CLUE WORDS

Listen and repeat

food & drinks

Beef Steak Bread Cake Cheese

Cheese

Coffee French Fries Fried Chicken Hamburger

Beer Butter Chocolate Bar Cookies

Cream Cheese Doughnut Fish Hot Dog

Hot Sauce Ice Cream Bar Ice Cream Cone Iced Tea

2
 Jam Jell-O /Jelly Juice Ketchup

Lemonade Mayonnaise Milk Mustard

Peanuts Pepper Pizza Pop Corn

Potato Chips Rice Salad Salt

Sandwich Soda Soup Sour Cream

Spaghetti Sugar Water Wine

3
ACTIVITY
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CHART.
I like I don´t like
I like pizza I don’t like wine

What about a cheeseburger?

Listen and repeat

Lia: Dexter I’m starving, what can you cook for me?
Dexter: What about a juicy cheeseburger?
Lia: Sounds delicious. I have some ground meat in the
refrigerator, but I don’t have any cheese or bread.
Dexter: Do you have something to drink?
Lia: Yes, I have some soda and a few beers, but I don’t have lemonade.
Dexter: All right, so let’s get what we need
Lia: We could also get some potato salad.
Dexter: Sure, I love it.

4
A LITTLE GRAMMAR:
COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS
Countable Nouns Uncountable Nouns

Countable nouns can have a/an or the Uncountable nouns can’t have a/an
before and can be used both in the before them and can’t be used in the plural.
singular and the plural. Example: The furniture was ugly but
Example: There’s a plate, three spoons practical. They gave me money to get more.
and a cup on the table.

SOME AND ANY.

SOME
Countable Nouns ANY Nouns
Uncountable
Be careful not to confuse these two words.
Is used in affirmative sentences Is used in negative
Examples: sentences
I need some help. Example:I don’t have any money left.
Sometimes is used in questions,
especially when the speaker thinks is used in questions
the answer will be yes
Examples: Example:
Can I borrow some of your books? do you have any money?
Yes, indeed.

You can use some with plural You can use any with plural
countable nouns and with countable nouns and with
uncountable nouns uncountable nouns
Examples: Examples:
There are some cookies left Are there any cookies left?
I need some sugar to make the Is there any water left?
cookies

5
ACTIVITY:
Complete the following conversation with some or any.

Lia: There’s _______ potato salad in the cafeteria.

Dexter : No way! I don´t want ______ celery in my salad but, we could put ______ apples in it.
Dexter: You have enough potatoes at home, we could make _______.
De xter: Great! Do you have ______ low fat mayonnaise at home?
Lia: No, I don’t have _______. Let’s buy _______ . We also need to get _____ onions.
Dexter: No please! I don’t want ______ onions, I hate them!!!
Lia: Then get _______ celery and carrots instead .
Lia: Apples. That sounds weird!

ACTIVITY:
Choose from the given vocabulary and make a list of the countable and the uncountable nouns
Count Uncount
Cookies Rice

6
PHONETICS:
Listen and repeat
Notice the stresses word.
SENTENCE STRESS

A What does she need to make the dough?

B She needs some flour and some yeast.

A Do you need any fruit?

B Yes. I want some bananas.

CULTURE FLASH
Listen and repeat

COMMON MEALS AND DRINKS IN OTHER COUNTRIES.

Colombia The U.S.A Mexico Japan
 Soup  Eggs  Corn tortillas  Rice
 Rice  Bacon  Beans  Fish
 Fish  Steaks  Sweet bread  Soups
 Beef  Toast with butter  Coffee with milk
 Pork  Pancakes with  Seafood
 Peppers Pickles
 Potatoes maple syrup 
 Grains (lentils,  Pizza
 Fresh fruits  Green tea
 Orange juice
 Rice  Sake
beans)  Coffee  Beer
 Tropical fruits  Jam / jelly
 Rum  Whiskey /
Bourbon

8
A LITTLE GRAMMAR:
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
Adverbs of Frequency answer the question "How often?" or "How frequently?"
They tell us how often somebody does something.

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
100% 50% 0%
Always Sometimes
Occasionally
Usually Rarely Never
Frequently Seldom
Often Hardly ever
I always eat veggies I sometimes eat veggies
I usually eat veggies sometimes I eat veggies I never eat veggies
I often eat veggies I hardly ever eat veggies
Do you ever have fish or
seafood for breakfast?
Yes, I always do (100%)
Sometimes I do (50%)
No, I never do. (0%)

Adverbs of frequency come before the main verb (except the main verb "to be"):

We usually go shopping on Saturday.

I often eat lunch at noon.
She is always late.

Notice:
Occasionally, sometimes, often, frequently and usually can also go
at the beginning or end of a sentence:

Occasionally, I play tennis.

I play tennis occasionally.
Notice: Rarely and seldom can also go at the end of a sentence (often with "very"):
We see them rarely.
John eats meat very seldom.

9
ACTIVITY
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ADVERB. THEN PRACTICE WITH A PARTNER.

Nancy and I (30% / never, frequently, occasionally) ______________ go out for

1.
coffee together.

2. Andrea (90% / usually; sometimes, rarely) ____________ has ice-cream for dessert.

3. I (20% / never, often, hardly ever) _________________ drive my car to work.

4. My sister eats vegetables (20% / usually, very seldom)________________ .

5. It (0% / never, always, sometimes) _____________ does not rain here in the summer.

(50% / sometimes, never, rarely) ______________ we take the dog off

6.
his leash at the beach.

My boyfriend and I take vacations together quite ________________ (85% / never,

7.
hardly ever, frequently).

10
ACTIVITY
Ask your partner the questions below and write down their answers to complete the food questionnaire

5. How often do you drink water?

8. What kind of food do you like?

9. What kind of food you don’t like?

11
CLUE WORDS
Listen and repeat
SPORTS

american football baseball basketball bowling

bike riding run walk golf

ice hockey mountain bike Rugby Sail

Ski soccer (us) football (uk) Surf Swim

table tennis / ping pong Tennis Volleyball

13
 PEOPLE PLAY PEOPLE GO
Soccer Bowling
Golf Bike riding
American football Running
Baseball Walking
Basketball Mountain biking
Ice hockey Sailing
Rugby Skiing
Table tennis Surfing
Tennis Swimming
Volleyball

ACTIVITY
make a list of the sports that you like and practice and of the sports that you like to watch

I LIKE AND PRACTICE LIKE TO WATCH

Soccer Baseball

14
DIALOGUE:
Listen and repeat

I ENJOY WATCHING SPORTS ON T.V?

Bret: Well, in summer we play basketball and soccer, in spring we enjoy a

lot playing golf, in the fall we have fun playing football and in winter we
go skiing.
Justin: Wow, you’re really a good sportsman!
Bret: I do my best. And what about you Justin, what sport do you like?
Justin: I also like sports, especially soccer and tennis.
Bret: When do you play these sports?
Justin: Mmmmm, I don’t play these sports. I enjoy watching them on T.V

CLASS ACTIVITY:
Practice the dialogue with a partner, and then tell your partner what do you do in you free time.
A LITTLE GRAMMAR:
Listen and repeat

Simple Present Wh- Questions

What sports do you play? I play tennis, soccer and basketball.
Who do you play tennis with? I usually play tennis with some friends.
Where do you play tennis? We play tennis at Hills Tennis Club.
How often do you play tennis? We try to play tennis at least twice a week
When do you practice? We play tennis especially on Friday and Saturday
What time do you start practicing? We try to start at 6 o’clock in the morning

15
ACTIVITY
complete the conversations with the correct Wh- question word. Practice with your classmates

a. My brother is a great sportsman, he really enjoys practicing sports.

b. Really. What sports does he like?

a. He likes to practice beach volleyball and rugby.

b. ___________ does he usually play rugby?

a. I believe he practices rugby at the public stadium.

b. It’s a great field. And __________ does he play beach

volleyball?

a. He always plays beach volleyball in South Beach.

b. Really, __________ does he play there?

a. He tries to do it every Sunday in the afternoon.

PHONETICS:
Listen and repeat
NOTICE THE PRONUNCIATION OF CAN AND CAN’T

CAN: /kan/ UK: / kaen/ US: Can’t ( cannot)

ka:nt / kaent/ US

Examples: I can dance, but i can’t sing.

Michelle can dance salsa, but she can’t dence hip hop

16
A LITTLE GRAMMAR:
Listen and repeat
can
“can “ is one or the most commonly used modal verbs in English. It can be used to express ability
or opportunity, and to show possibility or impossibility.

example:

I can ride a horse ( ability)

we can stay with my brother when we are in paris ( opportunity)
she can’t stay out after 10. pm ( permission)
can you hand me the stapler? ( request)
any child can grow up to be president ( possibility)
that can’t be true ( impossibility )
can i help you ( offers)

subjet auxiliary main

verb verb
+ I can play soccer

cannot

- she drive a car

can’t

? can you hear me?

