THE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND BUGINESE LANGUAGE IN SENTNCES

USING ENGLISH SYNTAX

Winalda
Program Studi S1 Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan
Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
This research aims to determine the differences of sentence patterns in English and
Bugis and the research approach used is qualitative, where the contrastive analysis
method is chosen as a research method in comparing and analyzing sentence patterns of
the two languages. From the analysis, it is known that the differences of the language
are: (1) the English and Bugis languages have the different in sentence pattern, (2) both
languages have the same elements to construct. a sentence (S + V + O). This study also
aims to describe syntactic forms in the use of Buginese language. Purposive sampling
was used to select a sample consisting of two native-bugis residing in North Kolaka
who spoke the Buginese language. Then it is hoped that these findings can predict the
disturbance that will occur during the interview with English as the target language and
those who speak Bugis as their mother tongue. Furthermore, it is suggested that further
researchers be able to study the Bugis language in different settings, such as analysis of
morphology, syntax, and semantics.
Keywords: analysis, Buginese, English, Syntax

INTRODUCATION parts of Enrekang, Majene, and

The term ‘syntax’ has been Bulukumba Regencies.
defined by many linguists. Syntax is The Bugis language consists of
from a Greek word meaning order or several dialects. Like the Pinrang dialect
arrangement. Syntax is deals with the which is similar to the Sidrap dialect.
relation of words to each other as Bone dialect (which differs between
component parts of a sentence, and with north and south Bone). Soppeng dialect.
their proper arrangement to express The Wajo dialect (also differs between
clearly the intended meaning. Lombardi northern and southern, and eastern and
in Ba’dulu, M (1989:2) western Wajo). Barru dialect, Sinjai
The Bugis language is one of the dialect and so on.
Austronesian language families used by It is believed that language has an
the Bugis tribe. The language is widely essential role in the world because
spoken in South Sulawesi, especially everybody uses it to communicate with
others. It is used to deliver meanings,
Maros, Pangkep, Barru, Majene, Luwu, feelings, and desires from someone to
Sidenreng Rappang, Soppeng, Wajo, others. Language belonged to a product
Bone, Sinjai, Pinrang, Parepare City and of a culture that was made, used, and
spread out all over the world. Every
 region or country has its own culture find similarity and the difference. The
and language. Thus, one language to same elements of both languages will
another language might be different and facilitates student, while different
also similar. In learning English as a elements will hindrance in learning.
second or foreign language, the learners
tend to transfer their language to the Often a contrastive analysis of a
foreign language, as Lado (1962) cultural matter that repeatedly causes
explained that individuals tend to cross-cultural misinformation will result
transfer the forms and meanings of their in intellectual understanding of what the
native language and culture to the event or matter means to the other people.
foreign language and culture whereas Emotional effective realization of what it
every language has the linguistic represents to them may be difficult or
features that built the language itself, impossible to achieve- and it need not be
such as sentence pattern. Regard to the sought. Students can dislike something
phenomenon above, the contrastive yet understand that the other people do
study was chosen to be conducted to not have the same meaning and feeling.
analyze the differences and the We do not have to be alike to
similarities of two languages. communicate with and even appreciate
Contrastive analysis has caught the those who are culturally different (Lado,
attention of some scholars to conduct 1988).
studies in various setting such as
English and Spanish postnuclear 2. Syntax
patterns Veliz( 2001:105-131). The term ‘syntax’ has been defined
by many linguists. Syntax is from a
Greek word meaning order or
DISSUCION
arrangement. Syntax is deals with the
