Mathematics: Quarter 4 - Module 5 Parallelism and Perpendicularity

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Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 5
Parallelism and Perpendicularity
Mathematics – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 5: Parallelism and Perpendicularity
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Ana Cleo C. Razon, Ph.D.

Louie Joy J. Rosit, Ph.D.
Editors: Julius J. Igot, Ed.D.
Kenneth Regene B. Blasco
Management Team: Bianito A. Dagatan, Ed.D., CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent
Casiana P. Caberte, Ph.D.

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Felix C. Galacio Jr., Ph.D.

EPS, Mathematics
Josephine D. Eronico, Ph.D.

EPS, LRMDS
Printed in the Philippines by Schools Division of Bohol

Department of Education – Region VII, Central Visayas
Office Address: 0050 Lino Chatto Drive Barangay Cogon, Tagbilaran City,
Bohol
Telefax: (038) 501 – 7550
Tel Nos. (038) 412 – 4938; (038) 411-2544; (038) 501 – 7550
Learning Competencies:
Determines the conditions under which lines and segments are parallel or perpendicular
(M8GE-IVd-1).
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

 determine and prove the conditions under which lines and segments are parallel;
 determine the conditions under which lines and segments are perpendicular; and
 prove the conditions under which lines and segments are perpendicular.
Lesson 1: Parallelism
What is it
If two lines are cut by a transversal, then the two lines are parallel if:
 alternate-interior angles are congruent.
 alternate-exterior angles are congruent.
 corresponding angles are congruent.
 same-side interior angles are supplementary.
 same-side exterior angles are supplementary.
Example:
Determine whether the lines are parallel or not. Justify your answer.
These lines are parallel because a pair of These lines are not parallel because a pair of Same-Side
Corresponding Angles are equal. Interior Angles do not add up to 180°
(81° + 101° =182°).
What’s More
Directions:
Answer the following questions:
1. Is line AB parallel to line CD? Justify your
answer?
2. For what value of x will lines l and j be parallel?

Lesson 2: Perpendicularity
What is it
Perpendicularity
Two lines, segments or rays that intersect to form right angles are said to be perpendicular. A
perpendicular bisector of a segment is a line or a ray or another segment that is perpendicular to the
segment and intersects the segment at its midpoint. The distance between two parallel lines is the
perpendicular distance between one of the lines and any point on the other line.
To prove that two lines are perpendicular, you must show that one of the following theorems is true:
1. If two lines are perpendicular to each other, then they form four right angles.
If ḿ⊥ ń , then we can conclude that

∠ 1 ,∠ 2 , ∠ 3 ,∧∠ 4 are right angles.
2. If the angles in a linear pair are congruent, then the lines containing their sides are perpendicular.
If ∠ 1∧∠ 2 form a linear pair and ∠ 1 ≅ ∠2,

then l´1 ⊥ l´2.
3. If two angles are adjacent and complementary, the non-common sides are perpendicular.
If ∠ CAR and ∠ EAR are complementary and

´ ⊥ AE
adjacent, then AC ´ .
Example:
Refer to the given figure and conditions. Answer the following questions:
Given:
´
ḾI ≅ IL
´ ≅ ÉL
SE
m∠ SEI =90 °
1. Is ḾL ⊥ IS´ ? Yes
2. Is ḾS ⊥ S´L? Yes
´
3. Is SL⊥ M´ L? No
4. Are ∠ MSI∧∠ ISL complementary angles? Yes
What’s More
Directions:
From the given figure and conditions, answer the following questions:
Given:
´
ḾI ≅ IL
´ ≅ ÉL
SE
m∠ SEI =90 °
1. Are ∠ MIS∧∠ SIE complementary angles?

´?
´ a perpendicular bisector of SL
2.Is IE
3.Do ∠ MIS∧∠ SIL form a linear pair?
4.Is the m∠ MIS=90 ° ?
Lesson 3: Proving Perpendicular Lines
What is it
Recall the conditions to prove perpendicular lines.

Example:
Refer to the given figure .
1. If m∠ 1=¿3x+15 and m∠2=4 x −10, then prove that CT ´ is perpendicular to UE ´ if x= 25.