17
ACTIVITY
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
a. a.Can you eat more than five hamburgers?

b. b.Can your sister speak Chinese?

c. I can’t play the guitar. What about you?

d. During summer you can’t go skiing. When can you ski?

e. A chef can cook. What can a teacher do?

18
CLUE WORDS

Athletic: Artistic:
Ride a horse, surf, go Play the guitar,
running, play ping pong, do draw, paint
gymnastics, ride a bike, go pictures, play the
trekking. violin, sing, dance.

TALENTS
AND
ABILITIES
Technical: Other:
Cook delicious
Fix a car or a
dishes, bake bread
motorcycle, design and cakes, play
a web page, build a chess, tell good
house. jokes, watch T.V.

READING:
SWIMMING CLASSES BEGIN SOON

Summer is almost here, which means it is time to sign your kids up for swim classes again at the Community
Pool. Classes begin on Monday, May 1,st and will continue throughout the summer. Fifteen swim classes are
being offered. Each class lasts ten hours. A new class starts each week of the summer. Each class costs $20. The
pool is big enough for six students per class.

Classes will increase in difficulty each week. The first week is for children up to six years old. The last week is
for advanced swimmers who want to improve their race and endurance skills.

Students can sign up for as many classes as they like, but they must pass the skills level test. For example,
students who sign up for Level 4 (Stroke Readiness) must show their certificate for completing Level 3 or must
demonstrate the front crawl and backstroke. Children cannot sign up for a level they are not ready for.
th th
Children who have never attended Community Pool classes must show up April 29 or 30 for a swim skills
evaluation. Instructors will rate the students and assign them to a particular skill level.
19
 Swim classes are fun for all. Children learn new skills and make new friends. Parents get to meet other
parents in the community. Swimming, like bicycling, is a healthy and valuable skill that, once learned, is
never forgotten.

“It's a joy to teach young children,” said Ginger, the lead instructor for swimming programs. “More than half
of them are terrified when we put them into the water the first time. Two months later, they're begging their
parents to go to the pool every day.”

read and answer the following Yes/No questions.

a. Is summer almost over?

b. Is it time to sign your kids up for swim classes?

c. Is the community pool offering swim classes?

d. Do classes begin on Monday, May 15th?

e. Does a new swim class start every day?

f. Do classes cost $20 each?

g. Is the maximum number of students six per class?

h. Do classes get harder every week?

i. Is the first week for six-year-old children?

20
CLUE WORDS:
DATES AND MONTHS OF THE YEAR
The months of the year

DATES (ordinal numbers from 1 to 1.000.000)

1st first 11th eleventh 21st twenty first 31st thirty first
2nd second 12th twelfth 22nd twenty second 40th fortieth
3rd third 13th thirteenth 23rd twenty third 50th fiftieth
24th twenty fourth 60th sixtieth
4th fourth 14th fourteenth 70th seventieth
25th twenty fifth
5th fifth 15th fifteenth 80th eightieth
26th twenty sixth
6th sixth 16th sixteenth 27th twenty seventh 90th ninetieth
7th seventh 17th seventeenth 28th twenty eighth 100th one hundredth
8th eighth 18th eighteenth 29th twenty ninth 1000th one thousandth
19th nineteenth 1000000 one millionth
9th ninth 30th thirtieth
10th tenth 20th twentieth

When is your birthday?

My birthday is on March 22nd.

When is the next quiz?

The next quiz is on April 30th.

What is today’s date?

Today's date is Friday, July 30th of 2010.

22
DIALOGUE:
Listen and repeat
What are you going to do this weekend?

Jacob: What are you going to do this weekend?

Dafne: Nothing exciting. Maybe go to the movies with some friends.
Jacob: Well. I’d like to invite you to my birthday celebration party.
Dafne: Fabulous. When is your birthday?
Jacob: It’s on September 24th, next Saturday.
Dafne: And what are your plans for this weekend?
Jacob: I’m going out to have dinner with my parents, and then I’m
going to have a party at home.
Dafne: Great, I bring the cake, so we can sing the ¨Happy Birthday¨.
Jacob: Thank you, that would be nice.
Dafne: See you then. Bye
Jacob: Bye

23
A LITTLE GRAMMAR:
Listen and repeat

FUTURE SIMPLE WITH GOING TO

Use of going to Future

To make a verb form with “be going to”, you first put “be” into the correct form to
agree with the subject, and then add “going to” + the simple form of the verb.
Note also that the “be” form is often shortened.
An action in the near future that has already been planned or prepared.
Example: I am going to study harder next year.
A conclusion regarding the immediate future.
Example: The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to rain.
.
Clue Words: in one year, next week, tomorrows:
EXAMPLE
Jeremy is going to get his new house in one year.
My parents are going to celebrate his anniversary next week.
Our teacher is going to be absent tomorrow.

ACTIVITY
Write affirmative sentences with going to future using the given words.

1 You / to dance: You’re going to dance with Derek at the party.

2 I / to work:
3 It / to rain:
4 They / to ask:
5 He / to stay:
6 We / to speak:
7 I / to give:
8 She / to try:
9 They / to help:
10 He / to push:
24
ACTIVITY
What are these people going to do this weekend? Write sentences, and then compare
them with your classmates.

CULTURE FLASH
Listen and repeat
Most popular holidays in the U.S

HOLIDAYS IN THE US
New year’s Valentine’s Independence Halloween Thanksgiving Christmas
day Day Day th st th
st
January 1
th
February 14 July 4 October 31 Fourth Thursday December 25
in November

25
DIALOGUE:
Listen and repeat

MERRY CHRISTMAS!

Brad: So, Juliet, what are you going to do for Christmas?

Juliet: I’m going out to have dinner with my family.
Brad: Nice, where are you going to eat?
Juliet: Bistro, it’s my father’s favorite restaurant. It’s pretty good and they serve a
delicious stuffed turkey.
Brad: What a coincidence, my family and I are going to eat there as well.
Juliet: Well Brad, see you there on Christmas

A LITTLE GRAMMAR:
Listen and repeat

WH- QUESTIONS WITH GOING TO

What are you going to do for Christmas? Who’s going to be with you?
I’m going to have dinner with my family. My parents and my girlfriend are
going to be with me.
I’m not going to the party.
My brother isn’t going to be there.

Where are you going to go tomorrow night? How are you going to get to the club?
We’re going to go to the discotheque.
We’re are going to take a cab.
We’re not going to the movies.
We’re not going to take a bus.

26
ACTIVITY
Put the verbs into the correct form (future I). Use going to.

1. It (rain) ___________________.
2. They (eat) ___________ beef stew.
3. I (wear) _______________ blue shoes tonight.
4. We (not / help) ________________ you.
5. Jack (not / walk) __________________ home.
6. (cook / you) _______________________ dinner?
7. Sue (share / not) ______________________ her biscuits.
8. (leave / they) ________________________ the house?
9. (take part / she) _______________________ in the contest?
10. I (not / spend) _________________________ my holiday abroad this year.

CLASS ACTIVITY:
talk with your classmates about your plans for the next weekend.

CULTURE FLASH:
Listen and repeat HOLIDAYS IN YOUR COUNTRY
Think about a special festival or holiday in your country and answer the questions.
1. What is the festival or holiday?

2. When is it?

3. What are you going to do?

4. Who is going to be there?

5. When are you going to go?

27
READING
WHAT DOES THE WORD “CHRISTMAS” MEAN

The word Christmas is taken from “Christ's

Mass” or, in the original Latin, Italica
maesse. Christians celebrate the birth of
Jesus on this day.

Is Christmas only a religious holiday?

Certainly, for practicing Christians around Why do people give gifts on Christmas day?
the world, Christmas is one the most This tradition most probably is based on the
important holiday of the year. However, in story of the three wise men (the Magi) giving
modern times traditional Christmas gifts of gold, incense and myrrh following
festivities have become much less related to the birth of Jesus.
the Christ story. Examples of these other However, it is important to note that gift
traditions include: Santa Claus, Rudolf the giving has only become popular in the last
Red Nose Reindeer and others. 100 years as figures such as Santa Claus
have come to be more important, and
Why is Christmas so important? emphasis has been shifted to giving gifts to
There are approximately 1.8 billion children.
Christians in a total world population of 5.5
billion, making it the largest religion Why is there a Christmas Tree?
worldwide. This tradition was begun in Germany.
And, some think more importantly, German immigrants moving to England and
Christmas is the most important shopping the USA brought this popular tradition with
event of the year. It is claimed that up to 70 them and it has since become a much loved
percent of many merchants' annual revenue tradition for all.
is made during the Christmas season. It is
interesting to note that this emphasis on
spending is relatively modern. Christmas
was a relatively quiet holiday in the USA
until the 1860s.

28
 Christmas Traditions Quiz
Answer the following questions about Christmas based on the reading comprehension about
Christmas Traditions. Choose the correct answer, each question has only one correct answer.

