Project: Date:

Location : Designed by:

Title : Design of Pier cap (Hammer Head Type) Checked by:

Unit weight of concrete Yc 24.00 kN/m³

Length of Pier cap Lc 8.40 m
Width of Pier Cap Bc 2.80 m
Depth of rectangular section Dr 0.80 m
Depth of trapezoidal section Dt 1.00 m
Depth of cap Dc 1.80 m
Separation distance of bearings Db 2.50 m
Distance of bearing from the end of Cap 1.70 m
Length of trapezoidal section
Base width 2.80 m
Top width 8.4 m

Loading from Superstructure

Reaction at Bearing
Non-seismic condition

Dead load
Vertical reaction 1187.49 kN
Horizontal reaction 0 kN

Live load
Vertical reaction 605.60 kN
Horizontal Rxn 0 kN

Span of bridge L 25 m

8.40
1.70 2.50 2.50 1.70

0.80

1.00

2.80
 Project: Date:
Location : Designed by:
Title : Design of Pier cap (Hammer Head Type) Checked by:

2.80

1.80

Calculation of area and CG with respect to the end of pier shaft

Designation Area(m2) CG-X CG-Z Volume, m³ Weight, kN
Rectangular cap 6.720 1.400 1.400 18.816 451.584
Trapezoidal cap
Triangular cap 1.400 -0.933 0.667 3.920 94.080
Rectangular cap 2.800 1.400 0.500 7.840 188.160
Triangular cap 1.400 3.733 0.667 3.920 94.080
Total 12.320 34.496 827.904
Position of CG 1.4000 1.0288

Concrete grade 25 N/mm²

Steel grade 500 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in tension and shear 240 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in direct compression 205 N/mm²
Allowable compressive stress in concrete in flexure 8.33 N/mm²
Allowable comp. stress in concrete in direct compression 6.25 N/mm²
Modular ratio (m) 10

Moment at the edge of the stem shaft

Due to dead load of the cap itself 1159.07 kNm
Due to dead load from superstructure 3324.98 kNm
Due to live load 1695.69 kNm
Total moment 6179.74 kNm
Moment per meter span 2207.05 kNm/m
Let, σcbc/(σst/m) = A 0.3471
 Project: Date:
Location : Designed by:
Title : Design of Pier cap (Hammer Head Type) Checked by:

Neutral axis factor, K = A*d/(1+A) 0.2577 d

Lever arm, j = d(1-k/3) 0.9141 d
Moment of Resistance, Mr=B*k*(σcbc/2) * j 2746.712 d²
Equating Mr = M,
Minimum depth dmin 896.395 mm
Provided overall depth, D 1800.00 mm ok
Let the clear cover be, 75.00 mm
Let the diameter of main bars 32.00 mm
Hence, actual effective depth deff 1709 mm
Area of steel required, Ast=M/( j*deff*σst) 5886.51 mm²
Required Spacing of bars = As* B/Ast 136.63 mm
Provided Spacing of bars 120 mm c/c
Then total number of bars 10 nos
Provided area of tensile reinforcement 8042 mm² ok
 Project: Date:
Location : Designed by:
Title : Design of Pier cap (Hammer Head Type) Checked by:

Reinforcement at the bottom (compression side)

Provide 50 % of tensile renforcement at compression side 50 %
Area of compression reinforcement, Asc 2943 mm²
Lets provide bars Ø 32 mm @
Spacing 240 mm c/c
Then total number of bars 6 nos
Total area of compression side reinforcement 4825 mm² ok

Check for Shear

Shear force at the critical section
Due to dead load of the cap itself 827.90 kN
Due to dead load from superstructure 1187.49 kN
Due to live load 605.60 kN
Total shear force, V 2621.00 kN

Shear Stress developed, tac 0.5477 N/mm²

Percentage of longitudinal steel (tension+compression) 0.269 %
Permissible Shear stress in concrete p t% tc
0.25 0.23
0.269 0.236
0.5 0.31
Allowable shear stress , tc (IRC:21-2000, Table 12B) 0.236 revised

Shear resisted by longitudinal steel and concrete section

Vs = tc * B * deff 1129555 N
Shear force to be resisted by shear reinforcement Vus 1491447 N
Assuming 4 legged vertical stirrup of φ 12 mm
2
Area of steel of 4 legged stirrup, Asv 452 mm
S = (σsv*Asv*d)/Vus
Centre to centre spacing of the stirrup 124.4 mm c/c
Provided Spacing of bars Sp 120.0 mm c/c
Additional Shear reinforcement Asv 436.35 mm²/m
Providing 4 legs shear bar of Ø 12 mm
Shear steel area 452.39 mm²/m ok

Check for shear at bearings

Check shear at a distance 1.2 m from the face of the stem
Total Depth of beam at the bearing line 1371.4 mm
Effective Depth of beam at the bearing line 1296.4 mm
Shear forces:
Due to dead load of the cap itself 139.78 kN
 Project: Date:
Location : Designed by:
Title : Design of Pier cap (Hammer Head Type) Checked by:

Due to dead load from superstructure 1187.49 kN

Due to live load 605.60 kN
Total shear force, V 1932.87 kN

Shear Stress developed, tac = V/(B*D) 0.503 N/mm²

Allowable shear stress for the section, tc 1.9 Section satisfied for shear
(IRC:21-2000, Table 12A) < tac Safe

Percentage of longitudinal steel (tension+compression)

100*Ast / bd 0.354 %
pt% tc
1 0.4 N/mm²
0.35 0.30
1.25 0.44
Allowable shear stress, tc 0.30 < tac
(IRC:21-2000, Table 12B)
Shear resisted by longitudinal steel and concrete section
Vs = tc* B * deff 384674.08 N
Shear force to be resisted by shear reinforcement Vus 1548199.27 N
Spacing of shear reinforcement S 150 mm c/c
Additional Shear reinforcement Asv 746.38 mm²/m
Providing 7 legs shear bar of Ø 16 mm
The shear steel area 1407.43 mm²/m
Spacing of bars 150 mm c/c

Check for punching shear

Average depth of section at bearing, i.e. at 1.1 m from the stem face 1407.14 mm

Allowable punching pressure, tau_p = ks* (0.16*sqrt(fck))

Where, ks = the minimum of 1 and 0.5+bc 0.833
bc = B/L 0.333
Hence, tau_p 0.667 N/mm²

Total punching stress developed, tau_punch = V/Lo*D

Where Lo = perimeter around the critical plane = 2*(2D+L+B) 13428.571 mm
Hence, tau_punch 0.139 N/mm²
< 0.67 Safe

Skin reinforcement @ 0.1% of gross sectional area of the beam 5040 mm²
Area of Skin reinforcement for each side, Askin 2520 mm²
 Project: Date:
Location : Designed by:
Title : Design of Pier cap (Hammer Head Type) Checked by:

Adopting dia. Bars: 16 mm

Area of one bar 201.06 mm²
Spacing of bars 150 mm
Reinforcement bar nos 12 nos each side
Area provided of φ 16 bars @ 100 c/c at each side, Askin (prov.) 2412.74 mm² each side