Interpenetration of Solids /

Intersection of Surfaces /
Lines & Curves of Intersection

More points common to both the solids

Basic required knowledge:

~ Projections of Solid

~ Section of Solid
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Section of Solid For TV

SECTION
PLANE

x y Lines & Curves

Interpenetration of Solids
of Intersection
Intersection of Surfaces
Apparent Shape
of section
SECTION LINES
(450 to XY)

SECTIONAL T.V.
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 Minimum Surface Contact.
( Point Contact) (Maximum Surface Contact)
Lines of Intersections. Curves of Intersections.

Square Pipes. Circular Pipes. Square Pipes. Circular Pipes.

MAXIMUM SURFACE CONTACT A BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR

STRONGEST & LEAK-PROOF JOINT.

Two plane surfaces (e-g. faces of prisms and pyramids)

intersect in a straight line.

The line of intersection between two curved surfaces (e-g.

of cylinders and cones) or between a plane surface and a
curved surface is a curve.

More points common to both the solids

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 How to find Lines/Curves of Intersection

Generator line Method Cutting Plane Method

T
T
F
F

75

63
75
 Guidelines
• Interpenetration of solids produce closed loops
which may be made straight lines or curves.
– Two lines intersect at a point common to both the lines.
– Two surfaces intersect along a line/curve common to both
surfaces.
• Interpenetration of solids containing plane surfaces
(prism with prism, pyramid with pyramid, prism
with pyramid) results in a polygon.
• Solids having curved surfaces results in closed
curve.
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 What is expected?
• Projection of solid 1.
• Projection of solid 2 with given position w.r.t.
solid.
• Finding common points on solid 1 and solid 2.
• Joining common points in proper sequence to get
desired line/curve of intersection.
• Correcting/finalizing the orthographic projections.

65
 Problem: Find intersection curve .

Draw convenient number of lines on the surface of one of the solids.

Transfer point of intersection to their corresponding positions in other
views. When one solid completely penetrates another, there
will be two curves of intersection. 66
 Problem: CYLINDER (50mm dia.and 70mm axis ) STANDING & SQ.PRISM (25 mm
sides and 70 mm axis) PENETRATING. Both axes Intersect & bisect each other. All faces of
prism are equally inclined to Hp. Draw projections showing curves of intersections. (I-angle)
1’ 2’ 4’ 3’ 4” 1”3” 2”

a”

d” b”

Projections
Find lines ofof
of
Solid 1. critical
Solid2.
Missing
intersection
c”
points at which
X Y curve changes
direction.
4

1 3

67
2
 Problem. SQ.PRISM (30 mm base sides and 70mm axis ) STANDING & SQ.PRISM (25
mm sides and 70 mm axis) PENETRATING. Both axes intersects & bisect each other. All
faces of prisms are equally inclined to Vp. Draw projections showing curves of
intersections.

1’ 2’4’ 3’ 4” 1”3” 2”

a’ a’ a”

b’ b’ d” b”
d’ d’

c’ c’
c”
X Y
4

1 3

2 68
Problem: A vertical cone, base diameter 75 mm and axis 100 mm long, is completely
penetrated by a cylinder of 45 mm diameter and axis 100 mm long. The axis of the cylinder is
parallel to Hp and Vp and intersects axis of the cone at a point 28 mm above the base. Draw
projections showing curves of intersection in FV & TV. in I angle projection system
o’ o”

1 1
2 8,2 8 1
2
7 3
3 3
7,
64 6 4
4
5
28
5 5
X a’ b’h’ c’g’ d’f’ e’ g” f”h” a”e” b”d” c” Y
g

h f
Mistakes !!
a e

b d 69

c
Problem: Vertical cylinder (80 mm diameter & 100 mm height) is completely penetrated by a
horizontal cone (80 mm diameter and 120 mm height). Both axes intersect & bisect each other.
Draw FV & TV projections showing curve of intersections in I angle projection system.

7’

6’ 8’

1’ 5’

2’ 4’
3’
X Y

28 Intersection of a
curve with
37 another !!!!
Generator lines..

46
5 70
Problem. SQ.PRISM (30 mm base sides and 70mm axis; faces equally inclined to VP )
STANDING & SQ.PRISM (25 mm sides and 70 mm axis) PENETRATING. Both axes
Intersect & bisect each other. Two faces of penetrating prism are 300 inclined to Hp. Draw
projections showing curves of intersections in I angle projection system.

1’ 2’4’ 3’ 4” 1”3” 2”

a’
f’ f”

e’

b’
c’
c”
d’
X 300 Y
4

1 3

d" o
2

Other possible arrangements ???? b"

71
Problem: A vertical cylinder 50mm dia. and 70mm axis is completely penetrated by
a horizontal triangular prism of 45 mm sides and 70 mm axis. One flat face of
prism is parallel to Vp and Contains axis of cylinder. Draw projections showing
curves of intersections in I angle projection system.

1’ 2’4’ 3’ 4” 1”3” 2”

a a a

b b
b c
c
d
e e d
e
f f f
X Y
4

1 3

2
72
Problem: CONE (cone70 mm base diameter and 90 mm axis ) STANDING & SQ.PRISM PENETRATING
(BOTH AXES VERTICAL)

2’

1’

3’

5’

4’
6’
X a’ b’h’ c’g’ d’f’ e’ Y
g

h 8
f
9 7
10 Axis of prism is // to cone’s axis and 5 mm away from it.
6
a 1
e A vertical plane containing both axes is parallel to Vp.
2
Take all faces of sq.prism equally inclined to Vp.
3 5 Base Side of prism is 30 mm and axis is 100 mm long.
4
Draw projections showing curves of intersections.
b d

c
73
5 mm OFF-SET
 Intersection of two cylinders
oblique to each other –Use PAV
III angle
projection

74
 Intersection of two cylinders
oblique to each other –Use PAV

75
 Intersection of two cylinders
oblique to each other –Use AV

76
Intersection of Cone and Oblique
cylinder using PAV

77
 Intersection of irregular Prism &
offset Cylinder
III angle
projection

78
Intersection of irregular Prism &
offset Cylinder

Invisible
Visible

79
Intersection of irregular Prism &
offset Cylinder

Invisible
Visible

80
Intersection of irregular Prism &
offset Cylinder

81