What does the word 'Christmas' mean?

_X_ Christ's Mass
___ Many Christians
___ Birth of Jesus

Is Christmas only a religious holiday?

___ Yes, it is strictly a religious holiday.
___ No, it is based on religious traditions, but there are also other traditions.

___ No, it is strictly a non-religious fun holiday.

Which is NOT a reason for Christmas' popularity?

___ It is celebrated by one of the largest religions worldwide.
___ It is an important holiday for business.
___ It is a traditional exam period at universities.

Why do people give gifts on Christmas day?

___ Christ suggested it.
___ The tradition was probably based on the story of the three wise men.
___ Rudolf the Red-nosed Reindeer started the tradition.

Why is there a Christmas Tree?

___ It is a tradition introduced by the American Indians.
___ The pilgrims brought the tradition with them from England.
___ It is a tradition begun in Germany

29
CLUE WORDS:
Listen and repeat

THE PARTS OF THE BODY

1 forehead 1
2 eyebrows
3 Cheek 2
6 3
5
4 Chin 4
5 Tooth
6 eye lashes
CLASS ACTIVITY:
After practicing with your classmates, close your book. Tell them to point to the parts of the body
31
DIALOGUE:
Listen and repeat

I DON’T FEEL WELL.

Rachel: Hi, Lindsay, what’s up?

Lindsay: Hey, Rachel. I don’t feel well.
Rachel: What’s wrong?
Lindsay: I don’t know. I feel dizzy and I have a
stomachache and a headache.
Rachel: Maybe you have the flu.
Lindsay: I’m going to see the doctor at 10 am.
Rachel: Ok, Rachel, I have to go. Get well soon.
Lindsay: Thanks Rachel, Bye.

A LITTLE GRAMMAR:
Listen and repeat

HAVE + NOUN; FEEL + ADJECTIVE

Have + noun; feel + adjective

What’s wrong? How are you? Negative Adjectives Positive Adjectives
What’s the matter? How do you feel? Fine
Sick
I have a headache I feel dizzy Awful Great
I have a stomachache I don’t feel well Terrible Terrific
I feel sick Miserable Fantastic
I have the flu
I feel better
VERB TO HAVE
I have (I don’t have)
You have (you don’t have) We have (we don’t have)
He has (he doesn’t have) You have (you don’t have)
She has (she doesn’t have) They have (they don’t have)
It has (it doesn’t have)
32
CLUE WORDS:
complete and practice¨ He has a sore throat¨

He has a sore throat ________ a flu ________ a headache ______ a stomachache

a toothache fever a cough a cold

ACTIVITY
Act out a health problem, let your classmates guess the problem.

Example:
a What’s the matter? Do you have an earache?
b No, I don’t.
a Do you have a flu?.
b Yes, I do.

CLUE WORDS:
THE MEDICINE CABINET
COMMON MEDICATIONS
What medications do you have in your medicine cabinet? What are these medicastions for?
Aspirin Headache
Cough drops Cough, cold, fever
Cough syrup
Cold pills Cough, cold, fever
Antacid Stomachache
Eye drops Sore eye
Band aids Cuts
33
DIALOGUE:
Listen and repeat
Take it easy!
Dr. West: Mrs. Simmons. How are you today?
Mrs. Simmons: Not very good.
Dr. West: Tell me, what’s the matter?
Mrs. Simmons: I have a backache since Monday. I feel very tired.
Dr. West: Mmm! Let’s take a look at you.

Minutes later

Dr. West: Ok. Mrs. Simmons. You have a swollen muscle in your
neck. I’m going to give you some pain killers. Take
three pills, after the meals.
Mrs. Simmons: OK.
Dr. West: Also I’m going to give you a medical disability for a
couple of days, so you can get a good rest.
Mrs. Simmons: But I have to work!
Dr. West: Take it easy. You need to rest if you want to feel better.
Mrs. Simmons: All right. Thank you Doctor.
Dr. West: You’re welcome Mrs. Simmons.
Read the Take it Easy dialogue and pay attention to the sentence intonation.

PHONETICS:
Listen and repeat
Sentence intonation

Take an aspirin. Don’t drink coffee, drink water.

Go to rest. Don’t work too late.

Use some insect repellent. Do not work this weekend.

34
A LITTLE GRAMMAR:
Listen and repeat

THE IMPERATIVE
Take that chewing gum out of your mouth.
We can use the imperative to give a direct order. Stand up straight.
Give me the details.
Open your book.
We can use the imperative to give instructions. Take three tablets every day.
Take a left.
Come in and sit down.
We can use the imperative to make an invitation. Please start without me. I´m busy.
Have a slice of this pizza. It´s delicious.
Push.
We can use the imperative on signs and notices. Do not open.
Insert one dollar.
Speak to him. Tell him how you feel.
We can use the imperative to give friendly informal Have a quiet word with her about it.
advice. Don't go. Stay at home and rest up. Get some
sleep and recover.
We can make the imperative 'more polite' by Do be quiet.
Do come.
adding 'do'. Do sit down.

ACTIVITY
write two sentences of each use of the imperative, and then share them with your classmates.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
35
READING:
FIVE TIPS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

3
2

36
 4 EXERCISE.
Keeping physically active is a very
important part of a healthy
5 REDUCE STRESS.
These days, we all suffer from various
degrees of stress. Balancing work and
lifestyle. Some people spend a few hours per family lives can be difficult, and financial and
week in a gym, but you don't necessarily social difficulties can make life a struggle. Try to
need to spend a lot of money to keep active. recognize when you are suffering from stress.
Cycling, swimming, jogging or even a walk Common symptoms include headaches,
can all serve as providing you with healthy irritability, difficulty sleeping and poor
exercise. As one gets older, keeping active concentration. Sometimes people find that they
helps prevent osteoporosis (thinning of the are smoking more or drinking more alcohol to
bones) and osteoarthritis (wear and tear of ease their stresses, but this is a dangerous path
the joints), as well as reducing you risk of which can lead to severe health problems.
developing high blood pressure and heart
disease.
ACTIVITY
What do you do to be a healthy person? Do you practice any sport or activity to be on shape?
Make a list of what you do, and then discuss with your classmates.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
37
CLUE WORDS:
Listen and repeat

PLACES AND THINGS

You can buy the following items in different places. Match each item with the correct place.
Write the number aside the name.

Baseball Ball_____ Book_______ Bycicle________ Milk______

Aspirin______ Bread______ Tools________ Fish________

Jeans______ Shoes_______ Ring________ Hamburger_______

Computer______ Car_______ Bottle of Beef Steak______

Tequila_______

Camcorder______ Pencil

Butchery(1) Liquor store(7) Department store(12)

Supermarket(2) Car dealer(8) (appliances)
Fast food restaurant(3) Drugstore(13)
Pet store(4) Bakery(9)
Bookstore(14)
Department store Hardware store(10) Jewelry(15)
(sports)(5)
Shoe store(6 Clothing store(11) Stationary shop(16)

39
DIALOGUE:
Listen and repeat
IT´S NEAR THE DRUGSTORE

Mr. Richardson: Good morning officer.

Officer Palmer: Good morning sir.
Mr. Richardson: Do you know where the City Wax Museum is?
Officer Palmer: The museum is next to Chez Olivier restaurant, on 15th Avenue.
Mr. Richardson: Can you tell us how to get there. ?
Officer Palmer: Of course! Go down three blocks and then go left on 15th Avenue.
The museum is just in front of Saint Louis Church, next to Chez Olivier. You
can’t miss it.
Mr. Richardson: Officer. You’re very kind, we appreciate your help.
Officer Palmer: You’re welcome sir. Have a nice day.
Mr. Richardson: You too. Thanks.

DIALOGUE:
Listen and repeat

COMPOUND SOUNDS
Notice the stresses in these compound nouns. Then practice with your classmates.

Post office Flea market Sushi bar Living room

Bookstore Drugstore Department store Supermarket

40
A LITTLE GRAMMAR:
Listen and repeat
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
The prepositions of place indicate localization of an object.
Example: The book is on the table.
PREPOSITIONS IN, ON, AT (place prepositions)
IN: Use 'in' with spaces: AT: Use 'at' with places: ON: Use 'on' with surfaces:
in a room / in a building at the bus - stop on the ceiling / on the wall /
in a garden / in a park at the door on the floor/on the table
Use 'in' with bodies at the cinema Use 'on' with small islands:
of water: at the end of the I stayed on Maui.
in the water street Use 'on' with
in the sea Use 'at' with
in a river Directions:
places on a page: on the left
Use 'in' with lines: at the top of the page on the right
in a row / in a line at the bottom of the page straight on
in a queue Use 'at' in groups of people: on main street
at the back of the class
at the front of the class

IMPORTANT NOTES
In / at / on the corner
We say “in the corner of a room”, but “at the corner (or 'on the corner') of a street”
In / at / on the front
1. We say “in the front / in the back”of a car.
2. We say “at the front / at the back”of buildings / groups of people.
3. We say “on the front / on the back” of a piece of paper.

