonary edema
    Ø Decreased osmolality ØPlural effusions
    Ø Increased urinary sodium

    GASTROINTESTINAL
    ØNausea & vomiting
    CARDIOVASCULAR
    ØAnorexia
    ØVolume overload
    ØStomatitis
    ØHeart failure
    ØBleeding
    ØHypotension
    ØDiarrhea
    Hypertension
    ØConstipation
    ØPericarditis
    ØPericardial effussion
    ØDysrhythmias Contd…..
    Contd….

    HEMATOLOGIC
    METABOLIC Ø Anemia
    ØIncreased BUN
    Ø Increased suspectibility to
    ØIncreased creatinine
    infection
    ØDecreased sodium
    ØIncreased potassium
    Ø Defect in platelet
    functioning
    ØDecreased pH
    ØDecreased bicarbonate
    ØDecreased calcium
    NEUROLOGIC
    ØIncreased phosphate
    ØLethargy
    ØSeizures
    ØAsterixis
    ØMemory impairment
    DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
    HISTORY & PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
    IDENTIFICATION OF THE
    PRECIPITATING CAUSE

    LABORATORY STUDIES
    Serum creatinine & BUN
    Serum electrolytes
    Urinalysis
    MANAGEMENT
    Treatment of the precipitating cause
    Fluid restriction (600ml plus previous 24
    hrs fluid loss)
    Nutritional therapy
    Measures to lower potassium
    Calcium supplements or phosphate
    binding agents
    Parentral nutrition
    Enteral nutrition
    Dialysis
    Nutritional therapy
    Adequate protein
    intake (0.6-2
    g/kg/day)
    Potassium restriction
    Phospahate restriction
    Sodium restriction
    Daily calorie
    requirement – 30-35
    kcal/day
    Sodium restricted to
    DIALYSIS
    INDICATIONS
    Volume overload resultinf g in
    compromised cardiac or pulmonary
    status
    Elevated potassium level with ECG
    changes
    Metabolic acidosis
    BUN level (>120 mg/dl)
    Significant change in mental status
    Pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac
    tamponade
    Peritoneal dialysis
    v Peritoneal dialysis uses the lining
    of the abdominal cavity as a filter
    to clean blood and remove excess
    fluid.
    v A catheter is implanted into the
    abdomen by a minor surgical
    procedure and a fluid (dialysate
    solution) is infused through this.
    v The dialysate solution, left for a
    few hours, capture and eliminate
    the waste products from your
    blood.
    v The most common form of
    peritoneal dialysis called
    continuous ambulatory peritoneal
    dialysis (CAPD) changes dialysate
    four times a day.
    Hemodialysis
    Ø Hemodialysis uses a mechanical
    membrane (dialyzer) with a special
    filter that removes waste and
    excess water from the blood.

    Ø The patient is connected to the


    machine by a tube running from a
    conduit created surgically between
    a large artery and vein.

    Ø The blood is circulated through the


    artificial kidney, which removes
    toxins and wastes. The blood is
    then returned to your body.
    NURSING PROCESS
    LIST OF NURSING
    DIAGNOSES
    1. Excess fluid volume related to renal failure & fluid
    retention.
    2. Risk for infection related t invasive lines , uremic
    toxins, & altered immune responses secondary to
    kidney failure.
    3. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirement
    related to altered metabolic sate & dietary restrictions.
    4. Disturbed thought processes related to effects of
    uremic toxins on CNS.
    5. Fatigue related to anemia. Metabolic acidosis, &
    uremic toxins.
    6. Anxiety related to disease process, therapeutic
    interventions & uncertainty of progress.
    THANK YOU
    Click to edit Master text styles
    Second level
    ● Third level

    ● Fourth level

    ● Fifth level

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