Phonology HW 2

Name __Joshua Hernandez__ Ziv Yoni Alona
Circle the name of your TA
ASSIGNMENT #2
Phonemes allophones and Natural Classes
Due: 5.4.2021
Thai
There are four types of stops in Thai: voiced, voiceless, aspirated voiceless, and voiceless
unreleased stops. Our goal is to provide the phonological system of the Thai stops.
1. ba: ‘crazy’ 19. panja: ‘brains’

2. bil ‘Bill’ 20. pen ‘alive’
3. rap’ ‘take’ 21. lüak’ ‘choose’
4. brü: ‘extremely fast’ 22. pla: ‘fish’
5. kɛ: ‘old’ 23. düŋ ‘pull’
6. phle:ŋ ‘song’ 24. paj ‘to go’
7. the: ‘pour’ 25. ri:p’ ‘hurry’
8. dam ‘black’ 26. tra: ‘stamp’
9. di: ‘good’ 27. sta:ŋ ‘money’
10. ͡tsuək’ ‘pure white’ 28. khwa: ‘right side’
11. pha: ‘cloth’ 29. draj ‘drive (golf)’
12. ɔ:k’ ‘exit’ 30. thru:mɛ:n Truman
13. tit’ ‘get stuck’ 31. kla:ŋ ‘middle’
14. phrɛ: ‘silk cloth’ 32. kan ‘ward off’
15. sip’ ‘ten’ 33. kiə ‘wooden shoes’
16. ji:sip’ ‘twenty’ 34. khɛŋ ‘hard’
17. phja: title 35. rak’ ‘love’
18. kha: ‘kill’ 36. ͡tshat’ ‘clear’
Beginning Phonology 2021 Natural Classes Assignment 2

3 rap’
10 ͡tsuək’
12 ɔ:k’
15 sip’
16 ji:sip’
21 lüak’
25 ri:p’
35 rak’
36 ͡tshat’
5 kɛ:
18 kha:
28 khwa:
31 kla:ŋ
32 kan
33 kiə
34 khɛŋ
7 the:
8 dam
9 di:
13 tit’
23 düŋ
26 tra:
27 sta:ŋ
29 draj
30 thru:mɛ:n
1 ba:
2 bil
4 brü:
6 phle:ŋ
11 pha:
14 phrɛ:
17 phja:
19 panja:
20 pen
22 pla:
24 paj

a. Provide the phonetic chart of the Thai consonants (add/delete rows and columns from the
table below according to your chart).
Place palatal
labial alveolar velar
Manner
stop p p p’ b t th t’ d
h
k kh k’
fricative
affricate ͡ t sh
sibilant s
approximant j
lateral l
approximant
nasal n ŋ
trill r
b. For each manner of articulation, determine whether the stop has an allophone sister with
which it shares a phoneme, or whether it is the single daughter of a phoneme. Support
your answer. Please ignore the affricates throughout the analysis.
i. Voiced stops:
The voiced stops are single daughters of a phoneme.
They occur in the same environment as their voiceless and aspirated counterparts.
ii. Voiceless stops:

Voiceless stops are single daughters of a phoneme.
They occur in the same environment as their voiced and aspirated counterparts.
iii. Aspirated stops:

Aspirated stops are single daughters of a phoneme.
They occur in the same environment as their voiced and voiceless counterparts.
iv. Unreleased stops:

Unreleased stops have an allophone sister with which it shares a phoneme.
All the unreleased stops appear at the end of the utterance, where there is complementary
distribution with respect to their voiced, voiceless and aspirated counterparts.

c. Provide the phonemes for the allophones you identified in (b) and support your answer.
3 rap’
10 ͡tsuək’
36 ͡tshat’
d. Which of the following systems fits your answers above? Explain your answer.
A B C D E
/t/ /d/ /th/ /t’/ /t/ /th/ /d/ /t’/ /t/ /th/ /d/ /t/ /t’/ /d/
[t] [d] [th] [t’] [t] [d] [th] [t’] [t] [d] [th] [t’] [t] [t’] [th] [d] [t] [t’] [th] [d]
None of the above fit my answers, which probably indicates I in some of my conclusions.
Nevertheless, bellow I attach the diagram of system “F” which suits the answers given above.
e. Write the rule(s) required to derive the allophones. Recall that rules should be as general
as possible and free of redundancies.
Rule in words:
Audible release loss: Stops that are at the end of a word and preceded by any vowel are
produced with no audible release.
Formal rule:
[+stop +audible release ] ⇒ [+stop -audible release ] ／ __ #

f. Below is a list of English words which were borrowed to Thai. Please write down the
expected phonetic (PR) and phonemic (UR) representation of these words in Thai, based
on your analysis.
English Thai
PR UR
1 [phɪn] pin /phin/ [phin]
2 [bɪt] bit /bit/ [bit’]
3 [baɡ] bag /bak/ [bak’]
4 [ɡʊd] good /kut/ [kut’]
g. Please explain your selection in items 3 and 4 in (f).

According to the data provided, there is no /g/ phoneme in Thai, so for [baɡ] the voiced velar
stop was substituted by the unreleased velar stop /k’/, since Thai does not allows voiced or
voiceless stops at the end of the word
For [ɡʊd] , the closes phoneme to/g/ is /k/ which is allowed in this environment.
The /d/ was substituted by the unreleased velar stop /t’/ since Thai does not allow voiced or
voiceless stops at the end of the word.
h. Ignoring the unreleased stops, compare the phonological systems of English and Thai.
English Thai
UR: [+voiced] [+voiceless] [-aspirated] [+voiced] [+voiceless] [+aspirated]
PR: [+voiced] [+voiceless] [+aspirated] [+voiced] [+voiceless] [+aspirated]
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Name __Joshua Hernandez__ Ziv Yoni Alona

Circle the name of your TA

1. ba: ‘crazy’ 19. panja: ‘brains’

Beginning Phonology 2021 Natural Classes Assignment 2

Beginning Phonology 2021 Natural Classes Assignment 2

ii. Voiceless stops:

iii. Aspirated stops:

iv. Unreleased stops:

Beginning Phonology 2021 Natural Classes Assignment 2

produced with no audible release.

[+stop +audible release ] ⇒ [+stop -audible release ] ／ __ #

Beginning Phonology 2021 Natural Classes Assignment 2

2 [bɪt] bit /bit/ [bit’]

3 [baɡ] bag /bak/ [bak’]

4 [ɡʊd] good /kut/ [kut’]

g. Please explain your selection in items 3 and 4 in (f).

voiceless stops at the end of the word.

PR: [+voiced] [+voiceless] [+aspirated] [+voiced] [+voiceless] [+aspirated]

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Beginning Phonology 2021 Natural Classes Assignment 2

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Name Joshua Hernandez Ziv Yoni Alona