ACTIVITY
Complete with IN, ON or AT.
1. What do you have in your hands?
2. Jack is waiting _____ the bottom of the stairs.
3. Our seats are _____ the third row.
4. Turn left _____ the lights.
5. He's sitting ______ the chair next to the piano.
6. The label is _____ the bottle.
41
 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE:
Near, next to, past, across, inside, outside, under, over, in front of, behind, between,
among, into, out, towards, away.

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

The happy face is The happy face is under

near the box the bridge
The happy face is among
the boxes

The happy face is next

to the box The happy face is walking The happy face is walking
across the bridge into the box

The happy face is walking

past the box
The happy face is walking
The happy face is in front out of the box
of the box

The happy face is

over the box

The happy face is walking

The happy face is behind towards the box
The happy face is the box
inside the box

The happy face is between

The happy face is two boxes
outside the box The happy face is walking
away from the box
42
ACTIVITY
Where is the_________? Answer using the prepositions of place.
first Avenue

Memorial Drive
Women’s Sporting
Jewelry Store
Wear Goods
Fire Deparament Police Station
Italian Furniture
Restaurant
Main Street
Toy Store Chinese restaurant Bar men’s Book
Forest Street

Pine Street
wear Store

Oak street
Movie
Second Avenue theater

Beech Way
Train Station

1.Where is the bar?

It’s next to the Chinese restaurant. On Main Street.
2.Where is the movie theater?

3.Where is the Police Station?

4.Where is the Bookstore?

5.Where is the jewelry store?

43
CULTURE FLASH:
Listen and repeat

TOURIST ATTRACTIONS AROUND THE WORLD.

The Eiffel Tower The Statue of Liberty The Galapagos Islands The Mount Fuji

The Red Square El Prado Museum Salt Cathedral The Pantheon

Of Zipaquirá

The Grand Canyon Chinese Great Wall The Golden The Big Ben
Gate Bridge

45
CLASS ACTIVITY:
DISCUSS ABOUT THE QUESTIONS WITH YOUR CLASSMATES.
1. Do you know where these places are? Do you know something about them?
2. What are the tourist attractions in your city and country?

DIALOGUE:
Listen and repeat

It’s really close, you can’t miss it!

Tourist: Sorry ma’am. Can you help me?

Woman: Of course! What can I do for you sir?
Tourist: I’m trying to get to The City Hall. Can you tell me how do I get there?
Woman: Just walk down 2nd Street to Capital Avenue.
Tourist: Is it near downtown metro station?
Woman: Yes, it’s just in front of the metro station. Across Capital square.
Tourist: Thank you very much. And where is the Cathedral?
Woman: It’s on State Avenue. It’s really close, you can’t miss it!
Tourist: Have a nice day ma’am.
Woman: You too sir.

46
READING:

The Houses of Parliament & "Big Ben"

Guarded over by "Big Ben" (the world's most
famous timepiece), the former royal Palace of
London (In One Day) Westminster shelters both the House of Lords
Touring London in a day seems ridiculous at and the House of Commons and has done so
first, considering that it's a sprawling since the 11th century. If you feel you've missed
metropolis filled with treasures, but it can be something, duck into the Jewel Tower across the
done if you get an early start and have a street, one of only two surviving buildings from
certain discipline, plus a lot of stamina. the medieval Palace of Westminster. Here you
can see an exhibition of the history of
Parliament and even use a touch-screen
computer that takes you on a virtual tour of
both Houses of Parliament.
Continue walking north along Whitehall until
you reach

Westminster Abbey No. 10 Downing St.

This early English Gothic abbey is the shrine Hang a left and look down Downing Street to
of the nation, and most of England's kings number 10, flanked by policemen. Because of
and queens have been crowned here -- and security concerns, it is no longer possible to walk
many are buried here as well. We always like down the street -- you can only look down it
to get here when it opens at 9:30 am before through the gates on Whitehall. The official
the crowds descend. residence of the prime minister isn't much of a
sight and is rather modest, but it's been the
home of everybody from Sir Winston Churchill
to Margaret Thatcher.
After that look, continue north to:
47
Trafalgar Square
The hub of London, this is Britain's most Covent Garden
famous square and the scene of many a The old fruit-and-vegetable market of Eliza
demonstration. A 44m (144-ft.) granite Doolittle fame is long gone, and the market has
statue of Horatio Viscount Nelson (1758- been recycled into one of the most bustling and
1805) dominates the square. As you walk exciting sections of London today. Begin with a
around this square, noting the ferocious walk around the Piazza, the center of Covent
pigeons "dive-bombing," you'll know that Garden. Immediately to the southeast of St.
you're in the very heart of London where Paul's you can enter the Jubilee Market and to
thousands amass on New Year's Eve to ring its immediate east the London Transport
in another year. Museum. After wandering around the gardens
Right on this square, you can enter the: and after a heavy morning of sightseeing, even
with a full English breakfast, you may be ready
for lunch. For our pounds sterling, there is no
better place for lunch in all of London than
Covent Garden.

National Gallery
On the north side of Trafalgar Square looms
this massive gallery. All the big names, from
Leonardo da Vinci to Rembrandt, from van
Gogh to Cézanne, strut their stuff here.
Displaying some of the most important art
ever created, the panoramic galleries cover 8
Take a Break at Porters English
centuries. This is one of the greatest art
museums on the planet. Restaurant
Directly north of Trafalgar Square, you enter We suggest a visit to our dear old friend, the
the precincts of: Earl of Bradford, who owns and runs this
48
venerable Covent Garden favorite. Try one of out of tour buses have departed. A first-time
Lady Bradford's old English pies, and finish off visitor to London wouldn't dare miss this old
with her fabled steamed pudding, made with symbol of blood and gore standing on the
ginger and banana. The day is marching on, Thames for 900 years. Many famous
and you should too if you want to take in more Englishmen have lost their heads at the Tower.
that London has to offer. At Covent Garden,
We like to begin our evening with a pint in an
take the Tube to Charring Cross Station to the
south of Covent Garden. After disembarking evocative London pub. Try one of the best and
here, prepare yourself for one of the grandest also one of the most famous:
strolls in all of Britain, walking west along:

Take a Break at Salisbury

This Art Nouveau pub is in the heart of the
The Mall & Buckingham Palace
theater district. You can enjoy a drink and a
A stroll along the Mall all the way west to
Buckingham Palace is the most aristocratic quick pub dinner of home-cooked pies or
walk in Britain. Passing King George IV's freshly made salads.
glorious Carlton House terrace on your right, before heading out to see the show of your
you can enjoy the same view Elizabeth II sees choice.
when she rides in her gilded "fairy-tale" coach
to open Parliament every year. After viewing
Buckingham Palace, walk along Constitution
Hill to the Tube stop at Hyde Park Corner. Once
there, head east for one big final attraction for
the afternoon:

A Night at a London Theater

Unless you've got your heart set on seeing a big
The Tower of London London hit, perhaps a musical, we suggest your
We prefer to visit this attraction later in the one-and-only night in London be spent at
afternoon, when some of the hordes pouring Shakespeare's Globe Theatre. This is a replica
49
ACTIVITY

after reading make a list of the different activities you can do in London as a tourist.

1.You can see a play in the London Theater.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

50
CLUE WORDS:
Listen and repeat
Tasks people usually don’t like to do on the weekend.

Do the laundry Mop the floor Exercise Clean the house

Do the lawn Go to a meeting Bath the dog Cook

CLASS ACTIVITY:
answer the questions, and then discuss with your classmates.
Do you do these things on the weekends?
What do you do on the weekends?

DIALOGUE:
Listen and repeat
I completely forgot to do it!
Samantha: Hi, Larry. How was your weekend? Did you have fun?
Amanda: Excellent. On Friday I went to a party with Jake. And on Saturday I went to the
movies with Pam and Helen.
Samantha: You had a very busy weekend. I had aboring weekend.
Amanda: How come?
Samantha: Because I spent most of the weekend studying mathematics.
I have an exam today.
Amanda: Oh my god! I forgot about it. I didn’t study anything. What
am I going to do?
Samantha: I can help you. We still have a few hours before the exam.
Amanda: I had such a great time that I completely forgot to do it.
52
CLASS ACTIVITY:
Simple Past Forms (REGULAR VERBS)
Most verbs conjugate by adding -ed like the verb "wait" below.

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I waited I did not wait Did I wait?
You waited You did not wait Did you wait?
He waited he did not wait Did he wait?
She waited she did not wait
Did she wait?
It waited it did not wait Did it wait?
We waited we did not wait Did we wait?
You waited you did not wait Did you wait?
They waited they Did not: wait Did they wait?
SPELLING:
Wat ch Stud y Sto p wat ched stud ied stopped
Dance Pl ay danced played

Uses of the past tense: Examples:

I finished work, walked to the beach, and found

1 Use
Completed Action in the Past
the Simple Past to express the idea
a nice place to swim.
He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked
that an action started and finished at a specific into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at
time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may 10:00.
not actually mention the specific time, but they Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then
do have one specific time in mind. add the eggs?