1. Basic concept of Analysis relation of words to each other as
Technique of data analysis is based component parts of a sentence, and
on the data collection from library with their proper arrangement to
research. The writer used two techniques express clearly the intended
in analyzing the data are contrastive meaning. Lombardi in Ba’dulu.M
analysis and descriptive analysis. The (1989:2).
Ricard (1999; 285) who argues that
writer compared the English and
syntax is that study of words combine to
Buginese Basic Sentence Patterns to find form sentences and the rules which
the differences and similarities, then the govern the formation of sentences.
writer analyzed the descriptively in O'Grady (1996; 184) who argues that
English and Buginese Basic Sentence the syntax is the rules and categories
Patterns. that underlines sentences formulation in
human language.
Meanwhile, Prawono (1996)
proposes that contrastive analysis theory Crystal in Ba’dulu, M (1980:346)
assume that difficulty in learning defines syntax as the study of the rules
language basically caused by the different governing the way words are combined
between student's first language system to form sentences in a language. In this
with second language that is studied. use, syntax is opposed to morphology,
Therefore, contrastive analysis attempt to the study of word structure. An
contrast the second language system to alternative definition is the study of the
interrelationships between elements of conclude that syntax is a part of
sentence structure, and of the rules grammar that have the character of
governing the arrangement of sentences word combination become gramatical
in sequences. unit that larger ones in the form of
Similarly, Fromkin and Rodman in phrase, clause, and sentence. On the
Ba’dulu, M (1983:200) state that other hand syntax is a grammar branch
syntax is the part of our linguistic that talks about sentence structures,
knowledge which concerns with the clause, and phrase. Syntax is
structure of sentences. Furthermore, concerned with the way words
O’Grady and Dobrovolsky in Ba’dulu, (strictly, lexicogrammatical-words)
M (1989:126) define syntax as the are combined to form sentences.
system of rules and categories that Syntax deals with the way words
allows words to be combined to form
combine to form sentences.
sentences.
Azar (1999: A1-6) states that 3. Bugis Syntax
Subject, verbs, objects, and adverbs are From the results of interviews
the components of basic sentence with some native Bugis. These
patterns. The subject is the person, thing findings are in the form of information
that does an action. Almost all English about the Buginese language, then
sentences contain a subject (S) and a translated into English and English
verb (V). The verb may or may not be into the Buginese language.
followed by an object (O). The discussion is organized into
Verbs that are not followed by an object three parts, namely: (1) the patterns of
are called intransitive verbs. Bugis sentences, (2) the differences
Syntax functions that consist of between Bugis and English Sentences,
elements SVO, and Adv, be empty and (3) the problems were Bugis
boxes or vacant lot doesn't has anything native speakers faced in learning
meaning because the vacancy. Those
English sentences.
vacant lot will loaded by something that
3.1 The patterns of Bugis sentences
shaped category and has certain part.
Based on corpus data obtained
The example in sentence of Bugis
language, “lokka ki manre di bolaku”, through information and interviews
in English can trasfered be " you go to with native Bugis people. Seems
eat at my house". that the patterns of Bugis sentences
The change of position can accepted as follows:
in Bugis language. When transfered into Example:
the English the result become “you go 1. Noun phrase
to eat at my home” the sentence cannot Example:
accepted in English grammatical Lampe’epa gemmeku (my long
structure. Mean that although the hair)
composition of Bugis language sentence (N= +Det:pos+mod:adj+H:n)
acceptable, but in English the Siswa dongo’ (a stupid student)
composition cannot. So, the sentence (N: ± Det: art + mod: adj: H: n)
“pergi kamu makan dirumahku” be Emmaku’ di dare’e (my mother in
negative transfer or happen syntax the garden)
tranfer that has interference. (N: ± Det: pos + H: n + mod: RA)