Solution:
Substitute 25 to x. So, we have m∠1=¿3(25) +15
Simplify m∠1=¿75+15 = 90
Since ∠ 1is a right angle, it follows that ∠ 2 is also a right angle for they formed a linear pair.
´ is perpendicular to UE
Therefore, CT ´ .
2. If m∠2=x+ 40, then what is the value of x to prove that CT ´ ⊥ UE

´ ?
Solution:
´ ⊥ UE
To prove that CT ´ , ∠ 2 must be a right angle. So, m∠2=90 ° .
By Substitution, x +40=90
By Subtraction Property , x=50.
´ ⊥ UE
Therefore, the value of x to prove that CT ´ is 50.
What’s More
Direction:
Refer to the given figure at the right.
1. If m∠ LOE=¿2x-1 and m∠ EOV =3 x +6, is LO ´ perpendicular to OV

´ when x= 17? Show the
proof.
´ ⊥ OV
2. If m∠ LOV =x−10 , what is the value of x to prove that LO ´ ?
Assessment
Directions:
Read and understand each item carefully. Write only the letter of the correct answer.
For numbers 1-5, refer to the given figure at the right. Select from the choices
below that corresponds to the correct answer.
a. Yes b. No c. Insufficient Data
Given the following conditions, is line m parallel to line n?
1. m∠ 1=100◦ and m∠5=100◦
2. m∠3=80 ◦ and m∠ 5=80 ◦
3. m∠ 4=100◦ and m∠ 6=80 ◦
4. m∠ 1+ m∠ 7=180◦
5. m∠2=80◦
6. When can two lines be called perpendicular to each other?

a. They are complementary. b. They are supplementary.
c. They formed acute angles. d. They formed right angles.
7. If the angles in a linear pair are congruent, then what can you say the lines containing their sides?
a. intersecting b. parallel c. perpendicular d. overlapping
8. What do you call a line or a ray or another segment that is perpendicular to the segment and intersects
the segment at its midpoint?
a. perpendicular bisector b. perpendicular distance
b.perpendicular lines d. perpendicularity
For numbers 9 & 10, refer to the figure at the right.

´ ⊥ OV
9. If LO ´ , then what is the value of x when m∠ LOV =x +80?
a. 10 b.80 c. 90 d. 170
´ ⊥ OV
10. If LO ´ , then what is the m∠ LOE when m∠ EOV =25 ?
a. 25 b. 45 c. 65 d. 90
References
Abuzo, E., et.al (2013). Mathematics 8 Learner’s Module. Pasig City: Department of Education-
Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR).
Pascadio, A. A., et.al 2017. Math Ideas and Life Applications. Quezon City: Abiva Publishing
House, Inc.
http://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/parallel-lines.html
Answer Sheet
Name: __________________________________________________________
Grade & Section: ________________ Score: _______
Quarter 4 – Module 5
Lesson 1
What’s More
1.
2.
Lesson 2
What’s More
1.
2.
3.
4.
Lesson 3
What’s More
1.
2.
Assessment
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

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8

First Edition, 2020

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Ana Cleo C. Razon, Ph.D.

Casiana P. Caberte, Ph.D.

Felix C. Galacio Jr., Ph.D.

Josephine D. Eronico, Ph.D.

Printed in the Philippines by Schools Division of Bohol

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

2. For what value of x will lines l and j be parallel?

If ḿ⊥ ń , then we can conclude that

If ∠ 1∧∠ 2 form a linear pair and ∠ 1 ≅ ∠2,

If ∠ CAR and ∠ EAR are complementary and

1. Are ∠ MIS∧∠ SIE complementary angles?

Lesson 3: Proving Perpendicular Lines

Recall the conditions to prove perpendicular lines.

1. If m∠ 1=¿3x+15 and m∠2=4 x −10, then prove that CT ´ is perpendicular to UE ´ if x= 25.

2. If m∠2=x+ 40, then what is the value of x to prove that CT ´ ⊥ UE

1. If m∠ LOE=¿2x-1 and m∠ EOV =3 x +6, is LO ´ perpendicular to OV

6. When can two lines be called perpendicular to each other?

For numbers 9 & 10, refer to the figure at the right.

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