Examples: 3 Duration in Past

I saw a movie yesterday. The Simple Past can be used with a
I didn't see a play yesterday. duration which starts and stops in the past. A
Last year, I traveled to Japan. duration is a longer action often indicated by
expressions such as: for two years, for five
minutes, all day, all year, etc.

2 A Series of Completed Actions

We use the Simple Past to list a series Examples:
of completed actions in the past. These actions I lived in Brazil for two years.
happened 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on. Shauna studied Japanese for five years.
They sat at the beach all day.

53
 4 Habits in the Past
The Simple Past can also be used to
class began..." These clauses are called
when-clauses, and they are very
describe a habit which stopped in the important. The examples below contain
past. It can have the same meaning as "used when-clauses.
to." To make it clear that we are talking about
a habit, we often add expressions such as: Examples:
always, often, usually, never, when I was a When I paid her one dollar, she answered
child, when I was younger, etc. my question.
She answered my question when I paid her
Examples: one dollar.
I studied French when I was a child.
When-clauses are important because they
He played the violin when he was younger.
always happen first when both clauses are
They never went to school, they always skipped
in the Simple Past. Both of the examples
class.
above mean the same thing: first, I paid
her one dollar, and then, she answered my
5 Past Facts or Generalizations question. It is not important whether
The Simple Past can also be used to "when I paid her one dollar" is at the
describe past facts or generalizations which beginning of the sentence or at the end of
are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use the sentence. However, the example below
of the Simple Past is quite similar to the has a different meaning. First, she
expression "used to." answered my question, and then, I paid
her one dollar.
Examples:
She was shy as a child, but now she is very Example:
outgoing. I paid her one dollar when she answered
He didn't like tomatoes before. my question.
Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?
People paid much more to make cell phone
calls in the past.

6 IMPORTANT
When-Clauses Happen First
Clauses are groups of words which have
meaning but are often not complete sentences.
Some clauses begin with the words "when"
such as "when I dropped my pen..." or "when

54
ACTIVITY
Change the regular verbs in the following sentence into past tense.
1.Yesterday, I study with some classmates.

2.We walk around the park for 20 minutes in order to find our dog.

3.When we arrive at the restaurant, the place was full.

4.The waitress asks us if we have reservations.

5.I call my secretary to ask her your phone number.

6.The waitress name all the dishes in the menu.

7.My client and I slowly walk back to the car.

8.Suddenly, Rosemary scream very loud.

9.We stop in the grocery store and bought some sandwiches.

ACTIVITY
CORRECT THE MISTAKES IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES:
1.Last night, Samantha bakes pizza for supper.

2.Did you answered the questions?

3.Yesterday, I didn’t danced at the party. I felt dizzy.

4.This morning before coming to class, Jack study the lesson.

5.What show do you watched on T.V last night?

55
PHONETICS:

HOW DO WE PRONOUNCE THE -ED?

THE ANSWER IS IN THREE WAYS - / ID/ OR / T/ OR / D/
If the base verb ends in one of example example pronounce
extra syllable?
these sounds: base verb*: with -ed: the -ed:
unvoiced /t/ want wanted
/ Id/ YES
voiced /d/ end ended
/p/ hope hoped

/f/ laugh laughed

/s/ fax faxed
unvoiced / t/
S wash washed
NO
tS watch watched

/k/ like liked

play played
all other sounds,
voiced for example... allow allowed / d/
beg begged

Note:
that it is the sound that is important, not the letter or spelling. For example, "fax" ends in the
letter "x" but the sound /s/; "like" ends in the letter "e" but the sound /k/.

EXCEPTIONS:
The following -ed words used as adjectives are pronounced with /Id/:

Aged Dogged Ragged

Blessed Learned Wicked
Crooked Naked Wretched

56
 LIST OF REGULAR VERBS
There are thousands of regular verbs in English. This is a list of 600 of the more common regular
verbs. Note that there are some spelling variations in American English (for example, "practise"
becomes "practice" in American English.

A B branch clip
accept back breathe close
add bake bruise coach
admire balance brush coil
admit ban bubble collect
advice bang bump colour
afford bare burn comb
agree bat bury command
alert bathe buzz communicate
allow battle C compare
amuse beam calculate compete
analyze beg call complain
announce behave camp complete
annoy belong care concentrate
answer bleach carry concern
apologise bless carve confess
appear blind cause confuse
applaud blink challenge connect
appreciate blot change consider
approve blush charge consist
argue boast chase contain
arrange boil cheat continue
arrest bolt check copy
arrive bomb cheer correct
ask book chew cough
attach bore choke count
attack borrow chop cover
attempt bounce claim crack
attend bow clap crash
attract box clean crawl
avoid brake clear cross

57
crush drip fear guess
cry drop fence guide
cure drown fetch H
curl drum file hammer
curve dry fill hand
cycle dust film handle
D E fire hang
dam earn fit happen
damage educate fix harass
dance embarrass flap harm
dare employ flash hate
decay float haunt
deceive E flood head
decide empty flow heal
decorate encourage flower heap
delay end fold heat
delight enjoy follow help
deliver enter fool hook
depend entertain force hop
describe escape form hope
desert examine found hover
deserve excite frame hug
destroy excuse frighten hum
detect exercise fry hunt
develop exist G hurry
disagree expand gather I
disappear expect gaze identify
disapprove explain glow ignore
disarm explode glue imagine
discover extend grab impress
dislike F grate improve
divide face grease include
double fade greet increase
doubt fail grin influence
drag fancy grip inform
drain fasten groan inject
dream fax guarantee injure
dress guard
58
instruct lie N permit
intend lighten nail phone
interest like name pick
interfere list need pinch
interrupt listen nest pine
introduce live nod place
invent load note plan
invite lock notice plant
irritate long number play
itch look O please
love obey plug
J M object point
jail man observe poke
jam manage obtain polish
jog march occur pop
join mark offend possess
joke marry offer post
judge match open pour
juggle mate order practise
jump matter overflow pray
K measure owe preach
kick meddle own precede
kill melt prefer
P
kiss memorise prepare
pack
kneel mend present
paddle
knit milk preserve
paint
knock mine press
park
knot miss pretend
part
L mix prevent
pass
label moan prick
paste
land moor print
pat
last mourn produce
pause
laugh move program
peck
launch muddle promise
pedal
learn mug protect
peel
level multiply provide
peep
license murder pull
perform
lick pump
59
punch rescue shelter squeal
puncture retire shiver squeeze
punish return shock stain
push rhyme shop stamp
Q rinse shrug stare
question risk sigh start
queue rob sign stay
R rock signal steer
race roll sin step
radiate rot sip stir
rain rub ski stitch
raise ruin skip stop
reach rule slap store
realise rush slip strap
receive S slow strengthen
recognise sack smash stretch
record sail smell strip
reduce satisfy smile stroke
reflect save smoke stuff
refuse saw snatch subtract
regret scare sneeze succeed
reign scatter sniff suck
reject scold snore suffer
rejoice scorch snow suggest
relax scrape soak suit
release scratch soothe supply
rely scream sound support
remain screw spare suppose
remember scribble spark surprise
remind scrub sparkle surround
remove seal spell suspect
repair search spill suspend
repeat separate spoil switch
replace serve spot T
reply settle spray talk
report shade sprout tame
reproduce share squash tap
request shave squeak taste
60
tease test tick time
telephone thank tickle tip
tempt thaw tie tire
terrify touch
A LITTLE GRAMMAR:
Simple Past Forms (IRREGULAR VERBS)
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I did not run
I ran Did I run?
You did not run
You ran Did you run?
We did not run
We ran Did we run?
They did not run
They ran Did they run?
He did not run
He ran Did he run?
She did not run
She s ran Did she run?
It did not run
It ran Did it run?
Did not: didn’t
Irregular verbs in English have all its own form in the past tense
Activity: Fill in the missing forms of the irregular verbs in the sentences below
1. He (walk) _________ to school yesterday.
2. They (do) __________ their homework last night.
3. You (feel) ___________ lazy last week.
4. That woman (buy) ___________ a new book this morning.
5. This morning my teacher (teach) ___________ English.
6. I (eat) __________ a lot yesterday.
7. The gardener (cut) _________ the trees last month.
8. She (drink) __________ milk this morning.
9. Last month the man (ride) _________ a horse.
10. Sakda (go) __________ to Hong Kong last year.
11. The birds (fly) __________ in the sky this morning.
12. I (know) _______ Tom's house last year.
13. The joiner (make) ________ tables and chairs yesterday.
14. The farmer (grow) _________ rice last year.
15. The students (meet) _______ in the hall last week.
62
DIALOGUE:
Listen and repeat
DID YOU EAT IT?
Erick: Hello, Terry. What did you do on vacations?
Terry: I spent a couple of weeks traveling around South America.
Erick: Wow! What countries did you visit?
Terry: I visited five countries. All of them amazing places.
Erick: You had surprising adventures.
Terry: Yes. I had all kind of experiences.
I still remember when I had to eat a guinea pig in Ecuador.
Erick: Nasty! Did you eat it?
Terry: Yes, indeed!
And I really liked it. It had a delicious texture and flavor.
Erick: You´re a brave man. Would you do it again?
Terry: Yes, as many times as I had the opportunity.
Erick: And what are you going to do next summer.
Terry: I do not know yet.

