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Chapter 3: Differentials: 1. 2. F (X) (2x + 5) (3x - 4) 3. G (X) 4 4. H (X) (3

This chapter discusses techniques for taking derivatives of functions, including: - Using the product, quotient, chain and power rules - Taking derivatives of implicit functions - Finding rates of change, such as how the cost of production changes with increasing units - Interpreting derivatives in context, such as how the rate of change of profit relates to sales Exercises provide examples of finding derivatives of various functions, often in applied contexts like profit, productivity, or economic indicators, and interpreting the results.

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112 views

Chapter 3: Differentials: 1. 2. F (X) (2x + 5) (3x - 4) 3. G (X) 4 4. H (X) (3

This chapter discusses techniques for taking derivatives of functions, including: - Using the product, quotient, chain and power rules - Taking derivatives of implicit functions - Finding rates of change, such as how the cost of production changes with increasing units - Interpreting derivatives in context, such as how the rate of change of profit relates to sales Exercises provide examples of finding derivatives of various functions, often in applied contexts like profit, productivity, or economic indicators, and interpreting the results.

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Hải Ñhật
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 3: DIFFERENTIALS

Exercise 1: Differentiate two ways: first, by using the Product Rule; then, by multiplying
the expressions before differentiating. Compare your results as a check.

1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 5 𝑥 6
2. f(x) = (2x + 5)(3x – 4)
3. g(x) = 4𝑥 2 (𝑥 3 + 5x)
4. h(x) = (3√𝑥 + 2) 𝑥 2

Exercise 2: Differentiate two ways: first, by using the Quotient Rule; then, by dividing the
expressions before differentiating. Compare your results as a check

𝑥7
1. 𝑦 =
𝑥3
𝑡 2 −25
2. 𝑦 =
𝑡−25

Exercise 3: Consider

6𝑥 + 1 2
g(x) = ( )
2𝑥 − 5

a, Find g’(x) using the Extended Power Rule.

36𝑥 2 +12𝑥+ 1
b) Note that g(x) = Find g’(x) using the Quotient Rule.
4𝑥 2 −20𝑥+25

c) Compare your answers to parts (a) and (b). Which approach was easier, and why?

Exercise 4:

Summertime Fabrics finds that the cost, in dollars, of producing jackets is given by

C(x) = 15√𝑥 + 950

Find the rate at which the average cost is changing when 400 jackets have been produced
Exercise 5:

Sparkle Pottery has determined that the cost, in dollars, of producing vases is given by

C(x) = 4300 + 2.1𝑥 0.6

If the revenue from the sale of vases is given by R(x)= 65𝑥 0.9 find the rate at which the
average profit per vase is changing when 50 vases have been made and sold.

Exercise 6:

The U.S. gross domestic product (in billions of dollars) can be approximated using the
function P(t) where t is the number of the years since 1960

a) Find P’(t)
b) Find P’(45)
c) In words, explain what P’(45) means.

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
Exercise 7: Find ; and
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

a, y = u50 and u = 4𝑥 3 - 2𝑥 2
𝑢+1
b, y = and u = 1 + √𝑥
𝑢−1

Exercise 8: A total-cost function is given by

C(x) = 2000(𝑥 2 + 2)1/3 + 700

where is the total cost, in thousands of dollars, of producing items. Find the rate at which
total cost is changing when 20 items have been produced.

Exercise 9:

If $1000 is invested at interest rate i, compounded quarterly, in 5 yr it will grow to an


𝑖 20
amount, A, given by A = 1000(1 + )
4

a, Find the rate of change, dA/di

b) Interpret the meaning of dA/di

Exercise 10:

A company is selling laptop computers. It determines that its total profit, in dollars, is given
by P(x) = 0.08𝑥 2 + 80x

where x is the number of units produced and sold. Suppose that x is a function of time, in
months where x = 5t+1

a) Find the total profit as a function of time t.


b) Find the rate of change of total profit when t = 48 months

Exercise 11:

The demand, D, for a new rollerballpen is given by D = 0.007𝑝4 - 0.5𝑝2 + 150p

where p is the price in dollars.

a) Find the rate of change of quantity with respect to price, dD/dp

b) How many units will consumers want to buy when the price is $25 per unit?
c) Find the rate of change at p = 25 and interpret this result.

d) Would you expect dD/dp to be positive or negative? Why?

Exercise 12:

An employee’s monthly productivity, M, in number of units produced, is found to be a


function of the number of years of service, t. For a certain product, the productivity function
is given by

M(t) = -2𝑡 2 – 100t + 180

a) Find the productivity of an employee after 5 yr, 10 yr, 25 yr, and 45 yr of service.

b) Find the marginal productivity.

c) Find the marginal productivity at t = 5, t = 10, t = 25, t = 45 and interpret the results.

IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION

Exercise 13:

Differentiate implicitly to find dy/dx. then find the slope of the curve at the given point.

a, 𝑥 3 + 2𝑦 6 = 6; at (2, - 1)

b, 3𝑥 2 2𝑦 4 =12; at (2, - 1)

c, 4𝑥 3 - 𝑦 4 - 3y + 5x + 1 = 0; at (1, - 2)

Exercise 14:

Differentiate implicitly to find dy/dx.

a, 𝑥 2 + 2xy = 3𝑦 2

b, 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 5 𝑦 3 = - 19

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