From the limitations that are Anre marasa (the delicious food)
proposed by linguists, we can (N: ±Det: art + mod: adj + H: n)
 Makkundrai (a woman) Kasi asi puppu tau éro.
(N: ± Det: art + mod: adj + H: n) P S
2. Verb phrase (Those people are very poor).
Nulle’e bosi (may have rained) In this structure of the sentence,
(V= ± mod1: aux1 + mod2: aux2 + H: adjective phrase as predicate and noun
V) phrase as subject, so this sentence has
Nisseng ma’bicara (can speak) form P+S.
(V: ± mod: aux + H: V) Padangkang ambo’na.
3. Adjective phrase P S
Mapettang ladde (very dark) (His father is a seller)
(Adj= Int: int + H: adj) In this structure of the sentence, verb
Mageretta la’dde (so handsome) phrase as predicate followed by noun
(adj: Int: int + H: adj) phrase as subject. So, this sentence has
Nyameppa (very good) form P+S.
(adj: ± Int: int + H: sdj) Sentence Pattern: P+O+S
4. Adverb phrase
Lokka di sekolae (to go to school) 1) English:
(adv= ± Int: int + H: adv) There is not sentence pattern P+O+S of
Di bolae (at home) English sentence structure.
(adv: ± Int: int +H: adv) Int: int + H: adv)
Magatti’ la’dde (very quickly) Tette’ konnye (still here)
(adv: ± Int: int + H: adv) (adv: ± Int: int + H: adv)
Tette’ konnye (still here) Akkatutu la’dde (so carefully)
(adv: ± Int: int + H: adv) (adv: ± Int: int + H: adv)
2). Buginese:
Akkatutu la’dde (so carefully)
a) Manre i bale meong éro.
(adv: ± Int: int + H: adv)
P O S
5. Exocentric phrase
(The cat is eating fish)
Di bolae (in the house)
In this st ructure of the sentence, verb
(RA: + Rel: rel + Axis: n) phrase as predicate and noun phrase as
Di ase’na kaju-kajungnge (under object, followed by noun phrase as
the tree) subject. So, this sentence has form
(RA: ± Rel: rel + Axis: N) P+O+S.
Di bokona sikolangnge (behind the After analysis the data above the writer
school) found that the different
(RA: ± Rel: rel + Axis: N) between the basic sentence in English
and Buginese are the element
3.2 The differences between Bugis and sentence formations. In Buginese
English Sentences pattern language sentence pattern are S+P+O,
The differences between English and this patterns flexible.
Buginese basic sentence patterns can be Example: Manréi balé meong éro
seen in the sentence pattern P+S and P O S
P+O+S.
a. Sentence pattern: P+S Meong éro manré i balé
1) English: S P O
There is not sentence pattern P+S of It can change into P+O+S and S+V,
English sentence structure. V+S without changing its meaning.
2) Buginese:
While in English sentence pattern is a phrase, verb phrase, adjective
permanent, it does not change phrase, adverb phrase, and
pattern. endocentric phrase.
2. The differences between
3.3 The problems were Bugis native English and Buginese basic
speakers faced in learning sentence patterns.
English sentences. The difference between the
Based on the analysis of the data basic sentence in English and
from the translation of the Bugis Buginese are the element
language to English, it can be seen sentence formations. In
that there are differences in Buginese language sentence
sentence usage, both grammatical pattern are S+V+O which can
order, sentence formulation, change into V+O+S, and S+V
differences in patterns sentences, which can change into V+S
and syntax formulas. This is an this patterns are flexible and do
obstacle faced by native Bugis not change its meaning. While
speakers in learning English in English.
sentences. 3. The problems faced by native
speakers of Bugis in learning
The results of the contrastive
English sentences, especially
analysis in this study can reveal
students, are the differences in
the differences between Bugis and
sentence patterns, the
English. The differences found in
formulation of noun phrases
this study are likely to be of and vocabulary in Buginese
benefit to all native Buginese who which is different from
wish to learn English, especially English.
English teachers.

CONCLUSSION
Based on the research findings
and discussion, the researcher
puts forward the following
conclusion as follows:
1. According to the formation, all
types of sentences discussed
use 5 phrases. Namely, noun

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Syntax in Lexical Functional
Grammar.

6) O'Grady (1996). Systemic

Functional Linguistic. Exploring
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