A LITTLE GRAMMAR:
Listen and repeat

Simple Past Yes/No questions

Did you have fun last night? Did the secretary call the prime minister?
Yes, I did. I had a lot of fun at the party. No, he didn’t. He called the Senator.
Did you spend all your money? Did Sammy hit the ball?
Yes, I did. I spent all my money buying shoes. No, she didn’t hit it. He missed the ball twice.
Did Jerrydig this hole by himself? Did your teacher send me a note?
Yes, he did it. Hedug it himself. No, he didn’t send you a note.

63
ACTIVITY
Change the verbs in the following sentences into its correct form.
And then write the negative form if possible

1. Shirley goed to the mall with Emily and Jane.

Shirley went to the mall with Emily and Jane.

2. The ranger sees the grizzly like an hour ago.

3. The captain lead the team to the victory.

4. Alex becomed a doctor three years ago.

5. Did Jerry went to visit his grandparents?

6. Yesterday, I do my homework then I see a movie.

7. Terry, my neighbor finded a hundred dollar bill in the park.

8. Sue, Tommy and Kathy begin to play at 5 pm.

9. Spain beated Holland in the final of The World Cup.

10. Jeremy growed in Denmark, but he lives in Mexico for 25 years.

64
IRREGULAR VERBS:

Irregular verbs in English have all its own form in the past tense (don´t add ed,
unless it´s admitted)

65
66
What are you doing this summer?
Enjoy these fun summer activities with your kids

Crafts Color
A new craft every day. Free coloring sheets.

Snacks Site of the Day

Try a new snack every day. Surf the Net.

Games Explore
Bored? Try a new activity. Go somewhere fun.

Read Summer Sports

Curl up with a book Learn a new sport.

Clipart
Travel Games
Fun summer clipart.
Don't be bored on your trip.

Summer Jobs Camping

Earn some cash. Let's go camping!

Beach
Garden
Fun at the beach!
Get a green thumb.
Ice Cream
Mmmm ice cream!
67
Lesson 07:
CLUE WORDS:
Listen and repeat
NATIONALITIES
COUNTRY ADJECTIVE NOUN
Africa African an African
America American an American
Argentina Argentinian an Argentinian
Austria Austrian an Austrian
Australia Australian an Australian
Bangladesh Bangladeshi a Bangladeshi
Belgium Belgian a Belgian
Brazil Brazilian a Brazilian
Britain British a Briton
Cambodia Cambodian a Cambodian
Chile Chilean a Chilean
China Chinese a Chinese
Colombia Colombian a Colombian
Croatia Croatian a Croat
the Czech Republic Czech a Czech
Denmark Danish a Dane
Ecuador Ecuadorian an Ecuadorian
Egypt Egyptian an Egyptian
England English an Englishman / an Englishwoman
Finland Finnish a Finn
France French a Frenchman / a Frenchwoman
Germany German a German
Greece Greek a Greek
Holland Dutch a Dutchman / a Dutchwoman
Hungary Hungarian a Hungarian
Iceland Icelandic an Icelander
India Indian an Indian
Indonesia Indonesian an Indonesian
Iran Iranian an Iranian
Iraq Iraqi an Iraqi
Ireland Irish an Irishman / an Irishwoman
Israel Israeli an Israeli
Italy Italian an Italian
Jamaica Jamaican a Jamaican
Japan Japanese a Japanese
Korea Korean a Korean
Mexico Mexican a Mexican
Morocco Moroccan a Moroccan
Norway Norwegian a Norwegian
Peru Peruvian a Peruvian
the Philippines Philippine a Filipino
Poland Polish a Pole
Portugal Portuguese a Portuguese
Rumania Rumanian a Rumanian
Russia Russian a Russian
Saudi Arabia Saudi, Saudi Arabian a Saudi, a Saudi Arabian
Scotland Scottish a Scot
Serbia Serbian a Serb
the Slovak Republic Slovak a Slovak
Spain Spanish a Spaniard
Sweden Swedish a Swede
Switzerland Swiss a Swiss
Thailand Thai a Thai
The USA American an American
Tunisia Tunisian a Tunisian
Turkey Turkish a Turk
Vietnam Vietnamese a Vietnamese
69
 Wales Welsh a Welshman / a Welshwoman
Yugoslavia Yugoslav a Yugoslav

ACTIVITY:
Where are they from? Tell us the nationalities of these famous people

She’s Colombian

70
DIALOGUE:
Listen and repeat

WHERE ARE YOU FROM?

Angelo: Good morning Mr. Dawson.

My name is Angelo . I’m the new student.
Mr. Dawson: Good morning Angelo.
It’s nice to meet you. We were expecting you.
Angelo: This is a very nice school, very big and modern.
Mr. Dawson: Yes, it was built a couple of years ago.
Angelo: I used to study in a very small school in my hometown.
Mr. Dawson: Really, and tell me Angelo.
Where are you from?
Angelo: I was born in Milan, Italy. But I came to the United States in 2006 with my family.
Mr. Dawson: So you’re not an American citizen.
Angelo: No, Mr. Dawson. I’m a permanent resident.
Mr. Dawson: But you speak English very well, as a native.
Angelo: Thank you Mr. Richard. I started studying English in Italy, with my sister Fiorella.
Mr. Dawson: Good luck Angelo! I see you around.
Angelo: Thank you Mr. Richards.

71
A LITTLE GRAMMAR: Statements with the past of the verb To Be.
Listen and repeat

STATEMENTS WITH THE PAST OF THE VERB TO BE

I was sick last week I wasn’t sick last week Contractions
You were my neighbor You weren’t my neighbor Wasn’t : Was not
Weren’t : Were not
She was my doctor She wasn’t my doctor
We were best friends We weren’t best friends
They were In South Africa They weren’t in South Africa

ACTIVITY
Complete the sentences with was or were. And then write the negative statements.
1.I was happy.
I wasn’t happy.
2. You ____ angry.

3. She ____ in London last week.

4. He ____ on vacations.

5. It ____ cold.

6. We ____ at school.

7. You ____ at the cinema.

8. They ____ at home.

9. The cat ____ on the roof.

10. The children ____ in the garden.

72
A LITTLE GRAMMAR:
Statements with the past of the verb To Be.
Listen and repeat

QUESTIONS WITH THE PAST OF TO THE VERB TO BE

Were you born in Belgium? Was the dog on the couch? Where was the dog?
Yes, I was born in Belgium. No, it wasn’t on the couch. The dog was under the
Yes, I was. No, It wasn’t. bed.

Was your father born in 1958? Was Emily born in Amsterdam? When was your daughter
Yes, he was born in 1958. No, she wasn’t born in Amsterdam. born?
Yes, he was. No, she wasn’t. She was born in 1995
What country were they
Were your sisters born in Idaho? Were Rob and Lisa together? born in?
Yes, they were born in Idaho. No, they weren’t together. They were born in
Yes, they were. No, they weren’t. Australia..

ACTIVITY
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. Where was James last month?
He was in Auckland, New Zealand.

2. Where was James?

3. What wass the object under the table?

4. When was Derek born?

5. When was the last holiday?

6. Who was your English teacher, Mr. Atkinson or Mr. Adams?

7. Where were the English books?

8. What color was your old car?

73
CULTURE FLASH:
The years of the year. How To read the years.

From 2000 onwards, years are pronounced like ordinary cardinal numbers.

*2000 - two thousand

*2003 - two thousand (and) three

Earlier years are pronounced differently: The first two figures are a number and the last two
figures are a number. They can be joined by hundred and, which is only necessary, however, if
the last two figures are 00 through 09.

*1999 - nineteen (hundred and) ninety-nine

*1806 - eighteen hundred and six / eighteen ou six

If you want to give the year without an exact date, use the preposition in:

*I was born in 1972.

To distinguish between dates before and after the birth of Christ, use BC und AD:
*BC = 'Before Christ'
*AD = 'Anno Domini' (in the year of the Lord)

Read the following numbers, and then practice with your classmates.
1492 1507 1876 1900 1913
1935 1989 1999 2006 2010

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PHONETICS:
Listen and repeat

SOUNDS OF NEGATIVE CONTRACTIONS.

