Measurements and Instrumentation 4-216

= K 3 _ 100x230 = 230 2
R 100 DC. and AC
R2
Relative limiting error is,
R4 R8R3 SR2 (t 0.02 t =
0.01
R4 R R t 0.02)%
So limiting values of unknown resistance are,
.05
230 t 0.05 % 230
= =
100X 230 230 +0.115
Q
229.885Q to 230.115 Q
ERmple 43.8 An unbalanced Wheatstone bridge is given
below inn e.
Current through thegalvanometer Fig. 4.3.12.
ww
R
R2
Calewlate
C

R1 ka
E=6VE a R 2.5 kQ
Rg 3.5 ka
R R
R4= 10 ko
R 300
E 6V
Fig. 4.3.12
Solution: Find VTH as shown in the
Fig. 4.3.12 (a).
E
R+R3 1.333 mA
E =6V
E
l2R+R4 0.48 mA R
VTH 1 R3-12 R4
Fig. 4.3.12 (a)
1.333x 10x3.5x103-0.48x10 x10x103
F-0.1334 V
VTH 0.133 Vwithb positive. R
a o
While to find Reg, short E. ww wW
Req (R1 li R3)+(R2 | R) R
777.777 +2000 2777.777 Q R
W
R4
bo-

Fig. 4.3.12 (b)

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 nantsandinsinumontaton 4-17 DC. and A.C. Bridges
M o a s u r o a n t a
a n d

H e n c eg a l v a n o m e t e r c u r ent is,

0.133 = 43.343 JuA from b to a

300+ 2777.777

R o v i e wQ u e s t i o n s

Wheatstone's bridge withfundamentals.

Dec 07. Marks S
sensitivity of Derive
D the relation for finding
I h e bridge
Derive tthe Wheatstone's bridge.
in

and working
principle of Dec.-12, 14, Marks 8
2 the theory
Exzlain the
Wheatstone
u m k n o w n r e s i s t a n c e .

the galoanometer
in case of unbalanced
the current through
3 Derioe the expression for
Ivrine the

Wheatstone bridge ?
bridge.
sourcesS of
errors n case
of the bridge.
Wheutstone
the
What are
and the
liritations
of the galvamometer
sensitioity is
4.3.13. The
the applicafions in the Fig. caused by
5 Explain
shown
is
connected
As
Calculate the deflection of galvanometer
A galvanometerinternal resistance of 150 2. [Ans.:3.5mm]
and
8 mm/uA arm BC.
in the
10 2
unbalance
www7 1002
200
1k2
5 k

D
w7s
6V
2km
w
N

10 kQ ww.
200021000
D

Fig. 4.3.13
10 V

Fig. 4.3.144

sensitioity o
Currentsenisn
current

has
h a
asa the
galvanometer
meter
deflection of
4.3.14. The the
C a l c u l a t e[Ans.: 71.2668 mm]
shown in the Fig. 2002
7. The Wheatstone bridge is galvanometer is
resistance of bridge
12 mm/ pA. The internal
Wheatstone

unbalance in
the arm ALD. used in
to 5 2 This
Ths is
s m smallest
usedthe
8banometer caused due nA.
nA.
c u r r e n t of1
1 calculate

detect a
can 20 V
V, calcu
ofthega
galon

sensitive galvanometer is
tage is
f 1000 2 the battery voltage resistance
r e s i s t a n c e

with each arm resistance of eter. The

galvanometer.
n detected by the
Sistance which can be
the resist
 R,|R, Jud
, I8, jul, -

hquating a l arta N,N,

R,

inayinary parts, Rl40R

uating

By usirg equations (4.9.1) and (49.2), unknown elementu

tw can
can be
be det
In this bridge. R, is velerted as inluctive balance control and
cdetermined
balance control. The balance is obtatned by allernately varying or R,"
R teniat
xampe 0,1 An inductance comparison briaee iN used to mensure the indueti.
at
frrquemcy of 1.5 kHz. The bridge constants al bridge balance are,
a

8mbl, R 1 ksa, R, 25 ka, Ry 50 k2

= m

Find the equiralent series ciruit unknown

of impedance.
Solution: From bridge balance
equation of inductance comparison bridge,
R R 25x10 x50x 103
R
1.25 M
R Ix103

and x8x 10-3

L =
, 25x10 200 mHH
Ix103
The
equivalent series circuit is,

o 0000 Rx
200 mH 1.25 MQ

Fig. 4.9.2
Review Question

1. Why the inductance comparison

bridge is used ?
Derioe its balance
equation.

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