ONE SYLLABLE TWO SYLLABLES
Aren’t / Don’t Isn’t / Doesn’t
Weren’t / Can’t Wasn’t / Didn’t

Read the following sentences :

1. Jason and Brenda weren’t on time, so they didn’t board the plane.
2. As I don’t like to eat alone, my wife doesn’t go out at noon.
3. These aren’t their notebooks, so they can’t take them home.
4. Hunt isn’t here today, and he wasn’t here yesterday.

DIALOGUE:
Listen and repeat

WHERE DID YOU LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH?

Robin: Thank you very much for your help Melissa.
Melissa: You’re welcome Robin.
Don’t hesitate to call whenever you need help.
Robin: You’re very kind.
Is there something I can do for you?
Melissa: Mmm. Yes Robin. I need to translate my resume.
Can you help me?
Robin: Yes, indeed. Let’s do it.

Moments later.

Melissa: And tell me Robin.

Where did you learn to speak spanish?
Robin: When I was a boy, I lived in Spain for 8 years.

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A LITTLE GRAMMAR:
Listen and repeat

Wh _ QUESTIONS WITH DID, WAS AND WERE.

Where did you eat dinner yesterday? I ate dinner in the restaurant across the street.
When did you arrive from Europe? I arrived from Europe two days ago.
Why did you buy this old computer? (I bought it) because I needed the memory card.
How old were you in 1999? I was twenty seven years old.
Who was your best friend in high school? Brandon Harris was my best friend.
How was the movie? It was awesome.

MATCH THE QUESTIONS WITH THE ANSWERS. WRITE THE RIGHT

NUMBER EN EACH ANSWER.
Where did you grow up? I was eighteen. ( )
When did you come to Los Angeles? I grew up in Texas. ( )
Why did you become a hairstylist? It was a Drama. ( )
How old were you in 1990? I came to Los Angeles in 1990. ( 2 )
What was your major in college? Because I needed the money. ( )
How was college? I was seven. ( )
When and where were you born? She was really shy. ( )
how was your english? I was born in 1984 in Okinawa, Japan. ( )
When did you start school? Her name was Keiko. ( )
How old were you then? My English wasn't very good. ( )
How was your first day of school? college was more difficult than high school ( )
Who was your first friend in school? I entered first grade in 1989. ( )
What was your first friend like? It was a little scary. ( )

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CLUE WORDS: the school
Listen and repeat

Art room Boy’s restroom Classroom Computer room

Girl's restroom Gym Library Music room

Playground Principal’s office School grounds

Science room Teacher’s room

READING:
China's Educational System
Listen and repeat
Being a student in China is very stressful. The weight and burden that an only child faces can be
unbearable. In China, education is free up until the tenth grade, which is considered the first year of
high school. In order to attend high school one must pay an administration fee. This fee can vary
depending on a child's academic performance in middle school. If a student receives high marks in
middle school, he or she will be charged a lower entrance fee. Thus, students are pressured to do
well so that they can save money for their parents.
In addition, after middle school, which is 7th-9th grade, students must take a nationwide entrance

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exam in order to attend high school. Their scores on this exam will largely decide what high school
they can attend. A low score means that the most prestigious high school will not accept you unless
you pay a very high tuition fee. And a high score most likely will allow you to attend the high school
of your choice. As well, your tuition fee will be substantially reduced.

In summary, high schools in China are operated more like the university system in the United States.
Students take an entrance exam and compete to attend the most prestigious high schools. Students
who do not do well end up attending poorly run schools unless their parents can afford to pay the
high tuition of a more prestigious high school. Students with high marks will receive a lower tuition
fee, which is similar to receiving a scholarship at the university level.

A Day in a Life of a Chinese Student

High school students go to school six days a week! In place of three electives, high school students
are required to take physics, biology, and chemistry simultaneously for three straight years.

Here is a schedule for a typical high school student:

6:50am-11:40am (Chinese, Math, English, Elective)

11:40am-1:00pm (Lunch/ Break)

1:00pm-4:30pm (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Elective)

5:00-6:00pm (Chinese, Math or English)

Note:
There are many students that take additional courses after their regular school schedule.
I have met students that don't go home until 10:00 in the evening! As well, the more
competitive schools keep their students in class until 8:00pm.

ACTIVITY
Read and write a short essay about the educational system in your country.

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DIALOGUE:
Listen and repeat

I was cooking breakfast.

Answering machine: Hi, this is Steven, and this is Cindy.
We can’t answer your call right now.
Please leave a message and we get back to you.

Paula: Hi. This is Dexter…

Cindy: Oh, hi Dexter. Sorry I didn’t answer the phone immediately. Steven and I were
cooking breakfast.
Dexter: Don’t worry Cindy. I need to talk to Steven.
Cindy: Sure. Hold on for a second.
Steven: Hi, Dexter what’s up!
Dexter: What ’s up buddy. I’m calling to remind you that our meeting
with the CEO of the company is today at 10:30.
Steven: I completely forgot about it. Thanks for calling buddy. I pick you up at 9:45.
Dexter: Ok, see you then. Bye.
A LITTLE GRAMMAR:
THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
At the minimum, a prepositional phrase will begin with a preposition and end with a noun,
pronoun, gerund, or clause,
the "object" of the preposition.
The object of the preposition will often have one or more modifiers to describe it. These are the
patterns for a prepositional phrase:

preposition + noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause

preposition + modifier(s) + noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause

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Here are some examples of the most basic prepositional phrase:
At home (at: preposition / home: noun).
From Richie (from: preposition / Richie: noun).
With me (with: preposition / me: pronoun).
In troubles (in: preposition / troubles: noun).
On time (On: preposition / time: noun).

Most prepositional phrases are longer, like these:

From my grandmother (from: preposition / my: modifier / grandmother: noun).
Under the warm blanket (under: preposition / the warm: modifiers / blanket: noun).
ACTIVITY:
Answer the questions using Prepositional Phrases.

1. Where is the secretary?

She’s in Thailand. On vacations.

2. When is Christmas?
In _______________.

3. Where is Melinda?
In _______________.

4. Where is the dictionary?

On ______________.

5. Where are the students?

At ______________.

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A LITTLE GRAMMAR:
Listen and repeat
SUBJECT AND OBJECT PRONOUNS
We use subject pronouns as subjects of sentences and object pronouns as objects.

Subject Pronouns Object Pronouns

1st person I I kicked the ball. Me John kicked the ball to
me.
2nd person You You like to study. You John wants to talk to
you.
Singular
3rd person (male) He He eats green cheese. Him Mary doesn't like him.
3rd person (female) She She likes ice cream. Her John kissed her.
3rd person (non-person) It It bit John. It John smashed it.

1st person We We enjoy going to the Us The politician lied to us.

Plural movies.
2nd person You You are the best students. You I wouldn't lie to you.
3rd person They They are not happy. Them Mary didn't invite them.

1. Tony saw that girl yesterday.

He saw her yesterday.
2. Sarah and I had lunch with Nicola and Michael.
_________________________________________________ .
3. Can you lend Billy and me the car?
_________________________________________________ .
4. I saw you and Andy at the disco.
_________________________________________________ .
5. Alison kissed Billy.
_________________________________________________ .
6. Susana gave the letter to her mother.
_________________________________________________ .
7. Billy phoned Alison.
_________________________________________________ .
8. The dog chased the cat.
_________________________________________________ .
9. Alison and I love Billy and Tommy.
_________________________________________________ .
10.Sally and Susana don't like cheese.
_________________________________________________ .
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CULTURE FLASH:
Listen and repeat

SPORTS IN AMERICA: The Big Picture

Whether it's for fitness or just for fun in the outdoor sun, millions of Americans are spending their
free time engaged in some type of sport, fitness activity, or athletic/recreational endeavor.
According to the Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association (SGMA), bowling is the number one
sports activity in the U.S. - though four out of the top ten activities are fitness pursuits and another
four are directly related to the “Great Outdoors.”

The “big picture” details on sports participation patterns in the United States can be found in
SGMA's Sports Participation Topline Report (2009 edition). This report contains participation data
for more than 100 sports which are divided into one of 13 different categories - equipment exercise;
fishing; fitness activities; indoor sports; outdoor activities; personal contact sports; racquet sports;
shooting sports; team sports; water sports; wheel sports; winter sports; and other sports/activities.

In this study, there are annual participation figures for 1987 (benchmark year); 1990; 1993; 1998;
2000; 2004; and 2005. It also lists percentage changes for 2004 vs. 2005; 1998 vs. 2005; and 1987
vs. 2005.

From a growth perspective, the ten activities with the most statistically-significant percentage
increases in participation from 2004 to 2009 were lacrosse (+77.5%), fly fishing (+41.6%),
surfing (+37.3%), ice hockey (+29.4%), mountain biking (+21.2%), yoga/tai chi (+18.1%),
artificial wall climbing (+15.8%), indoor soccer (+15.5%), jet skiing (+14.5%), and kayaking
(+13.3%).

TOP 25 MOST POPULAR SPORTS/RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN THE U.S.

Bowling - 53.5 million.

Treadmill Exercise - 48.0 million.
Stretching - 42.3 million.
Freshwater Fishing - 42.1 million.
Tent Camping - 38.6 million.
Horseback Riding - 38.0 million.
Running/Jogging - 37.8 million.
Overnight Hiking - 36.6 million.
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 Fitness Walking - 36.3 million.
Billiards/Pool - 35.2 million.
Basketball - 32.0 million.
Hand Weights - 31.4 million.
Weight/Resistance Machines - 29.0 million.
Dumbells - 28.4 million.
Golf - 25.7 million.
Calisthenics - 24.9 million.
Barbells - 23.0 million.
Darts - 18.8 million.
Tennis - 18.3 million.
RV Camping - 18.2 million.
Hunting (Shotgun/Rifle) - 18.0 million.
Elliptical Motion Trainer - 16.7 million.
Abdominal Machine/ Exercise - 16.5 million
Inline Skating - 16.5 million.
Outdoor Soccer - 15.8 million.

Other prominent sports located outside the top 25 sports/activities are:

Fitness swimming 14.6 million.

Ice skating 14.6 million.
Touch football 14.1 million.
Table tennis 14.1 million.
Slow-pitch softball 12.9 million.
Skateboarding 11.4 million.
Paintball 10.4 million.
Pilates Training 10.4 million.
Baseball 10.3 million.
Water skiing 7.3 million.
Tackle football 5.8 million.
Racquetball 4.9 million.
Fast-pitch softball 3.5 million.
Surfing 2.7 million.
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 ACTIVITY
Read and discuss the following questions with your classmates.
1. What are the most practiced sports in your city?
2. How often people exercise in your city?
3. What are the places people prefer to practice group sports?
4. Why is recommended to practice a sport?
DIALOGUE
Listen and repeat

I’d like to but…

Rashid: Hello?
Clarence: Hi, Rashid. It’s Clarence. I just got your message.
Rashid: I appreciate you are calling me back.
Clarence: And how are you doing?
Rashid: Great. I called you because I want to invite you to my next
conference on Friday.
Clarence: I’d like to go, but I have to work the night shift.
Rashid: Don’t worry. It’s at 9 am in the morning.
Clarence: Great. See you on Friday.
Rashid: I’ll wait for you. Bye.

A LITTLE GRAMMAR:
Have to and Want to.
Have to: to need to do something or be forced to do something.
Mike has to pick his children up before noon.
Do I have to get my medications this afternoon?
I don’t have to study, the quiz is next Friday.

Want to: to hope to have or do something.

Oliver wanted to buy that car, but he didn’t have enough money.
Beth wants to visit Europe next summer. She’s already saving money.
The kids didn’t want to come. I forced them to do it.
Do you want to come with us?

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 Like to, would like and would you
Like to: to enjoy something or feel that someone or something is pleasant.
Jessica really likes Andy.
I like to play soccer only on the weekend.
When I was younger I liked to party every weekend.
Would like: used to say politely that you want something.
I would like to learn to speak Chinese.
I wouldn’t like to be a victim of a robbery.
Peter would like to be your boyfriend. He likes you very much.
Would you: used to politely ask someone something.
Would you accept my invitation?
Would you marry me? Would you like a coffee?

Activity:
Complete the sentences with: Have to, Want to, Like to, Would like and Would you.
And then match the correct answer.
1. Would you like to dance? I’d like to order a lasagna.
2. What do you ______ to eat in this restaurant? I have to be at the bank.
3. Do you _______ your coffee with sugar? Yes, please. Two spoons.
4. Where do you _______ be at noon? Yes. I´d love to dance with you.
5. _______ you come with me to the meeting? Usually, I order the ceviche. It´s delicious.
6. Next time, what __________ you _______ tor order? Sorry. I have something to do.

COMMON EXCUSES TO AVOID EXERCISE.

Reading:
Let me know if you have an exercise excuse you'd like to share by typing in "Exercise Excuse: [and
put in your excuse here]" in the Suggestions Box to the right. I'll add them to the list and come up
with a solution for it.

"I don't have time.”

We all know that we could make time if we really wanted to. If you can make time for your hobbies or
to add extra projects to your already busy routine, you can rearrange your schedule to allow you to
exercise.

"I can't afford the equipment or gym membership."

Great! You don't need equipment or a gym membership.
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"I can't get to the gym."
So bring the gym to you by buying or making inexpensive (or free) equipment at home, buying or
renting videos (or record them from TV), and by doing exercise that doesn't require equipment.

"I don't have any workout clothes."

All you need is a t-shirt and some sweat pants or shorts, and if you're going to be running around or
going outside, invest your money in some good shoes (make sure you go to a shoe store and try out
lots of different shoes).

“It's boring."
I personally believe stair-climbers, treadmills, and stationary bikes are boring, but there's more to
exercise that those old things. Take dance lessons or martial arts. Go hiking, rock climbing,
kayaking, etc. Try some team sports if you're competitive. Go roller or ice skating. Do something
productive while you exercise, like gardening or scrubbing your house. Start walking around town,
and check out the new shops or museums.

“It's exhausting and/or it hurts."

I don't know who came up with the no-pain-no-gain philosophy, but it's stupid. Pain is a signal to
your body that something is wrong and needs to stop. If it hurts, you're doing it wrong or pushing
yourself too hard. If you get exhausted, you're probably trying to do too much too soon. If you like
the pain, you're masochistic.

"It takes too long to see results."

Yup, it does take a long time. It doesn't happen overnight, but if you don't do it, it will never happen.
That's like saying if I can't have a million dollars right now, I'm not going to try to earn an income at
all, and we all know that is ridiculous. So here is your choice, start exercising today and get to a
healthier weight within months or years or be fat for the rest of your life.
"I'm too old / unhealthy / out-of-shape / tired / etc."
Well duh. If you don't exercise, you're going to be out of shape, frail, ill, fatigued, and so forth.
Nobody starts off as an Olympic athlete, marathon runner, or even fit enough to complete an entire
aerobics class. You have to build your way up. Sometimes you'll only be able to add on one or two
minutes each time you exercise, and it could take you 30 exercise sessions or more to get to one half
of an hour of exercise. Sometimes you'll notice that you can do a bit more than you thought you
could. Everybody (and I repeat EVERYBODY) starts off at the bottom of the fitness hill and has to
walk their way up step by step. Some of us just start that climb sooner than other, but we all go at
about the same pace. Even if you have disabilities, there's always something you can do with the
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parts of your body that aren't disabled.
"I don't look good exercising."
Don't make me roll my eyes at you. Sure, it isn't the most attractive thing to watch somebody sweat
or jiggle, but try this. Go to a gym (get the free one day pass) and look at everyone else working out.
Even the obese people look better when they exercise than when they're sitting around. The secret is
energy. If you look energetic (by doing energetic things), you look healthier and happier, and
health and happiness are attractive (that's why athletes and bubbly girls (even the very un-model
ones) get all the dates). Yes, your hair will get messed up, but it's attractive, just like messing up your
hair during sex or making-out is attractive. Now compare this to a bunch of people sitting,
slouching, and gorging themselves with super-sized meals. Which one seems more attractive to
you?

"I don't like how I jiggle."

Do something low impact. Less bounce means less jiggle. Walking, for example, has very little
jiggle.

"I already get enough exercise at work."

If you are overweight, guess what, you don't get enough exercise at work, at home, or anywhere
else. If you were getting enough exercise, you wouldn't be overweight.

"I want to relax."

Exercise reduces your stress chemicals in your body, so you actually end up less stressed after exercise
than you would if you just "relaxed" in front of the television.

"I don't know how to get started."

Glad you mentioned it. Check out Start an Exercise Routine for ideas on how to get started.
"I'm already doing too much today."
So just get in 5 minutes. Even if you can only get in 5 minutes here, 5 minutes there, etc. you will
make progress. If you're in a waiting room (for a doctor appointment or a plane), sitting in a car,

"It's too hot outside."

Exercise inside.

"It's raining today."

Exercise inside or go have some fun in the rain.

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"My exercise equipment is broken."
You don't need exercise equipment. Do something that doesn't require exercise equipment.

"I don't like where I have to go to exercise."

Pick a new place to exercise.

"I don't have an exercise partner."

Exercise by yourself. Otherwise, join a club, like a biking club, walking club, skiing club, kayaking
club, etc. You'll always have lots of people to exercise with.

“I'm too depressed."

Exercise can make you happier both immediately and long term. It can also reduce symptoms of
depression and anxiety. It's like a mood-improvement-therapy session.
CLASS ACTIVITY:
Why you don’t exercise? Write a list of excuses.
I don’t exercise because:
1.I have to study.
2.I don’t like the instructor.
3._____________________________.
4._____________________________.
5._____________________________.
6._____________________________.
7._____________________________.
8._____________________________.
9._____________________________.
10._____________________________.

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